a biological molecule composed of nucleotide monomers; examples include dna and rna.True/False

Answer:they absorb and hold heat and carbon dioxide

Explanation:

Oceans help reduce the effects of climate change felt on land and in the atmosphere as they absorb and hold heat and carbon dioxide, which is in Option A as the oceans play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change.

Oceans are the largest carbon sink on the planet and absorb a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and the ocean's absorption of carbon dioxide helps to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and regulate climate change.

Hence, oceans help reduce the effects of climate change felt on land and in the atmosphere as they absorb and hold heat and carbon dioxide, which is in Option A.

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The scientific naming system given to living organisms is known as binomial nomenclature. This scientific nomenclature system of classification  gives each organism a genus and species name.

A system is a set of things that are interconnected in a way that leads to recognizable patterns of behavior over time. Systems science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the complexity of systems in nature, society or another discipline.

It is "the art and science of creating complete solutions to complex problems", such as signal processing systems, control systems and communication systems, or other advanced forms of modeling and design in certain engineering fields.

The classification of majors in systems science includes general systems theory, cybernetics, systems engineering, operations research, and systems analysis.

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The macromolecule that runs your body and expresses your traits is Protein.

Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are often found as long polymers in nature. Because of their polymeric nature and their large (sometimes huge!) size, they are classified as macromolecules, big (macro-) molecules made through the joining of smaller subunits.

The traits of a living thing depend on the complex mixture of interacting components inside it. Proteins do much of the chemical work inside cells, so they largely determine what those traits are.

For a gene to be expressed, a protein will bind to the promoter region, telling the cell to transcribe the DNA into RNA. The messenger RNA will go to a ribosome and provide the directions for translation, or making a protein. If for some reason a gene is not expressed, that trait won't show up.

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There are few acetyl molecules attached to the genes associated with histones.

DNA is a very long molecule wrappee around the proteins called histones. The whole unit consisting of 8 histone proteins and DNA strands, or chromatin, wrapped around is what we call a nucleosome. Thus nucelosome is the repeating structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Binding of acetyl groups to the DNA makes it more prone to transcription as the binding is lose. The process of acetyl binding is called acetylation.

When acetyl molecules are attached to the genes associated with the histones, this is termed as histone acetylation. This process results in the charge neutralization and seperation of DNA molecules from the histones. Thus, as a result, the nucelosomal DNA becomes more accessible to the transcription factors.

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Starches are comprised of monosaccharides connected together into polysaccharide chains by a sort of covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond.

The polymers of starches are disaccharides and polysaccharides that have at least two monomers individually. Instances of monosaccharide are glucose, fructose, and galactose, and instances of disaccharides are: sucrose, lactose, and maltose

The name given to the covalent connection between two monosaccharides is a glycosidic bond and glycosidic bond structure between hydroxyl gatherings of two saccharide particles. A polymer is an enormous single chain-like particle in which rehashing units got from little particles assembled monomers are bound. The glycosidic bond is shaped between the anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl gathering of another.

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Punnett squares are used to get probabilities of getting the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a cross. 1) Genotype 1/2 YY: 1/2 Yy. 2) Phenotype: 4/4 Yellow seeds. 3) 100% probabilities of having yellow seeds. 4) 50% probabilities of being homozygous dominant

The Punnett square is a graphic representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.

Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.

In the exposed example, we need to cross an individual who is heterozygous for seed color with another individual who is homozygous for yellow seeds.

Cross: heterozygous with homozygous dominant individuals

Parentals) Yy   x   YY

Gametes) Y   y    Y    Y

Punnett square)   Y      y

                  Y     YY     Yy

                   Y     YY    Yy

F1)

Genotype

Phenotype

100% of the progeny is expected to express yellow seeds.

1) Genotype 1/2 YY: 1/2 Yy.

2) Phenotype: 4/4 Yellow seeds

3) 100% probabilities of having yellow seeds

4) 50% probabilities of being homozygous dominant

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The distensibility of blood vessels is the ability of the walls of the vessels to stretch or expand when filled with blood.

This is a crucial feature of blood vessels because it enables them to adapt to variations in blood volume and pressure and aids in ensuring a constant flow of blood throughout the body.

Blood vessel distensibility is primarily influenced by the elasticity of the vessel walls. The quantity of smooth muscle fibres and the presence of the proteins elastin and collagen in the blood vessel walls affect the blood vessels' flexibility.

The smooth muscle fibres aid in controlling the amount of force applied to the walls, while the elastin and collagen proteins provide the walls their elasticity and capacity to stretch.

The size, shape, and quantity of water and electrolytes in the blood are all factors that affect the distensibility of blood vessels.

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As the temperature was raised, the rate of CO2 production increased.

This is because an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction, which increases the rate of production of CO2. As the temperature increases, the molecules in the reaction move faster, collide more often, and react more quickly, leading to a higher rate of production of CO2.Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring gas that is released into the atmosphere as a result of natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions. However, human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the main sources of increased CO2 production.

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The differences in appearance between different cell types with the same genetic material are due to the differences in gene expression.

Gene expression is the process through which a gene's information is used to create a functioning gene product, allowing it to produce end products like proteins or non-coding RNA and ultimately have an impact on phenotypes.

All cells in an organism contain the same genetic material, which includes the DNA that encodes the instructions for building all the proteins and structures required for cellular function. However, not all of the genes in a given cell are active or expressed at the same time resulting in differences in the appearance and functions of cells.

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The area of the brain that was most likely damaged in a soldier who is unable to speak after a brain injury is:

B) Broca's area.

Broca's area, also known as the motor speech area, is a region of the brain in the frontal lobe that is responsible for speech production. Damage to this area can cause Broca's aphasia, a condition characterised by difficulty producing speech, slow and halting speech, and difficulty forming sentences.

In most people, Broca's area is located in the left hemisphere of the brain and is linked to other areas of the brain involved in language processing, such as Wernicke's area, which is responsible for understanding language.

While the other brain regions mentioned (hippocampus, posterior occipital lobe, and basal nuclei) are important for different functions such as memory formation, vision processing, and movement control, they are not directly involved in speech production.

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B, D, and E are correct concerning the importance of One Health in Global Health.

Global health is a field of health focused on improving the health of people worldwide. It looks at the health of populations and how health systems work, paying special attention to the most vulnerable populations. It examines how global issues such as poverty, disease, environmental degradation, and international conflict affect the health of people. Global health looks at how different cultures and countries approach health, how health problems are addressed, and how health systems are developed, funded, and improved.

Vaccinating humans is more cost-effective for tackling zoonotic diseases such as rabies or MERS-CoV. The One Health approach is key to address Global Health challenges at the human-animal-ecosystem interface such as emerging zoonotic diseases. Epidemiological investigations based on the One Health approach analyse comprehensively the cycle of transmission of an infection to identify the so called weak spot of the system.

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There are multiple ways (portals) for pathogens to enter the body. Indicate which portals of entry are used for the gastrointestinal tract system, Food, liquid, and other ingested substances. . the Correct option C )

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the digestive tract or conduit that connects the mouth to the anus. In humans and other animals, the GI tract encompasses all of the major organs of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

Food is processed in the mouth to extract nutrients and absorb energy, and the waste is ejected as feces at the anus. Gastrointestinal is an adjective that means or refers to the stomach and intestines.

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Full Question: There are multiple ways (portals) for pathogens to enter the body. Indicate which portals of entry are used for the gastrointestinal tract system.

A Lotions, liquids, punctures, and scrapes

B Sexual contact, moisture, punctures, and scrapes

C Food, liquid, and other ingested substances

Answer: The range of different inherited traits within a species : genetic diversity

Explanation: In a species with high genetic diversity, there would be many individuals with a wide variety of different traits. It is very critical for population to adapt  to changing environments.

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Antibodies in the Rh system react the best at 37 ˚C and AHG. Thus, A is the correct option.

Antibodies have optimum temperatures for reactivity. At different phases, the reaction readings can be done. They are after an immediate spin, after incubation at 37° C, and after the addition of antihuman globulin (AHG) and centrifugation.

IgG is a clinically significant antibody which is capable of causing acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR) or hemolytic disease in the newborn (HDN) and reacts best in the AHG phase.

Antibodies that react at 37 ˚C in this phase include strong IgM or IgG antibodies. The tubes are examined for the presence of hemolysis after incubation. Hemolysis can occur If the complement was bound during incubation.

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Despite the fact that Skittles come in a variety of colors and scents, it is not necessary that they all have the same flavor.

There is a lot of discussion online over whether Skittles genuinely have many flavors or whether their color and aroma are deceiving us.

When it comes to tasting the rainbow, we all have our favorite hues. A rational person would naturally order the colors red, green, purple, orange, and yellow from best to worst. Yet some scientists contend that it's all a giant deception by the candy makers. We might be getting ripped off since producing candies with unique colors and scents is less expensive than producing ones with real flavour.

In an effort to understand how the senses interact and influence one another, scientists are now studying the phenomena.

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Sympatric speciation can occur in a single generation.

Sympatric speciation is a type of speciation where new species arise from a single ancestral species within the same geographic area, without physical barriers to gene flow. This process can occur through various mechanisms such as polyploidy or ecological specialization.

The correct statement suggests that sympatric speciation can occur rapidly, through a single reproductive event that results in the formation of a new species. This is possible when a genetic mutation or hybridization event leads to a reproductive barrier between individuals within a single population, allowing them to evolve separately from each other.

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Complete ques is:

Select the correct statement describing sympatric speciation.

Sympatric speciation can occur in a single generation.

Sympatric speciation is always initiated by geographic isolation of two populations.

Sympatric speciation has never been observed in nature.

Answer is Sympatric speciation can occur in a single generation.

The 18 hours are needed for the bacteria are growing exponentially in an environment of unlimited space and food.

What is bacteria?

The smallest single-celled living things are called bacteria. Bacteria come in millions of distinct varieties. There are numerous things in and on your body that are good for you. Your microbiome, which is made up of these microorganisms, maintains the health of your body.

What is heterotrophic ?

A heterotroph is a living thing that consumes the nutrients and energy found in other plants or animals. The word is derived from the Greek terms "nourishment" and "other" in the phrase "heterotrophia."

Therefore, 18 hours are needed for the bacteria are growing exponentially in an environment of unlimited space and food.

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The purpose of a drug ad placed by a drug company that mentions a medical condition, but not a drug name is the drug company hopes people will demand that the government spend money on research for the condition.

The goal is to get people to ask their doctor about drugs that might treat a condition. The purpose is for people to join an organization that works to help the condition. The main purpose is to increase people's awareness of a medical condition.​

The Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act was created to make it illegal to consume, possess, or deal in drugs as well as to engage in certain activities related to their production or supply.

Therefore, The purpose of a drug ad placed by a drug company that mentions a medical condition.

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The body-scaling effect is a phenomenon in which our own body, whether actual or virtual, alters how we perceive sizes and distances.

Allometry is a well-known study, particularly in statistical shape analysis for its theoretical advancements and in biology for practical applications to the differential growth rates of the bodily sections of a living organism.

One use is in the study of many insect species (for example, Hercules beetles), where a modest change in overall body size can result in a massive and disproportionate increase in the dimensions of appendages such as legs, antennae, or horns.

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In healthy cells, cytochrome c (Cyst c) is found in the intermembrane/intercriteria regions of the mitochondria, where it interacts with cardiolipin and serves as an electron shuttle in the respiratory chain (CL).

Throughout many domains of life, there are proteins that include mitochondrial-type cytochrome c domains, which are described here as protein domains with the mitochondrial cytochrome c structure. These proteins are crucial for many different metabolic pathways.

The mitochondria are where cytochrome c is found in normal circumstances. The non-inflammatory process of apoptosis is induced when cytochrome c is released into the cytoplasm, but it may cause inflammation if it is translocated into the extracellular space.

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You'll find that most caviar will have a slight saltiness accompanied by a mild fishy taste. As expected, the taste of caviar tends to resemble ocean water. Besides a mild and fresh taste, quality caviar will also have an unexpected buttery richness that delights the tastebuds.

The roe variety includes caviar. The term "roe" refers to fish's unfertilized eggs, which are among the most scrumptious, intriguing, and beautiful fish eggs in existence. Mother of pearl serving spoons are a wonderful alternative to metal serving spoons, which are known to taint the taste, and are frequently used to serve caviar in a dish on top of a bed of crushed ice.

It's customary to let diners serve themselves caviar from a tray onto toast points and Russian pancakes, called blini. Other toppings like onion, chives, and crème fraiche are frequently served with them.

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Xenobiotics with low molecular weight are often eliminated from the body by renal excretion, which means they are filtered through the kidneys and eliminated in the urine.

During renal excretion, the xenobiotics are transported from the blood into the kidneys by active or passive transport mechanisms, and then filtered through the glomerulus into the tubular system of the nephron. Subsequently, some of the xenobiotics can be reabsorbed into the blood via the renal tubular cells, but others are eliminated in the urine.

Xenobiotics with low molecular weight, such as some drugs, toxins, and environmental pollutants, can also be eliminated through other routes, such as biliary excretion, which involves secretion of the xenobiotic into the bile and subsequent elimination in the feces.

Additionally, some xenobiotics may be eliminated through the lungs via exhalation, or through the skin via sweat or sebum secretion. The specific route of elimination depends on the chemical and physical properties of the xenobiotic, as well as the individual's physiological state and metabolism.

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The concentration of chloroplasts around the periphery of the cell is thought to be related to the way in which they capture light energy for photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts contain pigments called chlorophylls, which are responsible for absorbing light energy. To maximize their ability to capture light, chloroplasts are usually found in the outer regions of the cell, where they are more likely to be exposed to sunlight.

In addition, the placement of chloroplasts around the cell's periphery may also help to facilitate the movement of materials within the cell. Chloroplasts are responsible for producing sugars through photosynthesis, and these sugars must be transported to other parts of the cell for use. By being located around the cell's periphery, chloroplasts may be more easily able to transfer their products to neighboring cells or tissues.

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Events that does not occur in the nucleus of human cells is D. splicing of exons , splicing of exons can continue in the cytoplasm after mRNA export.

In general , the splicing of exons will continue inside the cytoplasm after mRNA export, also most of the splicing occurs in the nucleus during mRNA processing.

While other two events - 5' cap addition and poly-A tail additions also takes place in the nucleus as part of the mRNA processing pathway, while excision of introns is another term for splicing, is considered as a nuclear event. Translation is the mRNA processing event that does not occur in the nucleus of human cells.

Hence, D is the correct option

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Chronic glomerulonephritis is a chronic kidney disease characterized by inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, which are the tiny filters in the kidneys that help filter waste from the blood.

The most common finding in chronic glomerulonephritis is a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to the decreased number of functioning glomeruli. Other typical findings include proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension. Proteinuria is an increased amount of protein in the urine, hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine, and hypertension is an increased blood pressure. These findings can be further confirmed by a biopsy of the kidney, which may show evidence of inflammation and scarring of the glomeruli.

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The phrase "biodiversity" refers to the quantity and variety in species found in a given location.

Contrarily, interspecies biodiversity is the variety of life forms among themselves, including their diversity in terms of both quantity and variety as well as relative importance. The variety of creatures, plants, fungi, or even organisms such bacteria that cause up our natural environment are all included in what is known as biodiversity. The phrase "biodiversity" refers to the quantity and variety in species found in a given location. Biodiversity, often known as biological diversity, refers to the range of life that can be found on Earth, or frequently, the whole range of life. The number of species is a frequent indicator of this variability, which is known as species richness.

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The external occipital protuberance is a bony protrusion or bump located on the back of the skull, near the base of the skull where it meets the neck. It is also known as the external occipital protuberance or inion.

The external occipital protuberance is a point of attachment for various muscles and ligaments that are involved in neck and head movements. It is more prominent in some individuals than others and can vary in size and shape.

In addition to its biomechanical function, the external occipital protuberance can also be used as a landmark for medical imaging and surgery, as it can be easily palpated and identified on the surface of the skin.

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No, by injecting insulin, the blood sugar levels will drop down dramatically.

If you've got got kind 1 or kind 2 diabetes and want insulin to govern your blood sugar, taking greater insulin than you want can reason your blood sugar stage to drop too low and bring about hypoglycemia. Hypoglycaemia, from any cause, of any severity or length can also additionally mimic ischaemic stroke neurologically and on CT or MR mind imaging. Severe hypoglycemia can arise in humans with diabetes who're taking insulin and sure diabetes medications, or adjustments in normal health. For example: Eating much less than the same old amount. Skipping a meal.

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The flippers of dorudon are homologous to the front legs of land mammals. Artiodactyls are even-toed ungulates that include hippopotamuses, deer, giraffes, llamas, camels, pigs, cows, sheep, and goats.

Pakicetus and other early whales were normal terrestrial creatures. They possessed tall heads and big fangs, which they could use to consume meat. They don't resemble whales at all from the exterior. Their skulls, however, resemble those of live whales and are unlike those of any other animal, notably in the inner ear area, which is encircled by a bone wall.

Frequently, seemingly modest characteristics provide vital evidence to link creatures with highly specialized lives (such as whales) with their less extreme-looking ancestors.

Ambulocetus appears to have enjoyed a more aquatic existence than other early whales such as Indohyus and Pakicetus. It has shorter legs and bigger hands and feet resembling paddles. It has a longer tail.

The theory that Ambulocetus had an aquatic existence is further supported by stratigraphic data — Ambulocetus's fossils were collected within strata that most likely represented an old estuary — and oxygen isotopes in its bones. Animals are what they eat and drink, and the oxygen isotope ratios in saltwater and freshwater differ.

This implies that by researching the isotopes absorbed into an animal's bones and teeth as it developed, we may learn about the type of water it drank. Ambulocetus drank both saltwater and freshwater, according to the isotopes, which fits nicely with the hypothesis that these creatures lived in estuaries or bays between freshwater and the open ocean.

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Confrontation with a friend is not an example of external noise.

External noise is defined as any sound that originates outside of a person's body and interferes with their capacity to hear or interpret other sounds or information. These external sounds are frequently unwelcome and can distract or interfere with a person's ability to focus or communicate successfully.

Environmental sounds such as traffic noise, construction noise, aeroplane noise, neighbourhood noises such as dogs barking or people singing loudly are examples of external noise, as are any other sounds that come from outside the person's body and can interfere with their ability to concentrate or communicate.

A confrontation with a buddy, on the other hand, is a social encounter that involves dialogue between two people. There are no external sounds to distract or interfere with dialogue. While a conflict might be distracting or stressful, it is not considered external noise because it does not originate in the individual's surroundings.

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