Answer:
Ernest Rutherford used alpha particles in his famous gold foil experiment to test the Plum Pudding Model of atomic structure because they have a high energy and a large mass.
The Plum Pudding Model proposed by J.J. Thomson suggested that atoms consisted of a uniform, positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, much like plums in a pudding. However, Rutherford's observations of the scattering of alpha particles as they passed through the gold foil showed that the Plum Pudding Model was incorrect.
When Rutherford directed a beam of alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil, he expected the alpha particles to pass straight through or be slightly deflected by the electrons in the gold atoms. However, he observed that a small fraction of the alpha particles were deflected at large angles or even bounced back in the direction from which they came. This could only be explained if the mass of the atom was concentrated in a small, positively charged nucleus at the center, surrounded by mostly empty space.
The reason that Rutherford used alpha particles in his experiment was because their high energy and large mass allowed them to penetrate the atoms of the gold foil and interact with the positively charged nucleus, revealing its presence and disproving the Plum Pudding Model.
Explanation:
Answer:
Rutherfords gold foil experiment involved sending positively charged alpha particles through a thin sheet of gold foil and defecting if there was any deflection of the particles. He found that most passed straight through yet some particles showed some deflection. This result contradicts the plum-pudding model of the atom because the plum pudding model does not explain the deflection of alpha particles.
Explanation:
Alpha particles are positive, so they might be repelled by any areas of positive charge inside the gold atoms. Assuming a plum pudding model of the atom, Rutherford predicted that the areas of positive charge in the gold atoms would deflect, or bend, the path of all the alpha particles as they passed through.
devise a synthesis of ch3ch2ch2cho from two-carbon starting materials. be sure to answer all parts.
The synthesis of CH3CH2CH2CHO from two-carbon starting materials involves the formation of acetylene from calcium carbide and water, followed by hydrogenation to form ethane.
What happens in a chlorination reaction?A chlorination reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more chlorine atoms are introduced into a molecule, either in place of another atom or as an addition to the molecule. The general equation for a substitution chlorination reaction is:
RH + Cl2 -> RCl + HCl
One possible synthesis of CH3CH2CH2CHO, also known as butanal, from two-carbon starting materials is:
Step 1: Formation of acetylene (C2H2) from calcium carbide and water.
CaC2 + 2H2O -> C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
Step 2: Hydrogenation of acetylene to form ethane (C2H6).
C2H2 + 2H2 -> C2H6
Step 3: Reaction of ethane with chlorine (Cl2) to form 1-chloroethane (C2H5Cl).
C2H6 + Cl2 -> C2H5Cl + HCl
Step 4: Reaction of 1-chloroethane with sodium cyanide (NaCN) to form 1-cyanopropane (C3H7CN).
C2H5Cl + NaCN -> C3H7CN + NaCl
Step 5: Hydrolysis of 1-cyanopropane to form butanal (CH3CH2CH2CHO).
C3H7CN + 2H2O -> CH3CH2CH2CHO + NH3
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What intermolecular forces are present in both molecules of CH₃CH₂OH and CH₃CH₂NH₂?
A) Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.
B) Dipole-dipole forces only.
C) Dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding.
D) Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces
Both the molecules of CH3CH2OH and CH3CH2NH2 exhibit dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
What kinds of forces are available between two CF3CF3 molecules?Because dispersion forces exist between every molecule, two CF3CF3 molecules will have them. Due to the non-polar nature of this molecule, dipole-dipole interactions are not possible.
What kind of forces exist between H2O and CH3CH2OH?Due to the existence of H atoms bound to electronegative O atoms, CH3CH2OH and H2O exhibit powerful intermolecular H-bonds. They have greater boiling points as a result. With two H atoms and two lone pairs on O that can form H bonds, water can form an average of four H bonds per molecule.
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why is iodide a stronger reducing agent than bromide
Iodine is not as effective an oxidizer as bromine. In order to produce iodine, bromine can strip iodide ions of their electrons, and the iodine cannot recover its electrons from the resulting bromide ions.
Sulfuric acid concentration working as an oxidizing agent
containing chloride or fluorine
The oxidizing power of concentrated sulfuric acid is insufficient to oxidize fluorine or chloride. Only the steamy vapors of the hydrogen halide—hydrogen fluoride or hydrogen chloride—are generated in those circumstances. Fluoride and chloride are not powerful enough reducing agents to decrease sulfuric acid in terms of the halide ions. For iodides and bromides, this is not the situation.
with bromine
Sulfuric acid can be reduced by bromide because it is a powerful reducing substance. In the procedure, bromine is produced from bromide.
The oxidation state of sulfur changes from +6 to +4 when bromide converts sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide gas.
In actuality, the steamy hydrogen bromide fumes tainted with brown bromine vapor serve as evidence of this interaction. Since sulfur dioxide is an invisible vapor, it is impossible to see it.
Using iodide
Iodide is a more potent reduction agent than bromide, and sulfuric acid converts it to iodine.
Sulfuric acid reduction is trickier than bromine reduction. It can be lowered in three stages using iodide.
(Sulfur oxidation state = +4) sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide
pure sulfur to sulfur dioxide (oxidation state = 0)
hydrogen sulfide from sulfur (sulfur oxidation state = -2).
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Heat of combustion chemistry
The heat of combustion per gram of candle for each trial is:
Trial 1: Heat of combustion per gram = 30.8 kJ/gTrial 2: Heat of combustion per gram = 30.8 kJ/gTrial 3: Heat of combustion per gram = 26.4 kJ/gWhat is the heat of combustion per gram of candle for the trials?To calculate the heat of combustion per gram of candle for each trial, we use the formula below:
Heat absorbed, Q = mcΔT
where;
m is the mass of waterc is the specific heat capacity of water (4.184 J/g·°C)ΔT is the temperature changeSince the density of water is 1 g/mL, the volume of water = mass of water
Trial 1:
mass of candle burnt = 0.12 g
temperature change of water = 8.1° C
volume of water = 99.9 mL
Q = 99.9 * 4.184 * 8.1
Q = 3390 J or 3.39 kJ
The heat of combustion per gram = 3.39/0.12
The heat of combustion per gram = 28.3 kJ/g
Trial 2:
mass of candle burnt = 0.11 g
temperature change of water = 8.1° C
volume of water = 100 mL
Q = 100 * 4.184 * 8.1
Q = 3390 J or 3.39 kJ
The heat of combustion per gram = 3.39/0.11
The heat of combustion per gram = 30.8 kJ/g
Trial 3:
mass of candle burnt = 0.13 g
temperature change of water = 8.2° C
volume of water = 100.1 mL
Q = 100.1 * 4.184 * 8.2
Q = 3430 J or 3.43 kJ
The heat of combustion per gram = 3.43/0.11
The heat of combustion per gram = 26.4 kJ/g
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f the reactants of a chemical reaction contain three total carbon atoms, what must be true of the products?
If the reactants of a chemical reaction contain three total carbon atoms the products of the chemical equation will have 3 carbon atoms.
Since matter cannot be created or destroyed, the rule of conservation of mass states that no matter is synthesized or degraded during a chemical reaction. It is only transformable.
As a result, atoms are preserved in chemical reactions. This means that the elements that are forming a compound in a specific ratio will reorganize to create new compounds with the same number and kind of atoms as the reactants.
In conclusion, if a molecular equation's reactants contain 3 carbon atoms, 6 oxygen atoms, and 4 hydrogen atoms, its products will also contain 3 carbon atoms, 6 oxygen atoms, and 4 hydrogen atoms.
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The complete question is:
If the reactants of a chemical equation have 3 carbon atoms, 6 oxygen atoms, and 4 hydrogen atoms. In order to follow the conservation of matter, the products of the chemical equation will have
the aggregation of nonpolar molecules or groups in water occurs because of
Nonpolar molecules are compressed together because they are hydrophobic and do not readily dissolve in water. The water-repellent portions of the molecules are how cells construct their membranes.
What components make up molecules?
Groups of atoms make up molecules. When describing an atom's structure, it is also broken into smaller components. The constituent parts of an atom are protons, electrons, and neutrons. The atom's nucleus houses the protons and neutrons, and the nucleus is surrounded by electrons.
What distinguishes atoms and molecules from one another?
Ionic or covalent bonds are the two types of bonds that hold molecules together. In the environment, a number of non-metal element types only exist as molecules. For instance, the hydrogen molecule is the only form of the element. A compound's molecules are composed from two or more components. Two or more atoms of the same element make into a homonuclear molecule.
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Indigestion tablets neutralise stomach acid.
What does this tell you about indigestion tablets?
Answer: It is a alkaline substance/base and it is an antacid
Explanation: Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base, in this scenario, it is the stomach acid and the indigestion tablets (base). They react to form salt and water
The student weighed the dry tablet before the reaction and found its mass to be 3.98 grams. Using the mass of the tablet that remained (438g) what was the mass of gas released?
The mass of the gas released is 3.98 grams - 438 grams = -434.02 grams.
What is mass?Mass is a measure of the amount of matter present in an object. It is the amount of inertia a body has, meaning it is the measure of the resistance of a body to change in its motion when subjected to an external force. Mass is usually measured in kilograms, grams, or pounds. Mass is distinct from weight, which is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object.
This result is negative because the mass of the gas is not actually being weighed, but is instead being calculated by subtracting the mass of the tablet after the reaction from the mass of the tablet before the reaction. The negative result indicates that the mass of the gas released is less than the mass of the tablet before the reaction.
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Which of the following best describes the physical appearance of a compound when the end of its melting point range is reached?A. The compound begins toconvert to a liquidB. The compound completely converts to a liquidC. The compound begins toevaporateD. Gas from the compound begins to condense on the side of the tube.
The one that describes the physical appearance of the compound when the end of its melting point range is reached is the correct option is B. The compound completely converts to a liquid.
The melting point is the temperature at which the solid and the liquid will forms of the pure substance that can exist in equilibrium. The heat is applied to the solid, and its temperature will be increase as the melting point will be reached. The more heat then will be convert to the solid into the liquid with the no temperature change.
Thus, the compound will be completely converts to the liquid as the end of its melting point range.
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What is the ph what f a 1. 10x10-3 m solution of phenol, hc6h5o? the pjs of hc6h5o is 9. 89
The pH of a 1.10 x 1[tex]0^{-3}[/tex] M solution of phenol (HC6H5O) is 9.89.
To calculate the pH of a solution, you need to know the concentration of the H+ ions in the solution. This can be determined using the following equation:
H+ = [H+]standard x 10-pH
Where [H+]standard is the concentration of H+ ions in a standard solution, which is 1 M in this case. So, rearranging the equation, we get:
pH = -log[H+]standard + log [H+]
Therefore, the pH of a 1.10 x 1[tex]0^{-3}[/tex] M solution of phenol (HC6H5O) can be calculated as follows
pH = -log (1 M) + log (1.10 x 1[tex]0^{-3}[/tex] M)
pH = 9.89
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Definition of a metallic bond. a. The attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons b. The opposition of cations becoming energized electrons c. A mixture of elements becoming one d. Two metals colliding becoming one
A metallic bond refers to the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons in a metal. Option A is correct.
In a metallic bond, the valence electrons of the metal atoms become delocalized and are free to move throughout the metal lattice. The metal cations are held together by the surrounding sea of delocalized electrons.
This results in a strong bond between the metal atoms that gives rise to the characteristic properties of metals, such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and malleability. The metallic bond is a type of chemical bond that is found only in metals and their alloys.
Hence, A. The attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons is the correct option.
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Using sediment cores, scientists discovered a time in the past when carbon dioxide levels were about the same as they are today. How far back in Earth's history do we have to go to see this?
-500,000 years
-15 million years
-35 million years ago
-25 million years ago
In the past when the carbon dioxide levels were about the same as they are today. The far back in the Earth's history do we have to go to see this is the correct option is 15 million years.
The Sediment cores that contain evidence that the CO₂ levels were the same as the today were about the 15 million years ago. There is the no single, and the widely accepted response to this type of the issues because the research has to produced the wide range of the dates, from the 800,000 to the 15 million years ago.
The atmospheric CO₂ levels is never be so high as they are the presently by digging for the ice cores and the examining the air bubbles that will result.
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Classify the descriptions of keratin, collagen, and fibroin. Some phrases may apply to more than one protein. a-Keratin Collagen Fibroin Collagen and fibroin Answer Bank contains hydroxyproline every third residue is glycine contains heptad repcals has intrachain hydrogen bonds has left-handed helices has interchain hydrogen bonds every second residue is glycine
a-Keratin has heptad repeats, has intrachain hydrogen bonds, has left-handed helices.
Collagen contains hydroxyproline, every third residue is glycine, has interchain hydrogen bonds.
Fibroin every second residue is glycine.
What is the role of a-Keratin?Alpha-keratin is a fibrous protein that is the main component of hair, nails, horns, claws, and hooves of animals. Its role is to provide structure, strength, and resilience to these tissues, which need to withstand mechanical stress and damage.
Alpha-keratin is particularly abundant in hair, where it forms the hair shaft's outer layer, or cuticle. Its structure includes an alpha-helix conformation, stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the peptide backbone's oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
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The gas left in a used aerosol can is at a pressure of 3.2 atm at 38°C. If this can is thrown into a fire, what is the internal pressure of the gas when its temperature reaches 433°C?
Therefore, the internal pressure of the gas in the can when its temperature reaches 433°C is approximately 52.9 atm.
What is pressure?In physics, pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area. It is a scalar quantity and is expressed in units such as pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), or atmospheres (atm). Pressure can be exerted by a gas or a liquid, and it is related to the density and temperature of the substance. It is an important concept in many areas of science and engineering, including fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and materials science.
Here,
To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T
where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature.
We can assume that the volume of the can is constant, so V1 = V2. We also need to convert the temperatures to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to them.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
(3.2 atm)(V) / (38°C + 273.15) = P2(V) / (433°C + 273.15)
Simplifying and solving for P2, we get:
P2 = (3.2 atm)(433°C + 273.15) / (38°C + 273.15)
= 52.9 atm
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dissolving a solute such as KOH in a solvent such as water results in A.) a decrease in the vapor pressure of the liquid B.) a decrease in the boiling point of the liquid C.) no change in the boiling point of the liquid D.) an increase in the melting point of the liquid
Dissolving a solute such as KOH in a solvent such as water results in a decrease in the vapor pressure of the liquid.
This is because the solute particles occupy some of the solvent space and reduce the number of solvent molecules at the surface of the liquid, which decreases the rate of evaporation and hence the vapor pressure.
The presence of a non-volatile solute also affects the boiling point of the liquid. It causes the boiling point of the solution to be higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent, a phenomenon known as boiling point elevation.
This happens because the solute particles attract solvent molecules and reduce the ability of the solvent molecules to escape from the liquid phase as vapor, which requires an increase in temperature to boil the solution. Therefore, option B ("a decrease in the boiling point of the liquid") is incorrect.
The solute-solvent interaction also affects the melting point of the solvent. In general, the presence of a solute lowers the melting point of the solvent due to the disruption of the solvent-solvent interactions by the solute-solvent interactions. Therefore, option D ("an increase in the melting point of the liquid") is also incorrect.
Option C ("no change in the boiling point of the liquid") is not correct either, as the boiling point of the liquid is affected by the presence of the solute in the solvent, as mentioned earlier.
Hence, the correct answer is option A ("a decrease in the vapor pressure of the liquid").
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Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy of combustion of methanol in kJ /mol.
To determine the enthalpy, use bond energies. The combustion reaction of methanol has an enthalpy of -1295 kJ/mol.
How would you define enthalpy?Enthalpy is calculated by adding the internal energy, stress, or volume. Enthalpy in a system cannot be measured, yet variations in enthalpy can be seen. By keeping Pressure constant, we can assure dat H = E + P V, which will make life easier.
How do entropy and enthalpy differ?In contrast to entropy, which measures the degree of inherent disorder within a chemical, enthalpy measures the amount much inherent energy contained in such a complex. Water's enthalpy is nonzero since elemental molecules like hydrogen gas & oxygen gas have an enthalpy of zero (regardless of phase).
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A cold pack is broken, allowing two chemical substances to mix, making the pack cold. Which statement accurately describes the flow of energy in this reaction?
The reaction in the cold pack is an endothermic reaction
Is the reaction in cold pack endothermic?The question is incomplete but I will explain generally the reaction in a cold pack
The reaction in a cold pack is typically endothermic. Cold packs are designed to absorb heat from their surroundings in order to create a cooling effect. This is achieved through a chemical reaction that takes place inside the pack.
Most cold packs contain two separate compartments, one containing water and the other containing a solid or powdered substance, such as ammonium nitrate. When the pack is activated, the barrier between the two compartments is broken and the water and solid/powdered substance are mixed together. This reaction is typically endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat from its surroundings in order to proceed.
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the most important gaseous element to accumulate in earth's atmosphere, which had to await the evolution of photosynthesis in order to exceed its loss to space, is ______. multiple choice question.
The most important gaseous element to accumulate in the earth's atmosphere, which had to await the evolution of the photosynthesis in order to exceed its loss to the space, is oxygen. The correct option is 2.
The oxygen is the chemical element with an atomic number of 8 and oxygen atom has the eight protons and eight electrons in its nucleus. The Oxygen forms the chemical compound with formula of O₂ of two atoms which is the colorless gas at the normal temperatures and the pressures.
Thus, the oxygen the most important gaseous element to accumulate in earth's atmosphere. IT had to await evolution of the photosynthesis in order to the exceed its loss to the space.
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This question is incomplete , the complete question is :
The most important gaseous element to accumulate in Earth's atmosphere, which had to await the evolution of photosynthesis in order to exceed its loss to space, is ______. multiple choice question.
1) oceans
2) oxygen
3) longitude
4) minor
the force of attraction of binding oppositely charged ions together is called?
The force of attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together is called an electrostatic force or an ionic bond.
This type of bond results from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. The positively charged ion (cation) is attracted to the negatively charged ion (anion), and this attraction results in the formation of an ionic bond. Ionic bonds are typically strong and can be found in many types of compounds, including salts and minerals.
The electrostatic force is an important fundamental force in nature and plays a crucial role in many physical and chemical phenomena, such as the binding of atoms to form molecules, the behavior of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, and the behavior of materials with electrical conductivity.
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Question: What is the formal charge on the O atom in each of the following species that contains a multiple bond to O? The formal charge on the oxygen atom is +1.The formal charge on the oxygen atom is +1.The formal charge on the oxygen atom is 0.
In a molecule, an atom's charges are assigned based on the assumption that the chemical bonds between the atoms are created by an equal distribution of electrons.
There is no regard for the atoms' relative electronegativities. The following is the formula used to determine the formal charges on the atoms: V - N - B/2. The atom's total number of valence electrons is denoted by the letter V. N is the number of electrons that do not form bonds. B is the number of electrons in a bond. Valence electrons are those found in the atom's valence/outermost shell. The oxygen atom contains six valence electrons.
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The difference between the number of valence electrons on an atom and the number of electrons it possesses in the molecule or ion is known as the formal charge (FC).
Which is a measurement of the distribution of electrons in a molecule or ion. In a molecule, an atom's charges are assigned based on the assumption that the chemical bonds between the atoms are created by an equal distribution of electrons. There is no regard for the atoms' relative electronegativities. The following is the formula used to determine the formal charges on the atoms: V - N - B/2. The atom's total number of valence electrons is denoted by the letter V. N is the number of electrons that do not form bonds. B is the number of electrons in a bond. Valence electrons are those found in the atom's valence/outermost shell. The oxygen atom contains six valence electrons.
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1. 5 moles of ethanol, 6 moles of ethanoic acid, 6 moles of ethyl ethanoate and 4 moles of water are mixed together in a separatory funnel at 15°C. After equilibrium was established, only 4 ethanoic acid
If only 4 moles of ethanoic acid were found in the funnel. the equation for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid to form ethyl ethanoate and water is CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O.
What is the equation for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid?a) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid to form ethyl ethanoate and water is:
CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
b) To determine the number of moles of each component present at equilibrium, we can use the information given in the problem statement. Initially, we have:
5 moles of ethanol
6 moles of ethanoic acid
6 moles of ethyl ethanoate
4 moles of water
At equilibrium, we have:
4 moles of ethanoic acid (so we have lost 2 moles of ethanoic acid)
5 - x moles of ethanol (where x is the number of moles of ethanol that reacted to form ethyl ethanoate)
6 moles of ethyl ethanoate (since it is a product, the amount does not change)
4 + x moles of water (since water is also a product, its amount increases as the reaction proceeds)
Since the reaction is in stoichiometric proportions, the number of moles of ethanoic acid lost is equal to the number of moles of ethyl ethanoate and water produced. Therefore, we can set up the following equation to solve for x:
2x = 2
x = 1
Therefore, at equilibrium, we have:
4 moles of ethanoic acid
4 moles of ethanol (5 - 1)
6 moles of ethyl ethanoate
5 moles of water (4 + 1)
c) The equilibrium constant for the reaction is given by the following expression:
Kc = [CH3COOCH2CH3][H2O]/[CH3CH2OH][CH3COOH]
Plugging in the concentrations at equilibrium, we get:
Kc = [(6 mol)/(L) * 5 mol/L]/[(5 mol/L) * (4 mol/L)]
Kc = 1.5
Therefore, the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 1.5. Note that since the value of Kc is greater than 1, the reaction lies to the right at equilibrium, meaning that the formation of ethyl ethanoate is favored.
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The complete question is:
5 moles of ethanol, 6 moles of ethanoic acid, 6 moles of ethyl ethanoate and 4 moles of water were mixed together in a separatory funnel at 15 ° C. After equilibration was established, only 4 moles of ethanoic acid were found in the funnel. a) Write the equation for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid to form ethyl ethanoate and water. b) How many moles of ethanol, ethyl ethanoate and water are present in the equilibrium mixture? d) What is the value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction?
Complete the photosynthesis reactions by placing the following items as reactants, energy sources, or products of these reactions. Not all labels will be placed.
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + ....
Energy source: ....
The reactants, products and energy sources of the photosynthetic reaction are as follows:
Reactants: carbondioxide and glucoseproducts: glucose and oxygenenergy source: ATPWhat is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis combines carbondioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen with the dispense of energy.
Carbondioxide and water can be classified as reactants while glucose and oxygen can be regarded as products.
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why would exposing potassium t-butoxide to air cause problems?
What exposing potassium t-butoxide to air can cause is;
Lung damage when inhaled
Severe chemical burns when in contact with skin
What is the impact of the chemical substance to the environment?Potassium t-butoxide is a colorless solid which is a strong base, which is useful in organic synthesis.
Potassium tert-butoxide catalyzes the reaction of hydrosilanes and heterocyclic compounds to give the silyl derivatives, with release of Hydrogen gas.
This potassium t-butoxide when exposed to the air can cause respiratory irritation in some persons.
The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage.
Inhaling corrosive bases may irritate the respiratory tract.
The symptoms include cough, choking, pain and damage to the mucous membrane.
Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur
further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.
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Calculate The scientist repeats the experiment, burning a new sample of steel wool until it is entirely converted into iron oxide. The iron oxide produced has a mass of 715 g. What was the mass of the sample before burning?
Answer:
The mass of the steel wool before burning can be calculated by finding the difference between the mass of the steel wool and the mass of the iron oxide produced.
If the mass of the iron oxide produced is 715 g, then the mass of the steel wool before burning was:
Mass of steel wool before burning = Mass of steel wool + Mass of iron oxide produced
Since the steel wool was entirely converted to iron oxide, we know that the mass of iron in the steel wool is equal to the mass of iron in the iron oxide produced. Since iron has an atomic mass of 56 g/mol, we can use this to find the mass of iron in the 715 g of iron oxide:
Number of moles of iron = mass of iron oxide produced / atomic mass of iron
Number of moles of iron = 715 g / 56 g/mol
Number of moles of iron = 12.77 mol
Since the mass of iron in the steel wool is the same as the mass of iron in the iron oxide produced, we can use the same number of moles of iron to find the mass of steel wool before burning:
Mass of steel wool before burning = Number of moles of iron x (atomic mass of iron / molar mass of steel wool)
The molar mass of steel wool is the sum of the atomic masses of its constituent elements (iron and carbon) multiplied by their respective stoichiometric coefficients:
Molar mass of steel wool = (atomic mass of iron x 1) + (atomic mass of carbon x 1)
Molar mass of steel wool = (56 g/mol x 1) + (12.01 g/mol x 1)
Molar mass of steel wool = 68.01 g/mol
Substituting the known values into the equation, we get:
Mass of steel wool before burning = 12.77 mol x (56 g/mol / 68.01 g/mol)
Mass of steel wool before burning = 10.49 mol
Therefore, the mass of the steel wool before burning was:
Mass of steel wool before burning = Mass of steel wool + Mass of iron oxide produced
Mass of steel wool before burning = 715 g + (10.49 mol x 68.01 g/mol)
Mass of steel wool before burning = 1,428 g (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Explanation:
Answer:
not specific
Explanation:
what is normal range for hco3
HCO3, also known as bicarbonate, is an important electrolyte in the body that helps regulate the pH balance of the blood. The normal range for HCO3 in the blood is typically between 22 and 28 mEq/L (milliequivalents per liter).
The pH of the blood is maintained within a narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45, and any significant deviation from this range can have serious health consequences. HCO3 is one of the primary ways that the body regulates the pH of the blood.
When the blood becomes too acidic, HCO3 acts as a buffer by binding to excess hydrogen ions (H+) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then dissociates into water and carbon dioxide. This process helps to neutralize the excess acid and restore the pH of the blood to a normal range.
Likewise, when the blood becomes too alkaline, the body can use HCO3 to release hydrogen ions (H+) and restore the pH balance. This regulatory mechanism is an important aspect of overall health and well-being.
Abnormal levels of HCO3 can be indicative of a number of health conditions. Low levels of HCO3, or metabolic acidosis, can be caused by conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or diarrhea, among others. High levels of HCO3, or metabolic alkalosis, can be caused by conditions such as vomiting, the use of certain medications, or excessive intake of antacids.
It is important to note that the normal range for HCO3 can vary slightly depending on the laboratory that is performing the analysis. Additionally, other factors such as age, gender, and overall health status can also affect HCO3 levels.
In summary, the normal range for HCO3 in the blood is typically between 22 and 28 mEq/L. HCO3 is an important electrolyte that helps regulate the pH balance of the blood, and abnormal levels can be indicative of a number of health conditions. Maintaining a normal HCO3 level is important for overall health and well-being.
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Multi-part question for my lab that I just can't figure out. Can you please give me an explanation to all steps within this problem.A. Calculate the thickness of the monolayer assuming that the volume of the monolayer is 7.43×10−6 mL and the diameter of the watch glass is 5 cm.B.B. Determine the number of moles of oleic acid in the monolayer. Assume the number of grams of oleic acid in the monolayer is 7.52×10−6 g .C. Calculate the surface area of one molecule if we assume the molecule is shaped like a cylinder that the hight is 10x larger than the radius.D. Determine the area of the surface covered by the molecules assuming they have a circular surface which at most can cover 90.6%.
an explanation to all steps within this problem are as follows:
A. To calculate the thickness of the monolayer, we need to use the formula:
thickness = volume/area
where the area is the surface area of the watch glass. The area of a circle is given by:
area = [tex]\pi r^2[/tex]
where r is the radius of the watch glass. In this case, the diameter of the watch glass is 5 cm, so the radius is 2.5 cm or 0.025 m. Therefore, the area is:
area =[tex]\pi (0.025)^2 = 0.00196 m^2[/tex]
Now, we can plug in the values to find the thickness:
thickness = [tex]7.43*10^{-6} mL / 0.00196 m^2 = 0.00379 nm[/tex]
B. To determine the number of moles of oleic acid in the monolayer, we need to use the formula:
moles = mass/molar mass
where the mass is given and the molar mass of oleic acid is 282.47 g/mol. Therefore:
moles = [tex]7.52*10^{-6} g / 282.47 g/mol = 2.66*10^{-8} mol[/tex]
C. To calculate the surface area of one molecule assuming it is shaped like a cylinder, we need to use the formula:
surface area = [tex]2\pi rh + 2\pi r^2[/tex]
where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height. In this case, we know that the height is 10 times larger than the radius. Therefore, we can write:
h = 10r
Now, we can substitute h in the formula:
surface area = [tex]2\pi r(10r) + 2\pi r^2 = 22\pi r^2[/tex]
D. To determine the area of the surface covered by the molecules assuming they have a circular surface, we need to use the formula:
area = [tex]\pi r^2[/tex]
where r is the radius of the circular surface. We are given that the molecules can cover at most 90.6% of the surface, so we can write:
area covered = 0.906 × area
E. To calculate the number of molecules in the surface, we need to use the formula:
number of molecules = (surface area covered)/(surface area of one molecule)
We already calculated the surface area of one molecule in part C, and we found the surface area covered in part D. Therefore, we can plug in the values to find the number of molecules.
F. To calculate the number of molecules in 1 mole of oleic acid, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022×10^23 molecules/mol. Therefore:
number of molecules in 1 mol
= [tex]2.66*10^{-8} mol * 6.022*10^{23}[/tex]molecules/mol
= [tex]1.6*10^{16}[/tex] molecules
G. To find the percent error, we need to use the formula:
% error = |(experimental value - theoretical value)/theoretical value| × 100%
The theoretical value is the value we calculated using Avogadro's number, which is 1.6×10^16 molecules. The experimental value is the number of molecules we calculated in part E. Therefore:
% error = |(number of molecules in the surface - number of molecules in 1 mol of oleic acid)/number of molecules in 1 mol of oleic acid| × 100%
We can plug in the values to find the percent error.
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correct form of question is
Multi-Part Question For My Lab That I Just Can't Figure Out. Can You Please Give Me An Explanation To All Steps Within This Problem. A. Calculate The Thickness Of The Monolayer Assuming That The Volume Of The Monolayer Is 7.43×10−6 ML And The Diameter Of The Watch Glass Is 5 Cm.B. B. Determine The Number Of Moles Of Oleic Acid In The Monolayer. Assume The
Multi-part question for my lab that I just can't figure out. Can you please give me an explanation to all steps within this problem.
A. Calculate the thickness of the monolayer assuming that the volume of the monolayer is 7.43×10−6 mL and the diameter of the watch glass is 5 cm.B.
B. Determine the number of moles of oleic acid in the monolayer. Assume the number of grams of oleic acid in the monolayer is 7.52×10−6 g .
C. Calculate the surface area of one molecule if we assume the molecule is shaped like a cylinder that the hight is 10x larger than the radius.
D. Determine the area of the surface covered by the molecules assuming they have a circular surface which at most can cover 90.6%.
E. Calculate the number of molecules in the surface.
F. Calculate the number of molecules in 1 mole of calculated oleic acid.
G. Compare this number based on the Avogadro's number finding the % error.
A mixture of He, Ne and Ar gases have a total pressure of 132 atm. If there is 20% Ar, 54% He and 26% Ne, what is the partial pressure of Argon?
The partial pressure of argon would be 26.40 atm.
Partial pressure calculationTo find the partial pressure of argon in the mixture, we first need to calculate the total pressure contributed by all the gases other than argon. This can be done using the mole fraction of helium and neon as follows:
Mole fraction of He = 54/100 = 0.54
Mole fraction of Ne = 26/100 = 0.26
Mole fraction of Ar = 1 - 0.54 - 0.26 = 0.20
Partial pressure of He = Mole fraction of He x Total pressure
= 0.54 x 132 atm
= 71.28 atm
Partial pressure of Ne = Mole fraction of Ne x Total pressure
= 0.26 x 132 atm
= 34.32 atm
Partial pressure of Ar = Mole fraction of Ar x Total pressure
= 0.20 x 132 atm
= 26.40 atm
Therefore, the partial pressure of argon in the mixture is 26.40 atm.
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Which equation is correct?
A. TC + or - WCA = TH.
B. TH + or - DEV = MH.
C. MH + or - VAR = CH.
The equation that is correct is TC + or - WCA = TH. The correct option is
A.
The given equations are related to the magnetic compass errors.
The full form for the above equation is as follows :
T is the concerning TRUE North it is use to plotter and the latitude
M is Regarding the MAGNETIC North that is the True North +/- Deviation.
C is to the COMPASS North that is the Magnetic North +/- Compass card deviation in the system
C is Plotted COURSE in the map that is no wind correction is applied.
The order is as :
TC = True course
VAR = Variation
MC = Magnetic course
WCA = Wind correction angle
MH = Magnetic heading
DEV = Deviation
CH = Compass heading
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Calculate [h+] for a solution in which [oh−] is 100 times greater than [h+]
The concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution is 1.0 x 1[tex]0^{-8}[/tex] M.
To calculate the [H+] for a solution in which [OH-] is 100 times greater than [H+], we can use the equation for the ion product constant for water:
Kw = [H+][OH-]
Where Kw is the ion product constant for water, [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions, and [OH-] is the concentration of hydroxide ions. Since we are given that [OH-] is 100 times greater than [H+], we can write:
[OH-] = 100[H+]
Substituting this into the equation for Kw, we get:
Kw = [H+](100[H+])
Rearranging and solving for [H+], we get:
[H+]^2 = Kw/100
[H+] = √(Kw/100)
Since Kw is 1.0 x 1[tex]0^{-14}[/tex] at 25°C, we can substitute this value into the equation and solve for [H+]:
[H+] = √(1.0 x 1[tex]0^{-14}[/tex]/100)
[H+] = √(1.0 x 1[tex]0^{-16}[/tex])
[H+] = 1.0 x 1[tex]0^{-8}[/tex]
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how many grams of co are needed to reaxt with an excess of fe2O3