15. Briefly explain how the gel (or DNA fingerprint) is made after DNA has been amplified.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Like the fingerprints that came into use by detectives and police labs during the 1930s, each person has a unique DNA fingerprint. Unlike a conventional fingerprint that occurs only on the fingertips and can be altered by surgery, a DNA fingerprint is the same for every cell, tissue, and organ of a person. It cannot be altered by any known treatment. Consequently, DNA fingerprinting is rapidly becoming the primary method for identifying and distinguishing among individual human beings. DNA fingerprints are also useful in several applications of human health care research and for diagnosis of inherited disorders. DNA fingerprinting is often used in the justice system to link suspects to biological evidence and solve paternity cases.

Explanation:

Answer 2

DNA sample: A DNA sample that will be examined must first be gathered. DNA extraction: Using the lysis process, DNA is then extracted from the sample.

What is DNA fingerprint?

Restrictions endonucleases:The DNA fragment is cut at a particular place by a specific restriction enzyme.

Alec Jeffrey, a British biologist, created the DNA fingerprinting technique in 1984 after noticing that some highly variable DNA sequences, or minisatellites, that are repeated inside genes but do not affect their activities.

In DNA fingerprinting, a gel-like fluid is used to distinguish between DNA molecules that move at various speeds. A DNA molecule that is huge moves slowly, whereas a DNA molecule that is little moves quickly.

Therefore, DNA molecules are divided in gel electrophoresis according to size. When DNA molecules are divided into distinct sizes, bands of DNA are created.

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Related Questions

Which of the following is true about the structure of water?
1. It is held together by an ionic bond
2. It is nonpolar
3. It is polar
4. It has one positive hydrogen attached to one negative oxygen

Answers

Answer:

3.) It is polar

Explanation:

Water is polar covalently bonded within the molecule. This unequal sharing of the electrons results in a slightly positive and a slightly negative side of the molecule. Other molecules, such as Ethane, are nonpolar, having neither a positive nor a negative side.

After a virus uses a host cell, the host cell often
is damaged or destroyed
develops a capsid
is no different than before
is refreshed and healthy

Answers

DNA viruses use host cell proteins and enzymes to make additional DNA that is messaged to become RNA, which is then used to direct protein synthesis. The RNA directs host cell to make viral enzymes and capsid proteins.
So the answer is: Develops a Capsid(:

Answer: is damaged or destroyed

Explanation:

Heat is released or given off during an (blank) process.

Fill in the blank:

A) endothermic

B) exothermic

Answers

The answer is exothermic

Describe one physical property and one chemical property of sodium that ywe observed ​

Answers

Answer:

It's a soft metal, reactive and with a low melting point, with a relative density of 0,97 at 20ºC (68ºF). From the commercial point of view, sodium is the most important of all the alkaline metals. Sodium reacts quickly with water, and also with snow and ice, to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.

Explanation:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?


A must have a method of excreting waste
B Must be able to grow
C Must maintain boundaries between inside and outside


D Must use oxygen to survive

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

You can't tell anybody to grow because you are amazing

whatever size or way you are so B

HELP HELP!!! ASAAAAPPPPP

Answers

Answer:

a is your answer

Explanation:

In an investigation to determine a factor that affects the growth of rats, a student exposed 100 rats of the same age and species to identical conditions, except for the amount of living space and the amount of food each rat received. Each day the student measured and recorded the weight of each rat. State one major error that the student made in performing this

Answers

Answer:

Violating 'Ceteris Paribus' {Other factors constant} assumption, as both food & space are varied (simultaneously)

Explanation:

Weight Growth is the dependent (effected) variable in this case. And, independent (causal) variables are food amount are living space respectively.

However particular independent factor's (food or living space) impact on dependent variable ie weight growth : can be determined only by - examining individual variable (food or living space) impact on weight growth. So, either of the two variables should be varied, & not both should be varied simultaneously.

This would imply depiction of each factor's clearer individual impact on the dependent factor.

Which types of rocks can become metamorphic rock?


both igneous and metamorphic rock


both igneous and sedimentary rock


clastic sedimentary rock


clastic or chemical sedimentary rock

Answers

Answer: Your answer is ''Both igneous and sedimentary rock.''

Explanation: They both can form underground and at the surface.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Describe a situation in which being able to drink milk would give an individual an advantage with respect to survival and reproduction.

Answers

Answer/Explanation:

A family has a farm in which they grow crops and keep cows. During a particularly harsh winter, the crops failed to grow as well as they normally do. This means that their food supply was limited.

However, they also have cows, and cows produce milk. If this family were able to drink milk, they could get some nutrition from the milk. This means they are less likely to succumb to malnutrition and disease, and are more likely to survive and reproduce.

One way that cells maintain homeostasis is by controlling the movement of substances across the cell membrane.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

One way that a cell maintains homeostasis is by controlling the movement of substances across the cell membrane. The lipid bilayer is selectively permeable to small, nonpolar substances. Proteins in the cell membrane include cell-surface markers, receptor proteins, enzymes, and transport proteins.

______is the international system of units used by scientists worldwide.

Answers

Hey :)

SI unit/ Standard International


The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international (d'unités)

Hope this helps :)

Which statement best compares pseudopods in sarcodina and flagella in dinoflagellates?
OA. Both pseudopods and flagella are used for reproduction, but only flagella are used for movement.
OB. Pseudopods ang whip-like structures, while flagella are flat structures involved in photosynthesis.
OC. Both pseudopods and flagella are used for movement, but only pseudopods are used to engulf food.
OD
Pseudopods are permanent projections from a cell, while flagella can be retracted into the cell.

Answers

Answer:

A is the answer your welcome

What is the elephant getting when the bond is broken in sucrose?

Answers

Answer:

The elephant is getting Energy.

Explanation:

The elephant is getting Energy because sucrose is been hydrolysed and the bonds are broken down by enzyme sucrase isomaltase present in the intestine. Inches the bonds are broken, it is broken into glucose and fructose which is absorbed by the small intestine into the blood. The glucose serve as energy source or it is been stored as fly oven in the liver which is later broken down to glucose which is use for metabolic pathways to produce energy.

The elephant gets OXYGEN when the bond is broken in sucrose.

Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of one glucose unit and one fructose unit, both units are linked by a glycosidic bond.

The hydrolysis of sucrose generates a 1:1 mixture of glucose and fructose.

The glycosidic bond can be exemplified by the central atom of oxygen that connects both monosaccharides in the sucrose molecule.

Sucrase is an enzyme that binds to sucrose and catalyzes its hydrolysis to produce glucose and fructose.

In conclusion, the elephant gets OXYGEN when the bond is broken in sucrose.

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Which of the following is Bernoulli's principle?
1. As the speed of a moving fluid increases the pressure within the fluid decreases.
2. As the speed of a moving fluid decreases the pressure within the fluid increases.
3. As the speed of a moving fluid increases the pressure within the fluid increases.
4. As the speed of a moving fluid decreases the pressure within the fluid decreases.

Answers

Answer:

1. As the speed of a moving fluid increases the pressure within the fluid decreases.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

The Bernoulli's principle is applied when the speed of a moving fluid increases as the pressure within the fluid decreases. Thus, the correct option is 1.

What is Bernoulli's Principle?

The inverse relationship between pressure and speed at a point in any fluid is called Bernoulli's principle. Bernoulli's principle states that "At points along a horizontal streamline, higher pressure regions have lower fluid speed and lower pressure regions have higher fluid speed".

Bernoulli's principle is based on the law of conservation of energy. The total energy (pressure energy, potential energy and kinetic energy) of a flowing liquid under constant pressure at different points differ.

Therefore, the correct option is 1. With the increase in speed, the pressure within the fluid decreases.

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Optic nerves travel through the
to ensure that visual signals go to each hemisphere of the brain.
A. optic channel
B. occipital lobe
C. optic chiasm
D. thalamus

Answers

Answer:

The answer is C. Optic Chiasm

Explanation:

pls Mark Brainliest

Answer:

optic chiasm

Explanation:

C on edge.

Energy can be measured in calories, 1,000 calories is called a kilocalorie (kcal),
If the producers have 10,000 kcal of energy and 10% is transferred to the primary
consumers, how much energy is transferred?

100 kcal
1,000 kcal
10 kcal
Plz help me which one is it!!!!!

Answers

Answer: 1,000kcal

10% of 10,000 is 1,000.

The amount of energy transferred if 10% is transferred to the primary  consumers is 1000kcal

Given the following parameters

Amount of kcal the producer have = 10,000kCal

Percentage transferred to the primary consumers = 10% of the amount produced

Get the amount of energy transferred;

[tex]Energy \ transferred = \frac{10}{100} \times 10,000\\ Energy \ transferred =0.1 \times 10,000\\Energy \ transferred =\frac{10,000}{10}\\Energy \ transferred =1000kcal[/tex]

Hence the amount of energy transferred if 10% is transferred to the primary consumers is 1000kcal.

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What are the five categories of adaptations?

Answers

Migration, hibernation, dormancy, camouflage, estivation ( aestivation)

The five categories of adaptations are migration, hibernation, dormancy, camouflage, astivation.

What is migration?

The term migration has been defined as when the birds, animals, or human beings leaves the native place and move towards a new place due to weather or other physical condition is known as migration. Generally, when it is too much cold the birds of that particular area migrated to the place where they found suitable temperature for their survival.

The stage of dormancy is the stage when seed gets closed and not able to germinate as it closes its outer wall. The term hibernation is defined as the particular time period in which the organism hybernate himself for a period of time when the weather or the outer environment is not safe, or fit for his survival.Generally, when it is too much cold the birds of that particular area migrated to the place where they found suitable temperature for their survival.

Therefore, The five categories of adaptations are migration, hibernation, dormancy, camouflage, astivation.

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The Gulf Stream is a surface current in the Atlantic Ocean that flows northward from the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It feeds another current that reaches northern Europe. Which of these events would cause the greatest changes to the path and strength of the Gulf Stream?(please help)


A. a strong earthquake that occurs on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean

B. an increase in the volume of river water that flows into the Gulf of Mexico

C. a reversal of direction in the prevailing winds over the Atlantic Ocean

D. a slight increase in the salinity of the Atlantic Ocean

Answers

Answer:

It constitutes the northeastward extension of the Gulf Stream; the latter issues from the Gulf of Mexico and gradually emerges as the North Atlantic Current in mid-ocean. It is composed of several broad currents with speeds of about 0.2 knots, as compared with the Gulf Stream's rather concentrated flow at 1 to 6 knots.

Explanation:

Answer:

B. an increase in the volume of river water that flows into the Gulf of Mexico

Nitrogen is included in the
makeup of proteins and
nucleic acids. Also, it is often
the limiting nutrient for what
type of organism?

Answers

Despite its abundance in the atmosphere, nitrogen is often the most limiting nutrient for plant growth.

asap!!! A researcher illuminated a filament of cyanobacteria with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of cyanobacteria to different wavelengths of light. He found that the bacteria in the green light changed in color from green to red after multiple weeks of exposure but were still reproducing at the same rate. What can you conclude about the change in pigmentation of the cyanobacteria exposed to green light?

1.) More chlorophyll a was produced in response to the green light exposure

2.) The cyanobacteria were dying and were changing color in response

3.) Red light instead of green light was being absorbed by the chloroplasts

4.) More red photosynthesis pigments were produced to absorb green light

Answers

Answer:

#4.. More red photosynthesis pigments were produced to absorb green light

Chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins, as well as additional classes like scytonemin, which are more focused on cyanobacterial cells' protection, are the three main classes of photosynthetic pigments that stand out in cyanobacteria. Thus, option D is correct.

What are the characteristics of cyanobacteria?

Many plants depend on cyanobacteria for their wellbeing and development.

Being able to transform inert atmospheric nitrogen into an organic form, like nitrate or ammonia, makes them one of the very few types of organisms that can do so.

Cyanobacteria are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that are classified as bacteria.

They were once known as blue-green algae. Since dense growths frequently color water green, blue-green, or brownish-green, they were previously referred to as blue-green algae.

Therefore, More red photosynthesis pigments were produced to absorb green light.

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PLEASE HELP!!!

Which of the following is true of enzymes? Select all that apply.
A: Enzymes create an environment in which there is an increased amount of energy required for a reaction to take place.
B: Enzymes withstand any permanent change during a reaction.
C: Enzymes slow down biochemical reactions.
D: Enzymes act as biological catalysts.
E: Enzymes lower activation energy.

Answers

The answer is B, D, and E.

An astronaut leaves Earth's surface and begins orbiting Earth. How will his departure from Earth affect his mass and weight?
A:His mass and weight will remain constant.
B:His mass will increase; his weight will decrease.
C:His mass will decrease; his weight will increase.
D:His mass will remain constant; his weight will decrease.

Answers

Mass– the amount of matter than an object is made of. Mass does not change with gravity. Weight– the amount of gravity acting on (pulling down on) an object (or mass). ... Earth's gravity pulls us and all objects downwards towards its center.

His departure from Earth  will affect his mass and weight by the mass

remaining constant and his weight decreasing.

Gravitational force is present on earth's surface and is responsible for

pulling bodies towards each other. It is also responsible for objects falling to

the ground thereby making them remain there.

Weight is calculated by mass multiplied with gravitational force. The

gravitational force on  a body decreases with increase in altitude which is

why mass remains constant and his weight decreases.

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ASAP PLEASE!

What substances are used up as the reactants in cellular respiration?

O2 and C6H12O6
O2 and H2O
CO2 and H20
CO2 and C6H12O6

Answers

Answer:

Cellular Respiration reactants are glucose and oxygen.

Explanation:

Analyze the diagram below. Which of the terms best describes it?

Answers

Answer:

disaccharides

Explanation:

they are formed by linking 2 monosaccharides through condensation

monosaccharides are simple sugars or glucose

Disaccharides are those types of carbohydrates that, when hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes, produce two molecules of monosaccharides that may or may not be identical. Thus, option A is correct.

What is important in formation of disaccharides?

Mono- and disaccharides, sometimes known as sugars, make up a significant portion of the carbohydrates included in food.

Disaccharides function similarly to other carbohydrates as a source of energy for the body.

When we consume foods containing disaccharides, our systems convert them into monosaccharides, or simple sugars, for absorption in the small intestine.

This condensation process is also referred to as a dehydration reaction, since a water molecule is released during this process.

Therefore, disaccharide is formed from monomeric subunits.

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When observing a specimen under medium power, which adjustment knob should be used to focus the image? Why?

Answers

Answer:

The coarse adjustment knob should only be used with the lowest power objective lens. Once it is in focus, you will only need to use the fine focus. Using the coarse focus with higher lenses may result in crashing the lens into the slide.

Explanation:

__ used to help substances enter or exit the cell membrane

Answers

Answer:

Transport Protein

Explanation:

This is used to help substances enter or exit the cell membrane.

A tactic used long ago by conquering nations on those they sought to control was to
invade the land and salt the fields. What were they hoping to accomplish by doing
this?

Answers

Answer:

I don't know this answer sorry dear

Explanation:

hope other wilp help you soon

The invading nations aimed to devastate the agricultural productivity and food supply of the local population.

Salting the fields was a deliberate act of agricultural sabotage with long-lasting consequences. The process involved spreading large amounts of salt over the farmland, which effectively rendered the soil infertile, inhibiting the growth of crops and making it nearly impossible to cultivate food. This strategy was particularly effective in ancient times when agriculture was the primary means of subsistence.

The devastation caused by salting the fields not only impacted the present generation but also affected future generations as the soil remained barren and required significant efforts to be reclaimed for agricultural use. This tactic was not only meant to suppress immediate resistance but also to instill fear and discourage other potential adversaries from rebelling against the invading nation.

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Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between energy and nutrients in an ecosystem?


a. Energy and nutrients flow
b. Energy and nutrients cycle
c. Energy flows and nutrients cycle
d. Energy cycles and nutrients flow

Answers

A Nutrients move through the ecosystem in biogeochemical cycles. A

1. The human body maintains a constant internal temperature of 98.2F - 98.8F What changes occur
when the hypothalamus detects a temperature of 95F? Is this a negative or positive feedback?

Answers

Body temperature is regulated by negative feedback. The stimulus is when the body temperature exceeds 37 degrees Celsius, the sensors are the nerve cells with endings in the skin and brain, the control is the temperature regulatory center in the brain, and the effector is the sweat glands throughout the body.

How does high specific heat help aquatic organisms?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Due to its high heat capacity, water is used by warm blooded animals to more evenly disperse heat in their bodies; it acts in a similar manner to a car's cooling system, transporting heat from warm places to cool places, causing the body to maintain a more even temperature.

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what is one way in which the mongal political structure changed when they ruled china In Mexican high schools, the extracurricular activities fall into each of these categories EXCEPT: A. community serviceB. competitive sportsC. educational activitiesD. excursions The following model is a simplified version of the multiple regression model used by Biddle and Hamermesh (1990) to study the tradeoff between time spent sleeping and working and to look at other factors affecting sleep:sleep = 0 + 1totwrk + 2educ + 3age + u,where sleep and totwrk (total work) are measured in minutes per week and educ and age are measured in years. (See also Computer Exercise.)(i) If adults trade off sleep for work, what is the sign of 1?(ii) What signs do you think 2 and 3 will have?(iii) Using the data in SLEEP75.RAW, the estimated equation is= 3,638.25 - .148 totwrk - 11.13 educ + 2.20 age n = 706, R2 = .113.If someone works five more hours per week, by how many minutes is sleep predicted to fall? Is this a large tradeoff?(iv) Discuss the sign and magnitude of the estimated coefficient on educ.(v) Would you say totwrk, educ, and age explain much of the variation in sleep? What other factors might affect the time spent sleeping? Are these likely to be correlated with totwrk?Use the data in SLEEP75.RAW from Biddle and Hamermesh (1990) to study whether there is a tradeoff between the time spent sleeping per week and the time spent in paid work. We could use either variable as the dependent variable. For concreteness, estimate the modelsleep =0+ 1totwrk+u, where sleep is minutes spent sleeping at night per week and totwrk is total minutes worked during the week.(i) Report your results in equation form along with the number of observations and R2. What does the intercept in this equation mean?(ii) If totwrk increases by 2 hours, by how much is sleep estimated to fall? Do you find this to be a large effect? 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Indirect calorimetry is not available to determine John's energy requirements, so we must usethe Ireton-Jones Energy Expenditure Equation. Calculate energy requirements for John usingIreton-Jones Energy Expenditure Equation. Show calculations. Keep in mind all the factors thatare in John's case (ventilator dependent, weight, age, gender, trauma present).4. Calculate a range of protein requirements for John. Show calculations.5. John is having trouble consuming foods orally, but his GI system is functional. Name the type of nutrient delivery you believe John needs. Why is this delivery method suited for John?