50 POINTS!! CAN SOMEONE PLEASEEEE HELP ME do this for my chemistry class please i need it done asap!! to give me the answers your probably going to have to write it on paper then attach the picture to your answer!! thank you so much!! <3

The dot structure for carbon dioxide (CO2) represents the arrangement of its constituent atoms and their valence electrons. Carbon dioxide is a linear molecule with the carbon atom in the center and two oxygen atoms attached to it.

To draw the dot structure for CO2, you first need to know the number of valence electrons for each atom. Carbon has four valence electrons, and each oxygen atom has six valence electrons. This gives a total of 16 valence electrons for CO2.

The dot structure is drawn by placing the atoms in the correct positions and then drawing single bonds between the carbon atom and each oxygen atom. The remaining valence electrons are then placed as lone pairs on the oxygen atoms to complete their octets.

It is important to follow the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration of eight electrons in their outermost shell. In the case of CO2, each atom has a full octet, making the molecule stable.

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The Arrhenius equation gives the relationship between the activation energy and rate of the reaction. In the plot of lnK vs 1/T, the slope is equal to - Eₐ/R. The correct option is D.

According to Arrhenius equation, lower the activation energy of a reaction, the higher is the rate of the reaction. The equation can be represented as:

[tex]k = A. e^{-}^{E_{a} } / RT[/tex]

Here 'T' is the temperature in Kelvin, 'k' is the rate constant, 'A' is the frequency factor or pre-exponential factor and it is the characteristic constant for a particular reaction. Eₐ is the activation energy and R is the gas constant.

The slope of lnk vs 1/T is - Eₐ / R.

Thus the correct option is D.

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The process of sublimation occurs when a solid transitions straight to a gas state.

Gas is a state of matter distinguished by its widely separated, quickly moving, and haphazardly ordered particle structure. The gaseous state, in which gases are substances, is one of the three fundamental states of matter. Gases are highly compressible and have extraordinarily large intermolecular distances.

Other than being in solids and liquids, matter can also exist in the physical form of gases. Every gas has a weight. In contrast to liquids or solids, gases will fill the entire container in which they are contained.

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Therefore, 50 mL of distilled water must be added to 0.5 mL of 0.1 M FeCl₃ to make it 0.001 M FeCl₃.

Distilled water is a type of purified water that has gone through a process of distillation, which involves boiling water and then condensing the steam into a separate container. This process removes impurities and minerals from the water, resulting in a very pure form of water. Distilled water is often used in laboratory experiments and medical procedures where purity is important. It can also be used in household appliances, such as irons and humidifiers, to prevent mineral buildup that can lead to damage or decreased performance.

Here,

To calculate the amount of distilled water that must be added to 0.5 mL of 0.1 M FeCl₃ to make it 0.001 M FeCl₃, we can use the dilution formula:

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

We can rearrange this formula to solve for V2, which represents the volume of water that must be added:

V2 = (M1 x V1) / M2

Plugging in the values we have:

M1 = 0.1 M (the initial concentration)

V1 = 0.5 mL (the initial volume)

M2 = 0.001 M (the final concentration)

V2 = unknown (the volume of water to be added)

V2 = (0.1 M x 0.5 mL) / 0.001 M

V2 = 50 mL

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The substantial quantity of energy needed today places a constraint on the industrial manufacturing of fertilizers containing nitrogen.

The majority of the nitrogen, which makes up 78% of such air we breathe, is assumed to have been ultimately trapped in the pieces of primordial debris that formed early Earth. They formed as a result of their collision, and ever since then, their nutrient content has been leaking out along the melted cracks in the planet's crust.

The primary nitrogen source used in natural and anthropogenic sources is the combustion of natural fuels like coal and oil. Nitrogen may be deposited in the atmosphere as dry particulate, gases, and droplets or as a wet form such as rain, ice, hail, fog, & freezing rain.

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Mineral nanoparticles in sunscreens protect from UV radiation by scattering incoming UV light and the correct option is option A.

A nanoparticle is a small particle that ranges between 1 to 100 nanometres in size. Undetectable by the human eye, nanoparticles can exhibit significantly different physical and chemical properties to their larger material counterparts.

Nanoparticles have a very large surface area to volume ratio when compared to bulk material, such as powders, plate and sheet.

This feature enables nanoparticles to possess unexpected optical, physical and chemical properties, as they are small enough to confine their electrons and produce quantum effects.

Protective properties of sunscreens work on the basis of absorption and scattering of incident radiation by their ingredients (UV filters). These chemical and physical compounds are organic molecules that absorb UV light and mineral nanoparticles that exhibit absorbing and scattering properties, respectively.

Therefore, mineral nanoparticles in sunscreens protect from UV radiation by scattering incoming UV light and the correct option is option A.

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The streak test involves determining the color of the powder produced by rubbing a mineral against an unglazed porcelain plate. Therefore, the answer is (C) the color of the powder a mineral makes.

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a crystalline structure. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks, and they form through a variety of geological processes, such as cooling and solidification of magma, precipitation from hot water solutions, and alteration by pressure and heat. There are thousands of different minerals, each with its own unique properties and characteristics. Some minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, are very common in the Earth's crust, while others, such as diamond and gold, are rare and highly valued.

Here,

This test can be useful in mineral identification because some minerals may have a different color streak than their outward appearance, due to variations in the composition of the mineral. For example, hematite, which is commonly a dark gray or black color, produces a reddish-brown streak. Similarly, pyrite, which is often a brassy yellow color, produces a greenish-black streak. By performing a streak test, the student can gather more information about the mineral and use that information to help identify it.

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Laboratory safety rules are very important to follow in order to prevent accidents, injuries, and damage to equipment.

Here are 10 laboratory safety rules that are commonly emphasized: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as lab coats, safety glasses, gloves, and closed-toe shoes.

Follow all laboratory procedures and instructions provided by your teacher or supervisor.

Read the labels and safety data sheets (SDS) for all chemicals before using them and follow the precautions and handling procedures described.

Handle and dispose of chemicals and hazardous materials safely and appropriately.

Do not eat, drink, or chew gum in the laboratory.

Keep the laboratory clean and organized, and avoid clutter and unnecessary items on your workspace.

Never work alone in the laboratory. Always have a supervisor or partner present.

Use all laboratory equipment carefully and properly. Make sure you are trained and authorized to use any equipment before attempting to do so.

Report any accidents, spills, injuries, or other safety incidents immediately to your supervisor.

Be alert and attentive in the laboratory, and use common sense to identify and avoid potential hazards.

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Answer:

Use Kinetic Molecular Theory to describe the effect of adding a gas to a container that cannot expand. An increase in the number of gas particles in the container increases the number of collisions with the walls and increases the pressure of the gas. An increase in the number of gas particles in the container decreases the average energy of each particle and decreases the temperature of the gas. An increase in the number of gas particles in the container causes the container to break. An increase in the number of gas particles in the container only increases the number of moles but does not change the behavior of the gas.

According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, when a gas is added to a container that cannot expand, the number of particles in the container increases, which increases the number of collisions between the particles and the walls of the container. This causes an increase in the pressure of the gas. As the number of gas particles increases, the average energy of each particle decreases, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the gas. However, the number of moles of gas remains constant, so the behavior of the gas remains the same.

Answer:

An increase in the number of gas particles in the container increases the number of collisions with the walls and increases the pressure of the gas.

Explanation:

Due to the protons it provided, HCl(g). Due to the fact that it can lose a proton in the opposite process, H3O+ is the conjugate acid of H2O.

Rearranging the atoms and molecules of two or more chemicals when they come into touch with one another, producing the production of one or more new substances. The interaction of two different substances' electrons is what drives chemical reactions.

Chemical reactions entail the formation of new bonds between atoms in the reactant molecules and the breaking of existing links between reactant molecules in the product particles. Both before and after the chemical transition, there were the same number of atoms, but the number of molecules will vary.

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The temperatures 110 and 145 are possible

When two items with different temperatures come in contact with one another, energy moves from the hotter (higher temperature) object to the cooler (lower temperature) object until both objects reach the same temperature.

A point of balance is eventually reached. When this occurs, the temperature of the atoms in both objects is the same since they are moving with the same speed as shown.

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When 12 moles of C3H8 are used in the reaction, 36 moles of CO2 are created.

Every time one mole of C3H8 propane reacts with five moles of oxygen, three moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) and four moles of water (H2O) are produced.

The balanced chemical equation reads as follows: C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

We can observe that 3 moles of CO2 are created for every 1 mole of C3H8 that is used in the process.

We need to carry out a straightforward mole-to-mole conversion to determine how many moles of CO2 are generated when 12 moles of C3H8 are used:

12 moles C3H8 x (1 mole C3H8 / 3 moles CO2) = 36 moles CO2.

As a result, when 12 moles of C3H8 are used in the reaction, 36 moles of CO2 are created.

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K2S is created in a complex by K+ and S2-. Two K+ ions and one S2- ion, for a total of three ions, are present in a single formula unit.

What is an ion?

Any particle or collection of atoms with one or more positive or negative electrical charges is known as an ion. Cations are positively charged ions, and anions are negatively charged ions. Ions are created when neutral atoms, molecules, or other ions have electrons added to them or taken away from them. Ions can also be created when other particles are combined with them, or when a covalent bond between two atoms is broken and both of the bond's electrons are left in association with one of the former bonded atoms. These processes include the addition of a hydrogen cation to an ammonia molecule to create an ammonium cation, the reaction of an atom of sodium with an atom of chlorine to form a sodium cation and a chloride anion, and others.

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We need to add 233.5 grams of NaCl to 1.2 kg of water to create a solution with a freezing point of -6.2 °C.

To solve this problem, we can use the formula for the freezing point depression:

ΔT = K_f * m

where ΔT is the change in freezing point, K_f is the freezing point depression constant (1.86 ºC/m for water), and m is the molality of the solute (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent). We can rearrange this formula to solve for the molality of the solute:

m = ΔT / K_f

We know that the change in freezing point (ΔT) is the difference between the freezing point of pure water (0 ºC) and the freezing point of the solution (-6.2 ºC):

ΔT = 0 ºC - (-6.2 ºC) = 6.2 ºC

Substituting this value and the freezing point depression constant into the formula for molality, we get:

m = 6.2 ºC / 1.86 ºC/m = 3.33 m

Now we need to calculate the amount of NaCl (in grams) that we need to add to 1.2 kg of water to create a solution with a molality of 3.33 m. To do this, we can use the formula for molality:

We know that we have 1.2 kg of solvent (water), so we can rearrange this formula to solve for the moles of solute:

m * kilos of solvent equals moles of solute.

moles of solute = 3.33 m * 1.2 kg = 3.996 moles

Finally, we can use the molar mass of NaCl (58.44 g/mol) to convert moles to grams:

Moles of solute times molar mass Equals mass of NaCl

mass of NaCl = 3.996 moles * 58.44 g/mol = 233.5 g

therefore, we need to add 233.5 grams of NaCl to 1.2 kg of water to create a solution with a freezing point of -6.2 °C.

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Answer: A: Carbonic

Explanation: Quizlet confirmed

There were no matches again for oxidation number of such a phosphorus atom in the formula p4: A. +4 B. +3 D. -3 E. 0 Chemically speaking, phosphorus has the atomic number 15 and the letter P.

A phosphorus atom has fifteen protons. An element can be distinguished from another element by its atom by its atomic number. The amount of protons in the atom's nucleus determines this figure. The nucleus of phosphorus contains 15 protons, as indicated by the element's atomic number, which is 15.

Phosphorus is only found in phosphates, which are compounds made up of a phosphorous element bound to four other elements, in its pure form in nature.

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The formal charge of a nitrogen atom that has no lone pairs and forms two double bonds is +1

The formal charge of an atom is calculated by subtracting the number of lone pair electrons and half the number of bonding electrons from the number of valence electrons.

Nitrogen having atomic number 7 and electronic configuration 1s²2s²2p³ has five valence electrons. If it forms two double bonds, then it is sharing four electrons with each bond, for a total of 8 electrons. This means that nitrogen has lost 3 electrons compared to the neutral atom, due to which it will have a formal charge of +1.

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Option- B : The electron transport chain is considered an aerobic pathway, meaning it requires Oxygen.

Cellular respiration may be divided into two categories: aerobic and anaerobic. One occurs when there is a supply of oxygen (aerobic), whereas the other takes place without the help of oxygen (anaerobic). Both begin with the splitting of glucose during glycolysis. Anaerobic systems, like glycolysis, function with out oxygen that exists.

Oxygen and glucose combine during cellular respiration to create ATP. Byproducts also include release of water and carbon dioxide. The Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis—an anaerobic process—are the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration.

Aerobic refers to the body's use of oxygen to produce energy and implies "with air." Any exercise last more than two minutes generally falls into this group. Aerobic exercise is performed continually in a "steady state." The term anaerobic means "without air."

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The final volume is when  the 400 ml of 0.6 M HCl is diluted to the 0.5 M HCl is 480 mL.

The initial molarity of the solution , M₁ = 0.6 M

The initial volume of the solution, V₁ = 400 mL

The final molarity of the solution, M₂ = 0.5 M

The final volume of the solution, V₂ = ?

The dilution law is expressed as :

M₁ V₁ = M₂ V₂

V₂ = M₁ V₁ / M₂

V₂ = ( 0.6 × 400 ) /0.5

V₂ = 480 mL

Thus, the final volume of the solution is 480 mL with the molarity of the 0.5 M.

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A spectrophotometry experiment involves spectrophotometer, blank solution ,sample solutions and cuvette .

Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength.

This measurement can also be used to measure the amount of a known chemical substance. Spectrophotometry is one of the most useful methods of quantitative analysis in various fields such as chemistry, physics, biochemistry, material and chemical engineering and clinical applications.

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We should read volumes at the bottom of a meniscus because it allows us to get better and accurate result.

Generally the curve present in chemical apparatus is known as a meniscus. Basically, the graduated cylinder is calibrated so that reading the bottom of the meniscus, when it is viewed at eye level, will give best and accurate results. And viewing the meniscus at any other angle than eye level will give inaccurate results.

We should measure so that the line you are reading must stay even with the center of the meniscus. Let's consider an example in water and most other liquids, this is the bottom of the meniscus. But for mercury, take the measurement from the top of the meniscus. In both cases, we are measuring based on the center of the meniscus.

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NH3 or ammonia is a basic substance. By taking a proton (H+) from an acid to create the ammonium ion (NH4+), it can function as a weak base. Ammonia will combine with water molecules in water to generate

Ammonia (NH3), an odourless gas with a wide range of industrial applications, is widely utilised. It is a crucial ingredient in the creation of plastics, cleaning supplies, and fertilisers. In addition to these uses, ammonia is also a refrigerant and is a component in the manufacturing of drugs and explosives. It can accept a proton (H+) from an acid to generate the ammonium ion (NH4+) since it is a basic molecule. Ammonia creates hydroxide and ammonium ions in water, which results in a basic solution. Yet, ammonia is also a hazardous gas that, if handled improperly, may be detrimental to both humans and animals.

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The process that releases energy is "condensation." Condensation is the process by which a gas or vapor changes phase into a liquid when it loses energy (heat).

As the gas molecules lose energy, they move closer together, and intermolecular forces cause them to form a liquid.

During condensation, energy is released into the surrounding environment in the form of heat. This energy is the same as the energy that was added to the substance during the process of evaporation, which is the opposite of condensation.

Freezing and sublimation are processes that require energy input, while evaporation is a process that involves energy absorption or input.

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We do not worry about being constantly bombarded by radio waves, but we guard our exposure to UV radiation their much higher energies cause all kinds of problems because their much higher energies cause all kinds of problems.

The sun and artificial sources, such tanning beds, both emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a kind of non-ionizing radiation. Although it helps humans in certain ways, such as by producing vitamin D, there are also potential health hazards.

We don't mind being surrounded by radio waves almost constantly, but we are very careful about how much gamma, X, and UV radiation we are exposed to because of how their considerably higher energy can mess with our chemistry.

Thus, we do not worry about being constantly bombarded by radio waves, but we guard our exposure to UV radiation.

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High melting points are properties of ionic compounds. An electrically neutral substance made up of positive and negative ions is known as an ionic compound.

A chemical molecule known as an ionic compound in chemistry is one that contains ions held together by the electrostatic forces known as ionic bonding. Despite having both positively and negatively charged ions, or cations and anions, the compound is generally neutral. These can be polyatomic species like the ammonium and carbonate ions in ammonium carbonate or straightforward ions like the sodium and chloride  ions in sodium chloride. Since individual ions in an ionic compound typically have more than one closest neighbor, they are not thought of as belonging to molecules but rather as components of an ongoing three-dimensional network. When solid, ionic substances typically have crystalline structures.

Ionic substances have the qualities listed below:

1. They are brittle and crystalline crystals.

2. Both their melting and boiling temperatures are high.

3. Water can dissolve them.

4. Both in their molten and solution forms, they conduct electricity.

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Answer:

Below

Explanation:

RBC (red blood cell)

The type of container breach that has been documented as causing a BLEVE is runway cracking.

BLEVE stands for Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion. BLEVE generally refers to the failure of a closed container as a result of over pressurization caused by an external heat source. More precisely the major failure of a closed liquid container into two or more pieces when the temperature of the liquid is well above its boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure.

Runway cracking is generally defined as the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Hence, option C is correct.

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In one of the reactions in the electron transport chain, coenzyme Q (i.e., "Q") transfers electrons to Complex III. Complex III is oxidized because it loses electrons, and Q is reduced because it gains electrons. Therefore, option B is correct.

A reaction that happens when an oxidising material and a reducing substance come into contact. In the reaction, the reducing material obtains electrons while the oxidising substance loses electrons.

After obtaining them from several redox enzymes engaged in important metabolic pathways including pyrimidine biosynthesis, a particular route of fatty acids' oxidation, and glucose and fatty acids metabolism, CoQ transfers electrons to Complex III.

Q is reduced because it absorbs electrons, whereas Complex III is oxidized because it loses electrons.

Thus, option B is correct.

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