At 25 ∘C, the equilibrium partial pressures for the reaction 3A(g)+4B(g)↽−⇀2C(g)+3D(g) were found to be PA=4.62 atm, PB=4.36 atm, PC=4.36 atm, and PD=4.70 atm. What is the standard change in Gibbs free energy of this reaction at 25 ∘C?

A chemist would most likely study how rain affects statues as it involves analyzing the physical and chemical changes caused by rainfall on different materials, such as metal or limestone.

A chemist would most likely study 'how rain affects statues'. This query falls under the domain of chemistry as it involves the study of physical and chemical changes caused by rainfall on different materials. Rainwater, due to the presence of various dissolved gases, can be slightly acidic. When this water comes in contact with statues, especially those made of certain metals or limestone, it can react causing corrosion or weathering, which a chemist would study.

In the case of metal statues, the acidic nature of rainwater can initiate corrosion processes, leading to the gradual degradation of the metal's surface. This phenomenon involves chemical reactions that a chemist is well-equipped to elucidate and study.

For statues crafted from limestone or other calcareous materials, rainwater can cause weathering, a process that involves chemical dissolution and physical erosion. Understanding the chemical intricacies of these reactions falls squarely within the purview of chemistry.

Hence, the study of 'how rain affects statues' inherently encompasses the investigation of the chemical alterations and transformations induced by rainfall, rendering it a quintessential domain of chemistry. This research not only sheds light on the impact of environmental factors on cultural artifacts but also contributes to the broader understanding of chemical interactions in the natural world.

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The data collected by Leah and Paul supports Paul's opinion that matter can exist even when it is not visible.

Support is a term used to describe a range of services and resources offered to individuals in need. It can refer to providing help with practical tasks, such as helping someone to manage their finances or providing transport to medical appointments. It can also refer to providing emotional or social support. This could involve providing counselling or having regular conversations to help someone to feel understood and supported. Support can also refer to offering advice and guidance, or providing a safe space for someone to talk and express their feelings. In its broadest sense, support is about helping someone to have the best quality of life they can.

This is because the mass of the inflated bag is greater than the mass of the empty bag despite the fact that the volume of the inflated bag is much greater. This shows that the inflated bag contains air, which is matter, even though it cannot be seen.

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The new temperature of a sample of gas initially at 0°C and contains 100L is 546K.

The temperature of a gas can be calculated using the Charles' law equation as follows:

V₁/T₁ = V₂T₂

Where;

According to this question, the volume of a sample of a gas at 0°C is 100 liters. If the volume of the gas is increased to 200 liters at constant pressure, the new temperature is as follows:

100/273 = 200/T₂

200 × 273 = 100T₂

T₂ = 546K

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The depth of the Grand Canyon at the spot where you can hear your echo 5.2 seconds after you shout is 884 meters.

The equation to find the distance from speed and time is:

distance = speed x time

In this problem, we are given the speed of sound (340 m/s) and the time it takes for the sound to travel to the bottom of the canyon and back (5.2 s). To find the distance from the top of the canyon to the bottom, we can use the above equation:

distance = speed x time = 340 m/s x 5.2 s = 1768 m

However, this distance represents the total distance traveled by the sound wave, which includes the distance from the top of the canyon to the bottom and back to the top. Since we are only interested in the depth of the canyon, we need to divide the total distance by two:

depth of canyon = distance / 2 = 1768 m / 2 = 884 m

Therefore, the depth of the Grand Canyon at the spot where you can hear your echo 5.2 seconds after you shout is 884 meters.

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NaOH is a base through all 3 definitions of base: Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis.

Arrhenius

An Arrhenius base is defined as a compound that increases the OH⁻ concentration in an aqueous solution. In other words, Arrhenius bases are compounds that have an OH⁻ ion. NaOH does dissolve into Na⁺ + OH⁻, so it will increase the OH⁻ of a solution. This means the compound is an Arrhenius base.

Bronsted-Lowry

Bronsted-Lowry bases are defined as a species that can accept a proton. Remember that a proton can be shown as H⁺. As stated above, NaOH dissolves into Na⁺ + OH⁻. In this form, the OH⁻ can accept the H⁺ to create H₂O. Thus, NaOH is a Bronsted-Lowry base.

Lewis Base

Lewis bases are compounds that can donate an electron pair. The O in dissolved NaOH has 3 electron pairs, which is what causes the negative charge on OH⁻. The O is able to donate one of the electron pairs to another species during a reaction. So, NaOH is a Lewis base.

0.785 g of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) are produced when 0.38 g of lithium nitride (Li₃N) reacts with an excess of water.

we can see that 3 moles of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) are produced for every 1 mole of lithium nitride (Li₃N) that reacts.

To determine the mass of LiOH produced from 0.38 g of Li₃N, we need to first calculate the number of moles of Li₃N present:

molar mass of Li₃N = 3 x atomic mass of Li + 1 x atomic mass of N

= 3 x 6.94 g/mol + 1 x 14.01 g/mol

= 34.83 g/mol

moles of Li₃N = mass / molar mass

= 0.38 g / 34.83 g/mol

= 0.01093 mol

Since the balanced equation shows that 1 mole of Li₃N produces 3 moles of LiOH, we can calculate the number of moles of LiOH produced:

moles of LiOH = 3 x moles of Li₃N

= 3 x 0.01093 mol

= 0.03279 mol

Finally, we can use the molar mass of LiOH to convert from moles to grams:

molar mass of LiOH = atomic mass of Li + 1 x atomic mass of O + 1 x atomic mass of H

= 6.94 g/mol + 15.99 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol

= 23.94 g/mol

mass of LiOH produced = moles of LiOH x molar mass of LiOH

= 0.03279 mol x 23.94 g/mol

= 0.785 g

Therefore, approximately 0.785 g of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) are produced when 0.38 g of lithium nitride (Li₃N) reacts with an excess of water.

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The amount of dry solute it would take to prepare 118 mL of 0.105 M NaNO3 is 1.05g.

The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by its molar mass as follows:

mass = no of moles × molar mass

However, the number of moles it took to prepare 118 mL of 0.105 M NaNO3 must be calculated as follows;

no of moles = 0.105 × 0.118 = 0.0124 moles

molar mass of sodium nitrate = 85g/mol

mass = 85g/mol × 0.0124 moles = 1.05g

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The mass of the percent of the 10 g solute in the 105 g solvent is 8.69 %.

The mass of the solute = 10 g

The mass of the solvent = 105 g

The mass of the solution = 10 g + 105 g

The mass of the solution = 115 g

The mass of the percent is expressed as :

The mass of percent = ( mass of solute / mass of solution ) × 100 %

The mass of solute = 10 g

The mass of solution = 115 g

The mass of percent = ( 10 / 115 ) × 100 %

The mass of percent = 8.69 %

Thus, the mass of percent is 8.69 % and the mass of solute is 10 and the mass of the solution is 115 g.

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a. On introducing 12g of HCl, 0.047 moles of sodium chloride are produced and b. On introducing 2.1 moles of sodium dichromate, 4.2 moles of chromium (III) chloride are produced.

Number of moles = Mass of the molecule (in grams) / Molar mass of the molecule (in grams per mole)

a. To solve this problem, we need to balance the chemical equation first:

Na₂Cr₂O7 + 14HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 2NaCl + 7Cl₂ + 7H₂O

The balanced equation shows that for every 14 moles of HCl, 2 moles of NaCl are produced.

So, to find the number of moles of NaCl produced from 12g of HCl, we first need to convert grams to moles using the molar mass of HCl.

Molar mass of HCl = 1.008 + 35.453 = 36.461 g/mol

Number of moles of HCl = mass / molar mass = 12g / 36.461 g/mol = 0.329 mol

Now, we can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to find the number of moles of NaCl produced:

2 moles NaCl / 14 moles HCl * 0.329 mol HCl = 0.047 moles NaCl

Therefore, 0.047 moles of sodium chloride are produced.

b. Using the balanced equation from part a, we can see that the mole ratio between sodium dichromate and chromium (III) chloride is 1:2.

So, if 2.1 moles of sodium dichromate are introduced, we can find the number of moles of chromium (III) chloride produced by multiplying the number of moles of sodium dichromate by the mole ratio:

2.1 moles Na₂Cr₂O₇ * 2 moles CrCl₃ / 1 mole Na₂Cr₂O₇ = 4.2 moles CrCl₃

Therefore, 4.2 moles of chromium (III) chloride are produced.

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Show a greater conductivity than the covalent compound. This is because of the existence of strong electrostatic forces between the ions of the ionic compounds.

A force is an external agent capable of changing a body's state of rest or motion. It has a magnitude and a direction.A force is not something that an object contains or 'has in it'. A force is exerted on one object by another. The idea of a force is not limited to living things or non-living things.

it is formed by the loss or gain of an electron by an atom. Ions are of two types: cations and anions. For example, A sodium ion (Na+ ) is formed when a sodium atom loses one electron.

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The running pressure of the HPLC procedure in torr is approximately 2068.2687 torr.

What is Chromatography?

Chromatography is a technique used to separate, identify, and analyze the components of a mixture based on their differential affinities to a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is widely used in chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, environmental science, forensics, and other fields for purification, separation, and analysis of chemical compounds.

To convert pressure from pascals (Pa) to torr, we can use the following conversion:

1 torr = 101325 Pa

So, to convert the pressure from pascals to torr, we can divide the pressure in pascals by 101325.

Given:

Pressure in pascals (Pa) = 2.09 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] Pa

Using the conversion factor:

Pressure in torr = (2.09 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex]Pa) / 101325 Pa/torr

Calculating the numerical value in torr:

Pressure in torr = 2068.2687 torr (rounded to four decimal places)

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Answer:

Volume required ≈ 20.8 mL

When a solution is diluted, the total number of moles of solute (n), does not change. Only the total solution volume changes. As n=cV (molarity formula, where n = moles, c = concentration, V = volume), then the value of cV is a constant when diluting solutions. This can be expressed by the ratio:

c₁V₁ = c₂V₂, where subscripts 1 and 2 represent the concentrated and dilute solutions.

To dilute a solution of 6.0 M HCl to 0.25 M with a total volume of 0.500 L, we can use the dilution formula, where initial and final concentrations = 6.0 M and 0.25 M respectively, and final volume = 0.500 L (500 mL).

Hence, 6.0×V₁ = 0.25×0.500 = 0.125

V₁ = 0.125/6.0 = 0.02083 L

Therefore, the volume we require is ≈ 20.8 mL

0.86 moles of [tex]N_2[/tex] and 1.72 moles of Li will react.

We must place a 3 coefficient in front of Li in order to bring the equation into balance:

[tex]N_2 + 2Li = 2Li_3N[/tex]

The balanced equation demonstrates that 2 moles of Li and 1 mole of N2 react to create 2 moles of Li3N. Therefore, we can apply the following dimensional analysis to determine how many moles of Li will react with 0.86 moles of N2:

[tex]0.86 mol N_2 x (2 mol Li / 1 mol N_2) = 1.72 mol Li[/tex]

A declaration that two expressions with variables or integers are equal. In essence, equations are questions and attempts to systematically identify the solutions to these questions have been the driving forces behind the creation of mathematics.

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The percent yield for the reaction is 13.1%. it is the weight of the product that was obtained to the theoretical yield as a percentage.

The percentage yield is the figure computed to represent the discrepancy between the theoretical yield and the actual yield of an experiment. Both the desired products and the by-products are produced when experimenting with various solutions or when preparing chemical solutions.

We must convert the amounts of NO and O2 to moles since 1 mol of NO reacts with 1/2 mol of O2:

moles of NO = 33.6 g / 30.01 g/mol = 1.12 mol

moles of O2 = 26.9 g / 32.00 g/mol = 0.84 mol

Since O2 is limiting, Our calculations will be based on the amount of oxygen present.

moles of NO2 = 0.84 mol O2 × (2 mol NO2 / 1 mol O2) × (2 mol NO / 1 mol NO2)

                       = 3.36 mol NO2

The molar mass of NO2 is 46.01 g/mol,

the theoretical yield in grams is:

mass of NO2 = 3.36 mol × 46.01 g/mol = 154.34 g

percent yield = (20.2 g / 154.34 g) × 100% = 13.1%

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Answer:

The CCl4 gas would need to be heated to -178.7 °C to have a volume of 2.00 liters at 250 °C.

Step-by-step explanation:

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of CCl4:

[tex]\sf:\implies n = \dfrac{m}{M}[/tex]

[tex]\sf:\implies n = \dfrac{75.0\: g}{154.0\: g/mol}[/tex]

[tex]\sf:\implies n = 0.487\: moles[/tex]

Next, we can use the ideal gas law to solve for the temperature:

[tex]\sf\qquad\dashrightarrow PV = nRT[/tex]

where:

We need to convert the given temperature of 250 °C to Kelvin:

[tex]\sf:\implies T = 250 ^{\circ}C + 273.15[/tex]

[tex]\sf:\implies T = 523.15\: K[/tex]

Now we can plug in the values and solve for T:

[tex]\sf:\implies (1\: atm)(2.00\: L) = (0.487\: mol)(0.08206\: L\cdot atm/mol\cdot K)T[/tex]

[tex]\sf:\implies T = \dfrac{(1\: atm)(2.00\: L)}{(0.487\: mol)(0.08206\: L\cdot atm/mol\cdot K)}[/tex]

[tex]\sf:\implies T = 94.5\: K[/tex]

Finally, we need to convert the temperature back to Celsius:

[tex]\sf:\implies T = 94.5\: K - 273.15[/tex]

[tex]\sf:\implies \boxed{\bold{\:\:T = -178.7 ^{\circ}C\:\:}}\:\:\:\green{\checkmark}[/tex]

Therefore, the CCl4 gas would need to be heated to -178.7 °C to have a volume of 2.00 liters at 250 °C.

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Two alkenes may be produced when sodium ethoxide is used to treat 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane in ethanol. Saytzeff's rule governs the reaction pathway, leading to the formation of 2 methyl 2 butene as the main product, which is a more substituted alkene.

Inorganic synthesis uses sodium ethoxide, 21% w/w in ethanol, as a powerful base. It is used in a variety of chemical processes, including esterification, alkoxylation, condensation, and etherification. It participates actively in the Wolf-Kishner reduction, Stobbe reaction, and Claisen condensation.

Because ethoxide ions are Brnsted-Lowry bases and remove hydrogen ions from water molecules to form hydroxide ions, which raise the pH, the solution is extremely alkaline.

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1) Decomposition

2) Double replacement

3) Single replacement

4) Synthesis reaction

5) Single replacement

6) Synthesis reaction

7) Synthesis reaction

8) Single replacement

9) Double replacement

10) Synthesis reaction

11) Synthesis reaction

A chemical reaction is a process  that results in the conversion of one group of chemical compounds into another. In order to create a new material or substances, chemical bonds between atoms, ions, or molecules must be broken and formed. Reactants are the substances that start a chemical reaction, while products are the substances that come out of the process.

The law of conservation of mass requires that during a chemical process, the total amount of matter remains constant.

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Due to the principle of overlay, in an intact sequence of sedimentary stones, every single layer of rock is elder that the one above and younger that the one below it, with the oldest rocks at the bottom as the latest ones at the top

The multiple vertical layers of sedimentary material demonstrate the original horizontality concept (see Figure below). The law in deposition states that the youngest layers of rocks occupy the highest point whereas the earliest were at the bottom.

The Theory of superposition, that asserts that in an unbroken horizontal succession of rocks, the most ancient layers are on the bottom, and gradually younger ones on top, aids geologists in correlating rock strata all around the world.

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Three patterns that are true regarding seasons on Earth are: 1. Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis. 2. Seasons are opposite in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. 3. Seasons are characterized by changes in temperature and weather patterns.

As Earth orbits around the sun, different parts of the planet receive varying amounts of sunlight depending on their angle to the sun.

When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.

For example, summer is typically associated with warm temperatures, longer days, and increased humidity, while winter is associated with colder temperatures, shorter days, and often snow or rain.

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we can estimate that approximately 1.54 grams of water will be produced when 4.95 grams of Fe3O4 react completely with hydrogen.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Fe₃O₄  and hydrogen is:

Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂ → 3Fe + 4H₂O

we can see that 4 moles of hydrogen react with 1 mole of Fe₃O₄  to produce 4 moles of water.

To find the number of moles of Fe₃O₄  in 4.95g, we need to divide the mass by the molar mass of Fe₃O₄ :

4.95 g Fe₃O₄  / (231.53 g/mol Fe₃O₄ ) = 0.0214 mol Fe₃O₄

According to the mole ratio in the balanced equation, 4 moles of hydrogen produce 4 moles of water. Therefore, we can calculate the number of moles of hydrogen required to react with 0.0214 mol Fe₃O₄ :

0.0214 mol Fe₃O₄ × (4 mol H2 / 1 mol Fe₃O₄ ) = 0.0855 mol H2

Finally, we can use the molar mass of water to calculate the mass of water produced:

0.0855 mol H₂O × (18.02 g/mol H2O) = 1.54 g H₂O

Therefore, we can estimate that approximately 1.54 grams of water will be produced when 4.95 grams of Fe₃O₄  react completely with hydrogen.

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Answer:

c. The frequency or amplitude of the sound waves will change if the singer varies their voice.

d. The produced sound waves are mechanical waves.

f. Producing the sound does not change the wave type.

g. The frequency or amplitude of the sound waves will not change

These statements are true. Sound waves are mechanical waves, meaning they require a medium to travel through, such as air or water. Producing sound involves creating vibrations in the medium, which then propagate as sound waves. The frequency and amplitude of the sound waves will change depending on the characteristics of the source producing the sound. However, producing sound does not change the type of wave from mechanical to electromagnetic, or vice versa

A: Polar Attraction, because water molecules have a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the other end, which causes them to be attracted to each other due to electrostatic forces.

Polar attraction is the attraction between two polar molecules. Polar molecules contain atoms with slightly different charges, resulting in a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end of the molecule. The attractive force that occurs between two polar molecules is the result of the positively charged end of one molecule being attracted to the negatively charged end of the other molecule. This type of attraction is known as a dipole-dipole interaction.

Electrostatic forces are forces of attraction or repulsion between particles that are caused by their electrical charge. Electrically charged particles are either positively or negatively charged, and they exert a force on each other that is proportional to the magnitude of their charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Electrostatic forces can be used to explain phenomena such as the attraction of dust particles to surfaces and the clustering of ions in a solution.

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The solution has a molarity of 0.0924 M.

The number of moles of solute per litre of solution is known as molarity.. For instance, water is both the solution and the solute when table salt is dissolved in it. Each mole of sodium chloride weighs 58.44 grammes. 58.44 grammes of sodium chloride are dissolved in one litre of water to produce one molar solution, or 1M.

Moles of solute per litre of solution is known as molarity (M).

Given: moles of NH3 = 0.355, volume of solution = 3.84 L

Molarity = 0.355 moles / 3.84 L = 0.0924 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.0924 M.

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When heated, ammonium nitrate decomposes explosively according to the balancing equation: 2 NH₄NO₃(s) + 2 N₂(g) + 4 H₂O(g) Calculate the total volume of gas generated by the full breakdown of 1.55 kg of ammonium nitrate (at 125 °C and 748 mmHg).

When ammonium nitrate is heated, it produces nitrous oxide and water molecules. When ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) is heated, it produces nitrous oxide (N₂O) and water (H₂O).

Endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water occurs because more energy is consumed to separate the ions in the solid than is created when the ions establish new connections with water molecules.

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Explanation:

41.3 × (6.022 × 10²³)

248.7 × 10²³

2.487 × 10²⁵

Answer:

If a 0.5 mL air bubble is present in the tip of a burette, the initial reading will be too high by 0.5 mL. If the air bubble is dislodged during the dispensing of the samples, the final reading will be too low by 0.5 mL. This will result in a systematic error in the volume measurements.

To calculate the percent error in the volume measurements, we can use the formula:

% error = (systematic error / true value) x 100

For a 5-mL sample, the true value is 5 mL. If the air bubble is dislodged, the measured volume will be 4.5 mL, resulting in a systematic error of 0.5 mL. Therefore, the percent error is:

% error = (0.5 / 5) x 100 = 10%

For a 20-mL sample, the true value is 20 mL. If the air bubble is dislodged, the measured volume will be 19.5 mL, resulting in a systematic error of 0.5 mL. Therefore, the percent error is:

% error = (0.5 / 20) x 100 = 2.5%

For a 25-mL sample, the true value is 25 mL. If the air bubble is dislodged, the measured volume will be 24.5 mL, resulting in a systematic error of 0.5 mL. Therefore, the percent error is:

% error = (0.5 / 25) x 100 = 2%

So, the percent error in the volume measurements will be higher for smaller samples, and lower for larger samples.

The percent error for a 5 mL sample is 10%, for a 20 mL sample is 2.5%, and for a 25 mL sample is 2%.

The percent error can be calculated using the formula:

Percent Error = ((Actual Value - Experimental Value) / Actual Value)×100%

In this case, the actual value is the volume of the sample (5 mL, 20 mL, or 25 mL) and the experimental value is the volume obtained if the air bubble is dislodged.

The percent error for a 5 mL sample would be:

Percent Error = ((5 mL - 4.5 mL) / 5 mL ) ×100% = 10%

The percent error for a 20 mL sample would be:

Percent Error =( (20 mL - 19.5 mL) / 20 mL) ×100% = 2.5%

The percent error for a 25 mL sample would be:

Percent Error = ((25 mL - 24.5 mL) / 25 mL) × 100% = 2%

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Therefore, if 3.0 moles of Potassium chlorate are completely destroyed, 4.5 moles of oxygen will form.

Therefore, there will be 36=18 moles of water molecules in 3 moles of the material. Keep in mind that there are 6.02 x 1023 molecules in a mole of molecules. Thus, there will be 6.021023181.081025 water molecules in total here.

If 2 moles of Potassium chlorate decompose to form 3 moles of oxygen, then 1 mole of Potassium chlorate will decompose to form 3/2 moles of oxygen.

Therefore, to find out how many moles of oxygen will form from 3.0 moles of Potassium chlorate, we can use the following calculation:

moles of oxygen = moles of Potassium chlorate x (3/2)

[tex]moles of oxygen = 3.0 mol x (3/2)[/tex]

moles of oxygen = 4.5 mol.

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The word equation for the skeleton chemical equation would be Ethane gas + Oxygen gas -> Carbon dioxide gas + Water vapor.

Described in this reaction, ethane (C2H6) and oxygen (O2) unite to synthesize carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). The reactants are situated on the left side of the arrow marker, while the products are displayed on the right. All entities specified are presented in the gaseous state as denoted by the (g) symbol.

The word equation for the skeleton chemical reaction C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) -> CO2 (g) + H2O (g) is showcased as follows:

Ethane gas + Oxygen gas -> Carbon dioxide gas + Water vapor

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The volume (in liters) of ammonia, NH₃ produced from the reaction is 127 liters (option C)

First, we shall determine the mole in 17 g of H₂. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of H₂ = 17/ 2

Mole of H₂ = 8.5 moles

Next, we shall determine the volume of H₂. Details below:

1 mole of hydrogen gas, H₂ = 22.4 Liters

Therefore,

8.5 moles of hydrogen gas, H₂ = (1.24 mole × 22.4 Liters) / 1 mole

8.5 moles of hydrogen gas = 190.4 liters

Finally, we shall determine the volume of ammonia, NH₃ produced. This is shown below:

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) -> 2NH₃(g)

From the above equtaion,

3 liters of H₂ reacted with 2 liters of NH₃

Therefore

190.4 liters of H₂ will react = (190.4 liters × 2 liters) / 3 liters = 127 liters of NH₃

Thus, from the above illustration, we can conclude that the volume of ammonia, NH₃ produced  is 127 liters (option C)

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