This result is predictable because the first half of teachers were placed in a gain situation where their bonus is measured by a WTA (Willingness to Accept), while the second half of teachers were placed in a loss situation where their bonus is measured by a WTP (Willingness to Pay).
Research has shown that people tend to be more motivated by avoiding losses than by gaining rewards, which could explain why the second group of teachers saw significant improvements in their students' math scores. By giving them the bonus upfront and requiring them to pay it back if they didn't meet the goal, they were more invested in the outcome and more likely to take action to avoid the loss.
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What economic considerations ( ads, promoting, promotions,soundtracks) and market research went into consideration in themovie HIGH NOON
In the production of the movie High Noon, various economic considerations and market research played a crucial role in its success. Key considerations included advertising, promotions, and soundtracks to create a compelling and marketable film.
For advertising and promoting, the producers considered the target audience and the most effective channels to reach them. This could have involved using print media, radio, and television for ads, as well as collaborating with other entities for cross-promotions. They also might have analyzed competitor films to identify the best marketing strategies and opportunities.
Additionally, market research likely played a significant role in the development of High Noon. This would have included understanding the preferences and tastes of the target audience, as well as any ongoing trends in the movie industry. This information would have helped in making informed decisions about casting, production, and even the choice of soundtrack to enhance the overall appeal of the film.
Overall, economic considerations and market research were essential components in the success of High Noon, ensuring it resonated with audiences and stood out in the competitive movie market.
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if a firm increases its activity level, group of answer choices all costs will rise. some costs will change, others will remain the same. all costs should remain the same. no costs will remain the same in total.
When a firm increases its activity level, the costs associated with that activity will rise. This is because the increased activity requires additional resources, including labor, materials, and machines.
Some of these costs may remain the same, depending on the type of activity taking place. For example, if the activity is related to marketing, the cost of advertising may stay the same, but the cost of materials used to produce the marketing materials may increase.
However, in total, no costs will remain the same as the increased activity level will require additional resources to be used. Thus, the total costs of the activity will always increase when the activity level is increased.
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cause this market is monopolistically competitive, you can tell that it is in long-run equilibrium by the fact that p>atc at the optimal quantity for each firm. further, a monopolistically competitive firm's average total cost in long-run equilibrium is the minimum average total cost. true or false: this indicates that there is a markup on marginal cost in the market for kits. true false monopolistically competitive markets may be socially inefficient due to the presence of too many or too few firms. the presence of the externality implies that there is too little entry of new firms in the market.
True. The fact that monopolistically competitive firms are able to charge a price above their marginal cost (as indicated by p>atc) suggests that there is a markup on the marginal cost in the market for kits. This is a characteristic of monopolistic competition where firms have some degree of market power and can set prices higher than their marginal costs. However, it is important to note that this markup is not as high as in a pure monopoly where the firm has complete market power.
The second statement, that a monopolistically competitive firm's average total cost in long-run equilibrium is the minimum average total cost, is also true. In the long run, firms in a monopolistically competitive market will adjust their production levels and prices until they are operating at the minimum point of their average total cost curve. This is because if a firm is operating at a higher point on its average total cost curve, it will be able to reduce its costs by producing a lower quantity or changing its production methods.
Lastly, it is true that monopolistically competitive markets may be socially inefficient due to the presence of too many or too few firms. The presence of externalities, such as positive or negative spillover effects from production or consumption, can distort the market outcome and lead to an inefficient allocation of resources. In the case of monopolistic competition, there may be too many firms producing similar products, leading to excessive competition and wasteful duplication of resources. Alternatively, there may be too few firms in a market, leading to higher prices and less innovation.
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what happens to the outstanding shares of the target firm when the acquirer purchases 100% of the target's outstanding stock?
When an acquirer purchases 100% of target's outstanding stock, the outstanding shares of the target firm will no longer exist as a separate entity.
What is a stock?A stock, also known as share or equity, represents unit of ownership in company. When a company issues stocks, it essentially divides ownership of the company into many smaller pieces, with each piece representing a share. People can buy and sell these shares on stock exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the NASDAQ, and their value fluctuates based on various factors, including company's financial performance, economic conditions, and the investor sentiment. Owning stocks can be a way for individuals to invest in the growth potential of a company and potentially earn returns in the form of dividends or capital gains. However, investing in stocks also carries risks and it's important to carefully research and consider investment decisions.
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The purpose of the obtain/build value chain activity is to ensure:
The purpose of the obtain/build value chain activity is to ensure that an organization has the necessary resources, materials, and capabilities to produce its products or services.
This activity involves both obtaining resources from external suppliers and building internal capabilities through investments in technology, infrastructure, and human resources.
By obtaining and building resources and capabilities, an organization can ensure that it has a reliable supply chain and the ability to produce high-quality products or services efficiently. This activity also helps organizations to stay competitive by keeping up with technological advancements and continuously improving their operations.
The obtain/build activity is a critical part of the value chain as it lays the foundation for the subsequent value chain activities such as production, marketing, and distribution. Without adequate resources and capabilities, an organization may struggle to meet customer demands, stay competitive in the marketplace, and achieve its strategic objectives.
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A recent study by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York estimates that over the period from 1970 to 2013, the average college graduate earned more per year than the average person who had only a high school degree. $5,750 13,275 O $23,500 $44,400
According to a research done by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, between 1970 and 2013, the average college graduate made more money annually than the typical person with only a high school diploma.
The study conducted by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found that over the period from 1970 to 2013, the average college graduate earned more per year than the average person who had only a high school degree. The difference in earnings was significant, with college graduates earning an average of $23,500 more per year than those with just a high school degree. This highlights the importance of pursuing higher education in terms of potential earning power.
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10. Describe how each of the following can affect the money supply: (a) the central bank; (b) banks; and (c) depositors.
(a) The central bank can affect the money supply by implementing monetary policies such as open market operations, reserve requirements, and discount rates. By buying or selling government securities, changing reserve requirements or adjusting the discount rate, the central bank can increase or decrease the money supply in the economy.
(b) Banks can affect the money supply by creating new money through the process of lending. When banks lend money, they create new deposits in the borrower's account, which increases the money supply. Conversely, when banks receive loan repayments, the money supply decreases.
(c) Depositors can affect the money supply by deciding how much money to hold in their bank accounts versus how much to hold in cash or other assets. When depositors withdraw money from their bank accounts, the money supply decreases. Conversely, when depositors deposit money into their bank accounts, the money supply increases.
Overall, the money supply is a complex and dynamic concept that can be affected by a range of factors, including the actions of central banks, banks, and depositors. Understanding the impact of each of these factors on the money supply is critical for policymakers and investors seeking to make informed decisions about the economy.
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Short Answers9) One of the major predictions for the oil market for the near future was, increase in the input costs, as the extraction of oil was expected to become increasingly more difficult and increase in dem
The prediction for the oil market for the near future was an increase in input costs due to the increasing difficulty in oil extraction and an increase in demand.
Oil extraction has become increasingly difficult and expensive as it requires more advanced technologies, and oil reserves are located in remote and challenging locations.
At the same time, global demand for oil has been steadily increasing due to population growth and economic development. These factors have contributed to an increase in the input costs of oil production, which includes exploration, drilling, and transportation costs.
As a result, the price of oil has also been increasing, which affects many industries that rely on oil, including transportation, manufacturing, and energy.
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Aman bought a machine for $ 535705 six years ago. It has a salvage value of $ 36957 four years from now. He sold it now for $ 46847. What is the sunk cost or the value of the machine that the man lost if the depreciation method used is a Sum of the Years' Digit method?
The sunk cost or the value of the machine that the man lost using the Sum of the Years' Digit depreciation method is $115,826.13.
How to calculate the sunk cost using the Sum of the Years' Digit depreciation method?To calculate the sunk cost using the Sum of the Years' Digit method, we need to determine the total depreciation of the machine over the period of its use. The Sum of the Years' Digit method is an accelerated depreciation method, where the depreciation expense decreases over time.
The depreciation rate for each year is calculated as follows:
Year 1: 10/55 = 0.1818
Year 2: 9/55 = 0.1636
Year 3: 8/55 = 0.1455
Year 4: 7/55 = 0.1273
Year 5: 6/55 = 0.1091
Year 6: 5/55 = 0.0909
Year 7: 4/55 = 0.0727
Year 8: 3/55 = 0.0545
Year 9: 2/55 = 0.0364
Year 10: 1/55 = 0.0182
The depreciation expense for each year is calculated by multiplying the depreciation rate by the initial cost of the machine, which is $535,705.
Year 1: 0.1818 x $535,705 = $97,417.73
Year 2: 0.1636 x $535,705 = $87,514.05
Year 3: 0.1455 x $535,705 = $77,610.38
Year 4: 0.1273 x $535,705 = $67,706.70
Year 5: 0.1091 x $535,705 = $57,803.03
Year 6: 0.0909 x $535,705 = $47,899.35
Year 7: 0.0727 x $535,705 = $37,995.68
Year 8: 0.0545 x $535,705 = $28,092.00
Year 9: 0.0364 x $535,705 = $18,188.33
Year 10: 0.0182 x $535,705 = $9,094.65
The total depreciation expense over the useful life of the machine is the sum of the depreciation expense for each year:
Total depreciation = $97,417.73 + $87,514.05 + $77,610.38 + $67,706.70 + $57,803.03 + $47,899.35 + $37,995.68 + $28,092.00 + $18,188.33 + $9,094.65
Total depreciation = $582,921.87
Finally, the sunk cost or the value of the machine that the man lost is the difference between the initial cost of the machine and the salvage value at the end of its useful life, minus the amount received from selling the machine now: Sunk cost = $535,705 - $36,957 - $582,921. So sunk cost using the Sum of the Years' Digit depreciation method is $115,826.13.
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Question 1 8 Points Use the Supply and Demand model to answer the questions for each of the following examples. These examples require that both supply and demand shift at the same time: Market for Office Furniture • A global pandemic forces people to work from home. The government shuts down business for non essential businesses which includes furniture manufacturers. . 1. Supply Shift (increase or decrease): Blank 1 2. Demand Shift (increase or decrease): Blank 2 3. Price (increase, decrease, indeterminate): Blank 3 4. Quantity (increase, decrease, indeterminate): Blank 4 Marker for Electricity Generators • It is hurricane season and weather forecasts predict a series of category 5 hurricanes hitting our area. New technology has allowed prices on parts needed to build electricity generators to decrease. 1. Supply Shift (increase or decrease): Blank 5 2. Demand Shift (increase or decrease): Blank 6 3. Price (increase, decrease, indeterminate): Blank 7 4. Quantity (increase, decrease, indeterminate):
For the Market for Office Furniture:
Supply Shift : Decrease, Demand Shift : Decrease, Price : Indeterminate, Quantity : Decrease
The global pandemic and government shutdowns have decreased the supply of office furniture as non-essential businesses, including furniture manufacturers, are forced to close. At the same time, the demand for office furniture has also decreased as people are now working from home. The resulting effect on price is indeterminate, as the decrease in both supply and demand could either cause prices to increase or decrease depending on the magnitude of the shifts.
However, the quantity of office furniture sold will decrease due to the combined decrease in supply and demand.
For the Market for Electricity Generators:
1. Supply Shift : Increase, Demand Shift : Increase , Price: Indeterminate, Quantity : Increase
The hurricane season and the threat of category 5 hurricanes hitting the area has increased the demand for electricity generators as people prepare for power outages. At the same time, new technology has allowed prices on parts needed to build electricity generators to decrease, resulting in an increase in supply. The resulting effect on price is again indeterminate, as the increase in both supply and demand could either cause prices to increase or decrease depending on the magnitude of the shifts.
However, the quantity of electricity generators sold will increase due to the combined increase in supply and demand.
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Approximately, what percentage of all mortgages are owned bygovernment agencies such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
As of the first quarter of 2021, government-sponsored entities Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac owned or guaranteed approximately 45% of all outstanding mortgages in the United States, according to data from the Urban Institute.
This represents a significant share of the market and highlights the important role that these agencies play in the mortgage industry. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were created by the federal government to promote homeownership by providing liquidity to the mortgage market, and their continued presence in the market remains an important factor in ensuring the availability of affordable mortgage credit to households across the country.
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A supervisor who holds Theory Y assumptions would be more inclined to use a structured, autocratic leadership style.False or True
The statement "A supervisor who holds Theory Y assumptions would be more inclined to use a structured, autocratic leadership style" is False because Theory Y believes in the potential of employees to be self-motivated and responsible, and a democratic approach would better support this belief
Theory Y is a concept in management developed by Douglas McGregor, which assumes that employees are inherently motivated, responsible, and capable of self-direction. As a result, a supervisor who subscribes to Theory Y would tend to adopt a more participative and democratic leadership style, empowering employees to take charge of their work and contribute their ideas.
In contrast, a structured, autocratic leadership style involves a leader making all the decisions and maintaining strict control over employees. This approach is more aligned with Theory X, which assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated, dislike work, and need to be controlled and directed.
A Theory Y supervisor would focus on creating an environment where employees feel valued and can develop their skills, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to their work. They would emphasize communication, collaboration, and trust, rather than relying on strict control and micromanagement.
In summary, a supervisor who holds Theory Y assumptions would be more inclined to use a democratic and participative leadership style rather than a structured, autocratic one. This is because Theory Y believes in the potential of employees to be self-motivated and responsible, and a democratic approach would better support this belief.
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Discuss the effects of price controls when the demand isa. Elasticb. InelasticHint: You are required to show whether there is a deadweightloss
rice controls can create shortages and deadweight loss in both elastic and inelastic demand situations, but the extent of the shortage and deadweight loss may be greater in elastic demand cases due to the higher sensitivity of consumers to price changes.
The effects of price controls on elastic and inelastic demand, as well as discuss the presence of deadweight loss.
When demand is elastic, consumers are more sensitive to changes in price. If a price control, such as a price ceiling (maximum price allowed), is implemented below the equilibrium price, it can result in a shortage of goods. This is because producers are not willing to supply enough goods at the lower controlled price, while consumers demand more due to the lower price. In this scenario, there is a deadweight loss, as both consumer and producer surplus are not maximized.
On the other hand, when demand is inelastic, consumers are less sensitive to changes in price. If a price control, like a price ceiling, is set below the equilibrium price, it can still result in a shortage. However, the shortage is smaller compared to the case of elastic demand, as consumers are less likely to significantly increase their demand at a lower price. In this case, there is also a deadweight loss due to the inefficient allocation of resources, as the potential consumer and producer surplus are not fully realized.
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Entrepreneurs create new products and new production methods, which are sources of technological progress. a. True b. False
The statement "Entrepreneurs create new products and new production methods, which are sources of technological progress" is true because entrepreneurs are known for their innovative and creative thinking, and they are often the driving force behind the introduction of new products and production methods.
By identifying unmet needs or opportunities in the market and developing novel solutions to address them, entrepreneurs can spur technological progress and contribute to economic growth. This is especially true in industries such as technology and healthcare, where breakthroughs in product development and production methods can have significant impacts on society.
Therefore, entrepreneurs are often seen as key drivers of technological progress and innovation.
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Who is not allowed to be the lead negotiator on procurement negotiations?
The principal negotiator for procurements may not be the project manager. During talks, the project manager and other team members may be present to offer support and, if necessary, to add explanations regarding the project's technical, quality, and management needs.
Professionals interact with one another during procurement negotiations to develop mutually beneficial contract conditions. Price, payment, delivery date, and timeframe are usually topics of conversation between the two parties.
In negotiations, two or more parties come to an agreement on a final outcome that is acceptable to all sides. A position will be put out by one side, and the other will either accept the terms or respond with a different viewpoint.
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29. J&J Enterprises wants to issue 20-year, $1,000 face value zero-coupon bonds. If each bond is to yield 7%, what is the minimum number of bonds J&J must sell if they wish to raise $5 million from the sale? (Ignore issuance costs.) A) 17,290 B) 19,349 C) 20,164 D) 23,880 E) 26,159
Therefore, the minimum number of bonds J&J must sell to raise $5 million from the sale is 31,093. However, none of the answer choices match this result. The closest answer choice is E) 26,159, which is off by about 15%. It's possible that there is a typo or error in the problem, or that the answer choices are rounded.
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for the present value of a zero-coupon bond:
[tex]PV= FV/ (1+r)^{t}[/tex]
Where PV is the present value of the bond, FV is the face value of the bond, r is the yield, and t is the time to maturity in years.
We know that J&J wants to raise $5 million from the sale of these bonds, so we can set up an equation to solve for the number of bonds they need to sell:
PV x Number of Bonds = $5,000,000
We can rearrange the formula for PV to solve for the number of bonds:
Number of Bonds = $5,000,000 / PV
To find PV, we need to plug in the values we know:
FV = $1,000
r = 7% = 0.07
t = 20 years
[tex]PV = $1,000 / (1 + 0.07)^20 = $160.72[/tex]
Now we can solve for the number of bonds:
Number of Bonds = $5,000,000 / $160.72 = 31,093
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Suppose that the nominal tariff ute on an imported final product is 0.10, while the ratio of the value of Imported input to the value of the finished product is 0.68, and the nominal tarif rate on the imported input is 0.02 calculate the effective rate of protection LOW ming government increases the nominal tarif rate on the imported input to 0.07 unto the new effective rate of protection suring you are the lead room of a Tradie Policy Team that seeks to bolster domestic production of the final good that uses the imported input in question based on your awwers in and which nominalate on the imported input will you suggest to your own. Briefly explain your answer.
Increasing the nominal tariff rate on the imported input from 0.02 to 0.07 results in a significant increase in the ERP from 19% to 33%, indicating greater protection for domestic producers.
The effective rate of protection (ERP) measures the impact of trade policy on the domestic production of a final product. It is calculated by taking into account the nominal tariff rates on both the imported final product and its inputs.
In this case, the nominal tariff rate on the imported final product is 0.10, and the ratio of the value of imported input to the value of the finished product is 0.68. The nominal tariff rate on the imported input is 0.02.
To calculate the initial ERP, we use the formula:
ERP = (1 + τf) / (1 - τi * β
where τf is the nominal tariff rate on the imported final product, τi is the nominal tariff rate on the imported input, and β is the ratio of the value of imported input to the value of the finished product. Substituting the values, we get:
ERP = (1 + 0.10) / (1 - 0.02 * 0.68) = 1.19
This means that the initial ERP is 19%.
If the nominal tariff rate on the imported input is increased to 0.07, the new ERP can be calculated as:
ERP = (1 + 0.10) / (1 - 0.07 * 0.68) = 1.33
This means that the new ERP is 33%.
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______ is an economic method of policy analysis that studies the investment needed to enact a policy relative to the expected monetary benefits (in terms of savings or revenues it generates).
Cost-benefit analysis is an economic method of policy analysis that studies the investment needed to enact a policy relative to the expected monetary benefits (in terms of savings or revenues it generates).
It is used to evaluate the net economic impact of a proposed policy or project, by comparing the costs associated with implementing the policy against the expected benefits or gains that would result from its implementation.
Cost-benefit analysis is commonly used by governments, businesses, and other organizations to help make informed decisions about whether or not to pursue a particular policy or project.
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Explain with illustrations and examples how Customary Law is Law inZambia.
Customary Law is a set of rules, practices, and traditions that are recognized and enforced by the courts in Zambia.
It is based on the customs and traditions of the various ethnic groups that make up the country. Customary Law is considered a form of common law, and it is applicable in cases involving family matters, property disputes, and inheritance.
One example of Customary Law in Zambia is the practice of Lobola or bride price. This is a traditional practice in which a man must pay a certain amount of money or goods to the family of his bride before they can be married. This practice is recognized and enforced by the courts in Zambia, and failure to pay Lobola can result in legal action.
Another example of Customary Law in Zambia is the practice of Chieftaincy. Traditional leaders, known as chiefs, are recognized by the government and have authority over their communities. They are responsible for resolving disputes and maintaining order in their communities, and their decisions are recognized and enforced by the courts.
In conclusion, Customary Law is an important part of the legal system in Zambia, and it plays a significant role in resolving disputes and maintaining social order. It is recognized and enforced by the courts, and its practices and traditions are deeply ingrained in the country's culture and history.
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The frequency of longer-term installment loans carrying variable interest rates is increasing.a. Trueb. False
The statement "The frequency of longer-term installment loans carrying variable interest rates is increasing" is True. Longer-term installment loans, also known as amortizing loans, are loans in which the borrower repays the principal and interest over a predetermined period.
These loans are popular because they allow individuals to finance large purchases, such as homes, automobiles, or education, by making smaller, manageable monthly payments.
Variable interest rates, on the other hand, are interest rates that can change over time based on market conditions or changes in the reference rate, such as the prime rate or LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate). This type of interest rate can fluctuate, leading to uncertainty in the total cost of the loan.
The frequency of longer-term installment loans with variable interest rates is increasing for several reasons:
1. Market conditions: As the economy fluctuates, lenders may offer variable interest rates to remain competitive and manage risk. Borrowers may choose these loans if they believe interest rates will decrease in the future, potentially lowering their overall borrowing costs.
2. Demand for flexibility: Borrowers may opt for variable interest rates to take advantage of potential decreases in market interest rates. This flexibility can make these loans more appealing to individuals with varying financial situations or future income expectations.
3. Regulatory environment: Regulatory changes can impact interest rates and encourage lenders to offer more variable rate loans. These changes can also affect borrowers' eligibility for different loan types, leading to increased demand for variable rate loans.
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What is a Device that allows its holder to buy goods and have the payment deducted from a checking account
A device that allows its holder to buy goods and have the payment deducted from a checking account is called a debit card.
What's Debit card?Debit cards are issued by banks and financial institutions, and they are linked to the cardholder's checking account.
When making purchases with a debit card, the payment is immediately withdrawn from the associated account, providing a convenient and secure method of payment.
Debit cards come with a unique Personal Identification Number (PIN) to ensure the security of transactions. Cardholders can use their debit cards at Point of Sale (POS) terminals, online retailers, and even to withdraw cash from Automated Teller Machines (ATMs).
Many debit cards also offer additional features, such as fraud protection and contactless payment options. Overall, debit cards are a popular, efficient, and safe way to access and manage funds in a checking account.
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1. Explain why an economist would focus on real GDP rather than nominal GDP. 2. Suppose you walked into an unemployment office and found the following people: a laid-off mail Santa Claus, an unemployed auto industry worker (who is subject to callback by their company), a woman who lost her job at a manufacturer because the company relocated to Mexico, and a nurse who just moved to town because his wife recently started a new job. Assign the following labels to the people above: cyclically unemployed, frictionally unemployed, structurally unemployed, and seasonally unemployed. Thenexplain your assignment of the terms to each person.
1. An economist would focus on real GDP rather than nominal GDP because real GDP adjusts for changes in prices, which allows for a more accurate comparison of economic output over time
2. Nurse who just moved to town because his wife recently started a new job: Frictionally unemployed
Nominal GDP only measures the current dollar value of all goods and services produced, so it can be misleading when trying to compare economic growth over different time periods.
2. The labels for each person are:
Laid-off mail Santa Claus: Seasonally unemployed
Unemployed auto industry worker (who is subject to callback by their company): Cyclically unemployed
Woman who lost her job at a manufacturer because the company relocated to Mexico: Structurally unemployed
Nurse who just moved to town because his wife recently started a new job: Frictionally unemployed
Seasonal unemployment occurs when an individual's job is tied to a specific time of year, such as a mall Santa Claus. Cyclic unemployment refers to people who lose their jobs due to fluctuations in the business cycle.
Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills and qualifications of workers and the available jobs in the market. Frictional unemployment occurs when people are temporarily unemployed while they search for a new job or transition into a new career.
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(Grim trigger strategies in a general Prisoner's Dilemma) Find the condition on the discount factor d under which the strategy pair in which each player uses the grim trigger strategy is a Nash equilibrium of the infinitely re- peated game of the Prisoner's Dilemma in Figure 431.1. C DC x,x 0,yD y,0 1,1Figure 431.1 A general Prisoner's Dilemma. The parameters x and y satisfy 1
In an infinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma with the grim trigger strategy, a Nash equilibrium occurs when each player uses the grim trigger strategy and the discount factor d meets a specific condition.
The grim trigger strategy implies that a player will cooperate until the opponent defects, after which the player will defect indefinitely.
The condition for the discount factor d in this scenario is:
d ≥ (y - x) / (1 - x)
Here, x and y are the payoffs in the general Prisoner's Dilemma, satisfying x < y and x, y < 1. The discount factor d represents the weight players place on future payoffs compared to present payoffs.
If this condition is met, both players using the grim trigger strategy will form a Nash equilibrium in the infinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma.
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Alex decided to stop watching squirrels and open a squirrel pet store. She took $100,000 out of her saving, that was earning 20% interest each year, to buy a store location. Over the course of the year, she spent $4,000 on ski masks, $5,000 on nets, and $1,000 on coffee. She made $40,000 in total revenue. She paid herself $5,000. Calculate economic profit. Round to 2 decimal points. Do NOT include $ . - %
To calculate economic profit, we need to subtract all of Alex's expenses (including the opportunity cost of not earning interest on her savings) from her total revenue.
An economic profit is the difference between the revenue received from sales and the explicit costs of producing its goods and services, as well as any opportunity costs.
Opportunity cost of using savings: $100,000 * 20% = $20,000
Expenses: $4,000 + $5,000 + $1,000 + $5,000 (paid to herself) + $20,000 (opportunity cost) = $35,000
Total revenue: $40,000
Economic profit: $40,000 - $35,000 = $5,000
Therefore, Alex's economic profit for the year was $5,000.
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Question 3 0/2 pts According to Lawrence and Weber, the instrumental argument says stakeholder management is A more realistic description of how companies really work. Determined by the amount of stock owned in the firm. Ethicaly the right thing to do. More effective as a corporate strategy.
The instrumental justification for stakeholder management, according to Lawrence and Weber, claims that managing stakeholders is more successful as a corporate strategy.
Explain Lawrence and Weber management.This argument contends that businesses can build long-term value, improve their reputation, and lower the likelihood of unfavourable events by taking into account the demands and interests of all parties, including employees, clients, suppliers, communities, and shareholders. Because that businesses function inside a complicated web of relationships with different stakeholders, this method is thought to be a more accurate representation of how businesses actually operate. There is also the argument that considering the interests of all parties involved is morally correct and will ultimately improve financial results. Stakeholder management is therefore supported by the instrumental argument as a tactical strategy that is both ethical and practical.
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. During an induction program, Ravi lets the new recruits know that all the senior associates in the company should be addressed as either "Sir" or "Ma’am" depending on their gender. In this scenario, Ravi is using _____. a) haptics b) proxemics c) honorific speech d) code frame switching. During an induction program, Ravi lets the new recruits know that all the senior associates in the company should be addressed as either "Sir" or "Ma’am" depending on their gender. In this scenario, Ravi is using _____. a) haptics b) proxemics c) honorific speech d) code frame switching
In this scenario, Ravi is using honorific speech during the induction program to inform the new recruits about the appropriate way to address senior associates in the company.
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How does the "Cool Water" case study illustrate the concepts ofinteriority and exteriority? Provide examples from the casestudy.
The "Cool Water" case study illustrates the concepts of interiority and exteriority through its exploration of personal experiences and the external environment.
Interiority refers to an individual's inner thoughts, feelings, and emotions, while exteriority represents the external factors, circumstances, and influences that affect an individual. In the "Cool Water" case study, interiority is exemplified through the individual's personal experiences and emotional connections with the product. For instance, the feelings of freshness, relaxation, and rejuvenation that one experiences when using the "Cool Water" product demonstrate the interior aspects of their interaction with the product.
On the other hand, exteriority is illustrated through the external factors that influence the individual's perception and use of the product. This could include factors such as marketing, social influences, and cultural expectations. For example, the advertisement campaigns for "Cool Water" may emphasize its refreshing and invigorating qualities, which can create an external perception of the product that shapes the individual's experiences.
In conclusion, the "Cool Water" case study demonstrates the interplay between interiority and exteriority through the individual's personal experiences with the product and the external factors that shape their perception and use of it.
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Classify each of these transactions as an asset, a liability, or neither for each of the "players" in the money supply process-the federal reserve, banks, and depositors. a. You get a $10,000 loan from the bank to buy an automobile. b. You deposit $400 into your checking account at the local bank.c. The Fed provides an emergency loan to a bank for $1,000,000. d. A bank borrows $500,000 in overnight loans from another bank. e. You use your debit card to purchase a meal at a restaurant for $100.
To classify these transactions for each of the "players" in the money supply process: the Federal Reserve, banks, and depositors.
a. You get a $10,000 loan from the bank to buy an automobile.
- Federal Reserve: Neither
- Banks: Asset (loan receivable)
- Depositors: Liability (loan payable)
b. You deposit $400 into your checking account at the local bank.
- Federal Reserve: Neither
- Banks: Liability (customer deposits)
- Depositors: Asset (checking account balance)
c. The Fed provides an emergency loan to a bank for $1,000,000.
- Federal Reserve: Asset (loan receivable)
- Banks: Liability (loan payable)
- Depositors: Neither
d. A bank borrows $500,000 in overnight loans from another bank.
- Federal Reserve: Neither
- Banks: Both Asset (loan receivable for the lending bank) and Liability (loan payable for the borrowing bank)
- Depositors: Neither
e. You use your debit card to purchase a meal at a restaurant for $100.
- Federal Reserve: Neither
- Banks: Neither (the bank is just facilitating the transaction)
- Depositors: Asset reduction (decrease in checking account balance by $100)
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Suppose output per worker is y=10k^(.05) , the saving rate is 20%, and the depreciation rate is 5%. If the amount of capital per worker is currently 10, what will it be next period?Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer.a. 10.9b. 13.4c. 15.8d. 17.3
The correct answer is option a: 10.9
To calculate the amount of capital per worker in the next period, we need to use the formula:
k' = s*y + (1 - δ)*k
where k' is the amount of capital per worker in the next period, s is the saving rate, y is the output per worker, δ is the depreciation rate, and k is the amount of capital per worker in the current period.
Plugging in the values given:
s = 0.2
y = 10k^(0.05) = 10*10^(0.05) = 10*1.221 = 12.21
δ = 0.05
k = 10
k' = 0.2*12.21 + (1 - 0.05)*10
k' = 2.442 + 9.5
k' = 11.942
Therefore, the amount of capital per worker in the next period will be approximately 11.9, or option a. 10.9 (rounded to one decimal place).
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7. If the Central Bank wants to close this gap by changing the Money Supply in circulation, how much does the MS need to change to close this gap? What is the new interest rate? Show your work. [4 points) 8. Suppose instead that the Central Bank wants to reduce the money supply by raising reserve requirements instead. How much does it need to raise the reserve requirements to close this gap? Show your work. [3 points] For the purposes of the next questions, the First MD Curve is as before: MD = 20,000 - 1,0001 And the Second MD curve a new MD curve: MD 20,000 - 4001 In the case of the Second MD curve, also assume that the Money Supply begins at 15,200. (50 we start at the same interest rate in each case).9. With the Second MD Curve, would the Central Bank need to change the Money Supply by more or less than it would with the First MD Curve if it wanted to close this inflationary gap? Explain your answer. [2 points] 10. Which of the two curves would Keynesians believe is more likely to be the case? Which is more in line with the monetarist point of view? Explain your answer. [2 points]
The new interest rate is 30% also the central bank needs to raise the reserve ratio by 11.9 percentage points to close the gap.
To close the inflationary gap of 1,200, the central bank needs to reduce the money supply. Using the equation of exchange, we can calculate the required change in the money supply as:
MV = PY
Where M is the money supply, V is the velocity of money, P is the price level, and Y is the real GDP. Assuming velocity and real GDP remain constant, we can write:
ΔM = ΔP × Y / V
ΔP is the change in the price level, which is equal to the inflationary gap divided by the initial price level:
ΔP = 1,200 / 20,000 = 0.06
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
ΔM = 0.06 × 20,000 / 5 = 240
Therefore, the central bank needs to reduce the money supply by $240 billion to close the inflationary gap.
To find the new interest rate, we can use the equation of the demand for money:
M d = k × Y - h × i
Where Md is the demand for money, Y is the real GDP, i is the interest rate, and k and h are constants. Assuming real GDP and the parameters k and h remain constant, we can solve for the new interest rate
M d = M s
k × Y - h × i1 = M s
k × Y - h × i2 = M s - 240
Subtracting the second equation from the first, we get:
h × (i2 - i1) = 240
i2 - i1 = 240 / h
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
i2 - 0.06 = 240 / 1,000 = 0.24
i2 = 0.30
Therefore, the new interest rate is 30%.
If the central bank wants to close the gap by raising reserve requirements, it needs to increase the reserve ratio by an amount that reduces the money supply by $240 billion. Assuming an initial reserve ratio of 10%, we can solve for the new reserve ratio as:
ΔM / (1 - R2) = M × ΔR / (1 - R1)
Where R1 is the initial reserve ratio, R2 is the new reserve ratio, and ΔR is the change in the reserve ratio. Plugging in the numbers, we get:
240 / (1 - R2) = 2,400 × ΔR / (1 - 0.1)
ΔR = (1 - 0.1) × 240 / (2,400 - 240 × 0.1) = 0.119
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