Protein synthesis involves the transcription of DNA into mRNA and then the translation of the mRNA into a protein. The process begins in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. This process is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which reads the DNA sequence and generates a complementary mRNA sequence. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm.
In the cytoplasm, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, which consist of rRNA and protein. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence in groups of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon specifies an amino acid, which is added to the growing protein chain.
tRNA molecules, which are specific to each amino acid, bring the amino acids to the ribosome. The tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA. This ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the protein chain.
The process of translation continues until the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA. At this point, the protein is complete and it is released from the ribosome. The protein then folds into its three-dimensional structure, which is essential for its function.
Overall, protein synthesis is a complex process that involves the transcription of DNA into mRNA, the translation of mRNA into protein, and the interaction of tRNA and ribosomes to ensure the correct amino acid sequence. The resulting protein is crucial for the function of the cell and the organism as a whole.
____ carries deoxygenated blood from lungs to heart . A.plumonary vein. b.aorta. c.vena cava. d.renal artery
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs all the way to the heart.
The correct option is option A.
Pulmonary veins are basically the blood vessels which carry the oxygenated or the oxygen-rich blood from our lungs all the way to our heart. The pulmonary veins are basically the part of the pulmonary circuit of our body. This circuit is a system of blood vessels which perform the function of moving the blood between our heart as well as our lungs.
The deoxygenated blood from our heart is carried to the lungs with the help of the pulmonary artery.
Hence, option A is correct.
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--The given question is incorrect, the correct question is
"______ carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart . A.plumonary vein. b.aorta. c.vena cava. d.renal artery"--
describe the scientific approach to knowledge. how does it differ from other approaches?
The scientific approach to knowledge is a systematic process of inquiry and observation that is used to acquire and validate knowledge.
It involves the formulation of hypotheses based on observations and evidence, followed by experimentation and evaluation. The scientific approach is based on the principles of objectivity, reproduce, empirical testing, and logical reasoning. This approach is different from other approaches to knowledge in that it is evidence-based and relies on rigorous experimentation to test hypotheses and come to valid conclusions. It also differs in that it is not based solely on subjective experience or opinion, but rather on evidence and data. This approach is critical for the advancement of science and technology, as it allows for the establishment of facts and the development of reliable theories and models.
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What is the role of proteasome in cell?
Answer:
Протеасома — це великий білковий комплекс, який міститься в клітинах і відіграє вирішальну роль у регуляції клітинних процесів шляхом розкладання пошкоджених білків
Explanation:
The anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula serves as an attachment site for which muscle?
a. serratus anterior
b. supraspinatus
c. rhomboids
d. latissimus dorsi
The medial edge of the anterior surface of the scapula is where the serratus anterior muscle attaches. The correct muscle choice is option a.
The medial border, superior angle, and inferior angle of the scapula are where the fan-shaped serratus anterior muscle inserts. It begins at the lateral wall of the thorax on the superolateral surfaces of the first to eighth or first to ninth ribs.
Deep beneath the scapula and the pectoral muscles is this chest muscle. This muscle is essential for dynamic movement. The control of the scapula during pushing and upper elevation activities is also aided by this muscle.
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what is the membrane potential (vm) of a cell that is equally permeable to potassium, sodium, and chloride ions?
The membrane potential (Vm) of a cell that is equally permeable to potassium, sodium, and chloride ions is known as the equilibrium potential.That is approximately -20mV
This potential is determined by the concentrations of each ion inside and outside of the cell. In a solution with equal concentrations of potassium, sodium, and chloride ions, the equilibrium potential is approximately -20 mV.Membrane potential (Vm) is the electric potential difference across a cell membrane, usually measured in millivolts (mV). It is the electrical manifestation of the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane, and is determined by the concentrations of ions across the membrane.
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Consider the following reaction. What type of bond is holding the two atoms together? K+Br-> K*+ Br -> KBr
The two atoms are joined by an ionic sort of connection. One chemical element differs from the others due to its atoms, which are tiny pieces of substance. The main structural component of an atom is its nucleus.
What substances comprise atoms?The primary particle types that make up an atom are quarks and electrons. The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by a region of electrons. Every electron has a negative electrical charge attached to it. Quarks are the building blocks of the protons and neutrons that make up the atom's nucleus.
Why are atoms named?Yet when it comes to the atom's name, we have to go back to ancient Greece around the year 400 B.C. Democritus, a great philosopher, suggested the use of the Greek word atomos, which means "uncuttable."
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Help please tyyy!!
Would you fell better if this were your grocery store, knowing that they are challenging suppliers to keep their prices lower? Why do you think they are doing so, when they could simply pass the increase onto consumers through
higher prices?
Answer:
In general, the lower the price of a given product or service, the greater the quantity people will be willing to buy. The higher the price of the product or service, the lower the quantity that people will be willing to buy.
Explanation:
Which hormone is responsible for aiding in the secretion of IgA in breast milk?
A. Prolactin B. Calcitonin C. Epinephrine D. LH
The hormone responsible for aiding in the secretion of IgA in breast milk is Prolactin. Here option A is the correct answer.
Prolactin is a peptide hormone that is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays an essential role in lactation by stimulating milk production in mammary gland alveoli. Prolactin acts on the alveolar cells of the mammary gland, promoting milk secretion and the synthesis of milk components such as IgA.
IgA is an immunoglobulin that plays an important role in the immune defense of the newborn, as it provides passive immunity against bacteria and viruses present in the environment.
During breastfeeding, the infant's suckling stimulates the production of prolactin by the pituitary gland. Prolactin, in turn, stimulates milk production, and the secretion of IgA into the breast milk. Thus, the release of prolactin in response to suckling ensures the production of milk that contains IgA, which plays a vital role in the protection of the infant from infections.
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For a diploid organism, what is the correct definition of a genotype? A.the entirety of all genes found in germ line cells. B.the version of the gene the organism has. C.the expression of the genes found in somatic cells. D.a specific combination of alleles at a specific locus.
D. a particular set of alleles at the a particular locus. The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up; in other terms, it characterises an organism's whole gene pool.
The phrase can also be used to describe to the genotypes, or different forms of the a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning. The genetic configuration of a property that an organism inherits from its parents is called a genotype. The total set of genes that a child or adult acquired from each parent is referred to as the genotype. The genes we receive from our parents via reproduction determine our genotype. Our parents pass on to us all of the genes that make up our genotype, which is the genetic make-up of an organism.
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what procedure can be used to retrieve a stone that is in the kidney pelvis?
The main procedure used to retrieve a stone that is in the kidney pelvis is called extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).
The ESWL procedure uses high-energy shock waves to break up the stones into smaller bits that may be passed in the urine. It is non-invasive. This therapy is typically recommended over alternative approaches like open surgery since it is less intrusive and has less hazards.
The kidney stone is the only target of the ESWL technique, which involves placing the patient on a water-filled cushion. The stone is broken up into small enough bits by the shockwave fragments that they may be passed in the urine.
The treatment typically lasts 30 to 60 minutes and is carried out while the patient is under general anaesthesia.
The patient is often observed for a few hours following the treatment to make sure that all of the pieces have gone. If any of the particles are too big to pass, further therapy may occasionally be required.
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what are the 22 bones of the skull
There are 22 bones in the skull, as well as a ton of cartilage and ligaments. All of the skull's other bones, excluding the mandible, are fused together.
The majority of adult specimens have 22 bones in the skull, which are connected by cranial sutures. The skull serves a structurally supporting and protective purpose. The cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and orbits are the interior contents of the skull that will harden and fuse during development to preserve them.
The skull's bones can be split into two primary groups:
There are 14 facial skeletal bones and 8 cranial bones.
The list of neurocranial bones is as follows: Ethmoid -1, Frontal -1, Occipital -1, Parietal -2, Sphenoid-1, Temporal -2
The list of facial skeleton bones is as follows:
Inferior nasal concha -2, Lacrimal -2, Mandible -1, Maxilla -2, Nasal -2, Platine -2, Vomer -1, Zygomatic -2
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the business definition underscores the scope of an organization’s operations apparent in its mission and reflects management’s vision of what the organization seeks to do. True or false?
True. The business definition highlights the operations that an organization is known for, as indicated by its mission, and it reflects management's goals for the company.
An organization's purpose, when expressed in writing, highlights the range of its operations as indicated by its business definition and expresses management's ideals for the organization. To gauge how well an organization is performing, goals translate its mission and core competencies into long- and short-term performance targets.
Operational goals are the precise outcomes anticipated from divisions, teams, and individuals. These objectives are specific and quantifiable. The exchange, acquisition, sale, or creation of goods and services with the aim of making money and meeting client demands constitutes business.
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What is the name for the classification system that uses two names? answer choices.a. taxonomy levels. b. classification studies. c. inomial theorem
The name for the classification system that uses two names is called as binomial nomenclature, which means option D is the right answer.
Binomial nomenclature is the system which uses two names which describes the genus and species of the organism. It is given by Carolus Linnaeus who felt that different organisms and vegetative items are known by different names in different parts of the world so giving them a universal and scientific name will make it easy for the people and scientists all over the world to recognize the item if explained with the help of its binomial nomenclature.
It is made up of two names which includes a generic name and a specific epithet. For example: Let us consider the item mango. It is known by different names in different languages but its binomial nomenclature is Mangifera indica which remains same all over the world. Such names are either written in Italics or in Latin and the first letter of the name is written in capital letters.
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Refer to complete question below:
What is the name for the classification system that uses two names?
A. Taxonomy levels.
C. Classification studies
B. Binomial theorem
D. Binomial nomenclature
Select all of the following that are true with respect to genomes. Check all that apply. A) In eukaryotic cells, the genome is usually divided up into multiple chromosomes. B) In prokaryotic cells, the genome is usually divided up into multiple chromosomes. C) In eukaryotic cells, the genome usually consists of just one circular DNA molecule. D)In prokaryotic cells, the genome usually consists of just one circular DNA molecule
Choose any of the following comments about genomes that are accurate. Mark each box that applies. The genome is typically divided into several chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. within prokaryotic
The human genome is what?
The 23 pairs of chromosomes in cell nuclei plus a smaller DNA molecule present in each mitochondria make up the human genome, which is the full set of nucleotide sequences for humans.
Why is the genome significant and what does it do?
Every genome contains all the data required to create that organism and for its growth and development. Billions of cells (100,000,000,000,000) make up our bodies, and each one contains a complete set of instructions for building us, much like a recipe book for the body. Our genome is a collection of instructions that is composed of DNA.
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Which of the following levels of biological organization is the most inclusive?
Select one:
a. A tissue.
b. An organ.
c. An organism.
d. An organ system.
e. A cell.
Answer:
C. An organism
Explanation:
The correct order from least inclusive to most inclusive is: Cell (basic unit of life), tissue (made up of cells), an organ (made up of tissues), an organ system (made up of organs), and an organism (made up of organ systems).
what of the following is the most powerful form of microscopy? Choose the answer
a. dark-field b. electron c. fluorescence d. light e. phase contrast
Option c is Correct. Among all types of microscopy, fluorescence is the most effective. A multitude of uses have resulted from this characteristic.
Fluorescence is a property that some compounds have that allows them to emit visible light after absorbing radiation that is otherwise invisible, like ultraviolet light. A cryogenic electron microscope called Titan Krios, which allows samples to be examined at the atomic level, has just been introduced by the Institut Pasteur. Knowing more about the structure of living things will be feasible thanks to this cutting-edge instrument.
Typical electron microscopes, which were first developed in the 1930s, have a magnification range of up to 10,000,000x and can look closely at a variety of biological and inorganic objects, including metals, crystal formations, cells, and microbes. The ability to see details comes from electrons' shorter wavelength than visible light.
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contraindications for calcium channel blockers apply to
Calcium channel blockers are a class of medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders. Like all medications, calcium channel blockers have contraindications, specific medical conditions, or situations where the drug is not recommended or should be used cautiously.
Why are calcium channel blockers used?Calcium Channel Blockers treat high blood pressure (hypertension), angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders such as atrial fibrillation. They can also treat certain neurological conditions such as migraines and Raynaud's syndrome.
What are the three main types of calcium channel blockers?There are three primary types of calcium channel blockers. They are Dihydropyridines, Non-dihydropyridines, and Dual-action calcium channel blockers.
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When an ion crosses the membrane and uses to a protein to accomplish this feat, it is using:
A. Passive diffusion
B. Facilitate diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Either B or C
The process that described, where an ion uses a protein to cross a membrane, is called "ion transport".Here the answer is option D.
If the ion is crossing the membrane by moving down its concentration gradient and using a protein to facilitate its movement, this is an example of "facilitated diffusion," which is a type of passive transport.
If the ion is moving against its concentration gradient and using a protein to do so, this is an example of "active transport," which requires the input of energy in the form of ATP.
Therefore, the answer to your question is D. Either B or C, depending on whether the ion is moving down or against its concentration gradient.
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The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones are called the sagittal suture (true or false)
Producers are organisms that make their own food. Producers are any kind of green plant. Which organisms in the Desert Biome Food Web below are producers? (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)
Choices:
bacteria
grass
kangaroo rat
rabbit
hawk
star cactus
cactus
Answer: Grass, star cactus, and cactus.
Explanation: These following organisms/ plants are at the bottom of the food chain and therefore have to make their own food by gathering nutrients from the soil.
Hope this helped you!
Grass, star cactus, and cactus are food web.
What is Desert biome?
The driest biomes are the desert ones. In actuality, a desert's primary distinguishing feature is how little rain it gets. Compared to rainforests, which receive over 2,000 mm annually, most deserts receive less than 300 mm.
Hence, the desert only receives 10% of the rainfall that a rainforest does. Because the air is so dry and heat escapes so quickly at night, the temperature in the desert can vary significantly from day to night.
The average daily temperature is 38°C, while at night, it can fall as low as -4°C in some desert regions. The location of the desert has a significant impact on the temperature as well.
Therefore, Grass, star cactus, and cactus are food web.
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what is the functional assessment for long term care beneifts
The functional assessment for long-term care benefits is a process that is used to evaluate an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in order to determine their eligibility for long-term care benefits.
ADLs refer to basic self-care tasks, such as bathing, dressing, eating, toileting, and transferring (moving from one position to another). IADLs refer to more complex activities that are necessary for independent living, such as managing finances, preparing meals, shopping, and using transportation. A functional assessment for long-term care benefits typically involves a comprehensive evaluation of an individual's physical and cognitive abilities, including their mobility, strength, balance, vision, hearing, and memory. The assessment may be conducted by a healthcare professional, such as a nurse or occupational therapist, and may involve direct observation of the individual performing ADLs and IADLs, as well as interviews with the individual and their caregivers. The results of the functional assessment are used to determine the level of care and assistance that the individual requires, and may be used to help determine eligibility for long-term care benefits, such as Medicaid or Medicare.
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what process is opposite that of photosynthesis
The process that is opposite to photosynthesis is cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar) and oxygen. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are used as raw materials, and the process produces oxygen and glucose.
In contrast, cellular respiration is the process by which organisms, including plants and animals, break down glucose and other organic molecules to release the energy stored within them. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The released energy is used by the cell to carry out various metabolic activities. So while photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose and uses carbon dioxide, water, and light energy, cellular respiration uses oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. The two processes are interdependent and together form the basis of the carbon cycle and energy flow in the biosphere.
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If the right lateral spinothalamic tract is severed,
A. muscles on the left side are paralyzed.
B. muscles on the right side are paralyzed.
C. pain impulses from the left side are blocked.
D. pain impulses from the right side are blocked.
If the right lateral spinothalamic tract gets severed then the pain impulses which are coming form the left side are blocked.
The correct option is option C.
The spinothalamic tract is basically a part of the anterolateral system or a part of the ventrolateral system, which is a sensory pathway all the way to the thalamus. The lateral spinothalamic tract (which is also known as the lateral spinothalamic fasciculus), is basically a bundle of the afferent nerve fibers which are ascending through the white matter of the spinal cord, and carry the sensory information to the brain.
The spinothalamic tract basically consists of two types of adjacent pathways: anterior and lateral. The main function of this tract is to basically carry pain as well as temperature through the lateral part of the pathway as well as crude touch through the anterior part.
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What are the 12 thoracic vertebrae?
The lumbar spinal column is directly above the T12 vertebra. Of the thoracic spinal vertebrae, it is the biggest and most inferior. In the trunk region, the T12 vertebrae are situated between the T11 vertebra and the L1 vertebra, which is the first lumbar vertebra.
T1–T12 refers to the 12 vertebrae that make up the thoracic area. Spinal nerves leave through a space that is created by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebral laminae, pedicles, and articular processes. The thoracic vertebrae work together to form a kyphotic curve. The thoracic vertebrae have medium-sized bodies. They can be identified by their long, slender spines, facets on the sides of the bodies that articulate with the ribs' heads, and facets on the transverse processes that articulate with the ribs' tubercles.
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why is it important that meiosis result in daughter cells that have half of the original cell’s chromosomes?
Answer:
Each daughter cell will have half of the original 46 chromosomes, or 23 chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids. The daughter cells now move in to the third and final phase of meiosis: meiosis II. At the end of meiosis I there are two haploid cells.
What is the baby name of animals?
Baby animal names can be funny, endearing, or unusual. One of the most popular baby animal names is cub, which can refer to a bear cub, tiger cub, or even a panda cub. Similar to newborn giraffes or cows, many people also refer to calves as baby animals.
Beyond just a few well-known species, many of the names of young animals are forgotten, and most people usually refer to them by the name of their adult counterparts. The correct term for anything like a "baby crocodile" is a hatchling.
1) A bear cub is a young bear.
2) A kid is the name given to a goat's baby.
3) The kitten, a cat's young, must be mentioned in any list of adorable infant animals.
4) Chickens have chicks as their offspring.
5) Cows, which give birth to calves, are another breed of agricultural animals that give their young animal names.
6) Giraffes are also able to give birth to calves.
7) A bunny is frequently used to refer to a young rabbit.
8) A foal is an infant horse.
9) Puppy birth occurs in dogs.
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what determines the health of the aquatic ecosystem
Health of the aquatic ecosystem is determined by many factors like Water quality, Habitat quality ,Biodiversity and human impact.
Most important factor for health of ecosystem is quality of water, that includes temperature, pH, pollutant and nutrient levels .Because high levels of pollutants and pH can lead to death of aquatic organisms. Also, availability of appropriate habitat, that includes vegetation, rocks can helps aquatic organisms to find shelter and food.
Also , number and variety of species that thrives in the aquatic ecosystem is also important. A diverse ecosystem is generally considered as healthy. Human activities is one of the most important player in the health of aquatic life these includes pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction by encroachment.
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Place the following actions with the correct phase of pulmonary ventilation. A) Diaphragm moves inferiorly B) Ribs move up and out C) Internal intercostals contract D) Decrease in width of thorax E) External intercostals contract E) Diaphragm moves superiorly F) Thorax increases in volume G) Ribs move down and in
Expiration and inspiration are the two main components of pulmonary ventilation. These are the appropriate pulmonary breathing phases for the tasks listed below.
One series of inhalation and expiration makes up a respiratory cycle. Expiration is the process through which air leaves the lungs, while inspiration is the process by which air enters them. The diaphragm flattens and tightens during inhalation, and the chest cavity widens.
The diaphragm relaxes and assumes its dome-like form during exhalation, forcing air out the lungs.
A) movement of the inferior diaphragm
B) The ribcage rises and spreads;
C) the internal intercostals contract
F) The thorax expands;
G) the ribs descend and inward.
D) A narrowing of the thorax
E) Contracting external intercostals.
H) Superior diaphragm movement
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Correct Question:
Place the following actions with the correct phase of pulmonary ventilation. A) Diaphragm moves inferiorly B) Ribs move up and out C) Internal intercostals contract D) Decrease in width of thorax E) External intercostals contract F) Thorax increases in volume G) Ribs move down and in. H) Diaphragm moves superiorly.
why can't both strands of dna be replicated in the same fashion?
The both strands of DNA cannot be replicated in the same fashion because of the difference in the chemical structures of the two strands.
The two strands of DNA, referred to as the leading strand and the lagging strand, are made up of different elements and have various structures.
A single-stranded DNA molecule with a continuous series of nucleotides that can be reproduced continuously makes up the leading strand.
The lagging strand, on the other hand, is made up of brief DNA fragments known as Okazaki fragments, each of which needs to be duplicated separately. It is hard to duplicate the two strands identically due to the differences in their chemical makeup and structure.
To achieve correct replication, the two strands of DNA must be reproduced separately. The lagging strand is formed in brief pieces, each beginning with a short RNA primer and moving in the 3' to 5' direction, as opposed to the leading strand, which is constantly generated in the 5' to 3' direction.
The Okazaki fragments are subsequently joined together by the DNA polymerase enzyme, which travels down the lagging strand. This guarantees correct replication of the two strands, enabling appropriate gene activity.
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which is the correct order of events during auxin-mediated cell elongation?
The correct order of events during auxin-mediated cell elongation is Proton pump gene expression → expansin activation → ATP hydrolysis → [tex]H^+[/tex] movement into cell wall. Hence, option A is correct.
Plant cells enlarge in length in response to the plant hormone auxin through a process known as auxin-mediated cell elongation. Auxin is a hormone that plants make at the tip of their shoots and transports throughout the entire plant, controlling many aspects of cell elongation and other aspects of growth and development.
Prior to ATP breakdown and hydrogen ion release into the cell wall, auxin induces the expression of the proton pump gene. As a result, the cell wall's pH is lowered and the expansin enzyme is turned on. Expansins then cause the cellulose in the cell wall to become more pliable, allowing the cell to elongate.
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The complete question is:
Which is the correct order of events during auxin-mediated cell elongation?
A) Proton pump gene expression → expansin activation → ATP hydrolysis → [tex]H^+[/tex] movement into cell wall
B) expansin activation → proton pump gene expression → [tex]H^+[/tex] movement into cell wall → ATP hydrolysis
C) ATP hydrolysis → expansin activation → proton pump gene expression → [tex]H^+[/tex] movement into cell wall
D) Proton pump gene expression → ATP hydrolysis → [tex]H^+[/tex] movement into cell wall → expansin activation