The theoretical atom economy percent of NaHCO3 is 56.43%.
To determine the theoretical atom economy percent of NaHCO3, we need to understand what atom economy is and how it is calculated. Atom economy is a measure of how efficiently atoms are used in a chemical reaction. It is calculated by dividing the molecular weight of the desired product by the sum of the molecular weights of all reactants, multiplied by 100.
For NaHCO3, the molecular weight is 84.01 g/mol. The reaction for the production of NaHCO3 involves the reaction of NaCl and NH3 with CO2:
2NaCl + NH3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
The sum of the molecular weights of all reactants is 191.63 g/mol. Therefore, the theoretical atom economy percent is:
(84.01/191.63) x 100 = 56.43%
This means that only 56.43% of the atoms in the reactants are used to form the desired product, NaHCO3. The remaining atoms are wasted or form unwanted by-products, such as NH4Cl in this case. A high atom economy is desirable as it indicates a more efficient use of resources and less waste generated.
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Which of the following statements are true of groups on the periodic table?
Check all that apply.
A. Elements in a group have the same number of protons.
B. Elements in a group have the same number of electron shells.
C. Elements in a group have similar properties.
D. Elements in a group have the same number of neutrons.
Answer: it’s only c
Explanation:
The correct statement regarding groups on the periodic table is statement C which is elements in a group have similar properties.
A. Elements in a group may have different numbers of protons, as the group represents elements with similar valence electron configurations, but the number of protons in the nucleus can vary.
B. Elements in a group do not have the same number of electron shells. Elements within the same group have similar outer electron configurations, which determine their chemical properties. The number of electron shells increases as you go down the group.
C. Elements in a group have similar properties. Elements within the same group share similar chemical behavior due to their similar outer electron configurations. This similarity leads to recurring patterns in their physical and chemical properties.
D. Elements in a group may have different numbers of neutrons. The number of neutrons can vary within a group as different isotopes of an element can exist, which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Therefore, the correct option is option c
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Please help it’s already overdue
Answer:
no se amigo esquema no entiendo ingles
what waves are utilized to sterilize medical equipment?
a. Gamma
b. X-ray
c. Ultraviolet
d. Radio
Answer:
B-Gamma
Explanation:
How are plant and animal cells similar? How are they different? To answer these questions, make a list of the different organelles in each cell. Explain how each organelle is vital to the life and function of a plant or animal.
Answer:
A plant cell contains a large, singular vacuole that is used for storage and maintaining the shape of the cell. In contrast, animal cells have many, smaller vacuoles. Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as a cell membrane. In plants, the cell wall surrounds the cell membrane.
Is the reaction balanced?
Answer:
No
Explanation:
How does a sugar solution become rock candy?
Answer:
Explanation:
A supersaturated solution is unstable—it contains more solute (in this case, sugar) than can stay in solution—so as the temperature decreases, the sugar comes out of the solution, forming crystals. The lower the temperature, the more molecules join the sugar crystals, and that is how rock candy is created.
Which [H+] value describes a neutral solution?
10−7 M
10−14 M
10−1 M
10−12 M
Answer:
[tex]10^{-7} m[/tex]
Explanation: just took the test; picture below:)
A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture made up of two or more non-reacting substances. The [H⁺] for a neutral solution is 10⁻⁷ M . The correct option is A.
What is a neutral solution?A solution which is neither acidic nor basic and contains equal amount of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration. The distilled water is an best example of a neutral solution. It always has a pH 7.
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of hydronium ion concentration in moles per litre. It can be given as:
pH = - log [H₃O⁺]
For pure water or neutral solution at 298 K
[H₃O⁺] = [OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹
The pH of acidic solution is more than 7 and for basic solution the pH will be greater than 7.
Thus the correct option is A - 10⁻⁷ M .
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Determine whether each item is an example of preservation or conservation. Yellowstone National Park Mining regulations No-fly zones Endangered Species Act Captive-breeding programs Big Cypress National Preserve
Answer:
Yellowstone National park-preservation
Mining Regulations- conservation.
Captive Breeding programs- conservation
Big Cypress National preserve-Preservation
No Fly zones conservation
Endangered species act- preservation
Explanation:
Conservation seeks the proper use of nature, while preservation seeks protection of nature from use.
The example of the preservevation or conservation are :
Yellowstone National park - preservation mining rules - conservation.captive programs- conservation cypress preserve - Preservationno Fly zones - conservation.endangered species act - preservationWhat is the difference between preservation and conservation?Preservation is the action of preserving something such as to protect or to keep alive something parks are meant for preservation purposes. Conservation is a wasteful use of resources. Conservation includes the preservation of natural resources.
Find out more information about the preservation.
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A passenger elevator travels from the first floor to the 60th floor, a distance of 210 m, in 35s. What is the elevator’s speed?
Answer:6m per second
Explanation:
it is the combination of the uppermost mantle and the crust
Answer:
lithosphere
Explanation:
4. Describe the movement of the water molecules at cold temperatures.
Answer:
Point out to students that molecules of hot water are moving faster and are slightly further apart. The molecules of cold water are moving slower and are a little closer together. If students do not notice a difference, move the slider all the way to the left again and then quickly to the right.
2. How do molecules move in cold water?
Compare the speed of molecules in hot water compared to molecules in cold water? Water molecules move faster in hot water and slower in cold water. water molecules in cold, room temperature, and hot water. most of the liquid.
Name the acid and the base from which the salt calcium sulphate is formed. also write the
balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction
Answer:
Calcium Carbonate base and Sulphuric acid.
CaCO3 and H2SO4
Answer:
Skeletal equation : Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 ----> CaSO4 + H2O
Balanced equation : Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 ---> CaSO4 + 2H2O
Hope it helps
Which of the following is true? Electrons are shared in ionic bonding
Answer:
The two most basic types of bonds are characterized as either ionic or covalent. In ionic bonding, atoms transfer electrons to each other. ... In contrast, atoms with the same electronegativity share electrons in covalent bonds, because neither atom preferentially attracts or repels the shared electrons.
Explanation:
How are molecules arranged in solid ,liquid and gas?
Answer:
A solid has the molecules tightly packed together and are held in a fixed pattern.
A liquid has molecules that are packed together in a random fashion and can move freely.
A gas has molecules that are widely separated and randomly move and collide.
Explanation:
What is the volume at STP of 3.44 x 1023 molecules of CO2
gas?
a 25.1L
b 39.2 L
С
12.8 L
d 15.7 L
Answer:
C. 12.8 liters.
Explanation:
The Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) of a gas are 273.15 K and 100 kilopascals. From Avogadro's Law, a mole of carbon dioxide contains [tex]6.022 \times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules. If we suppose that carbon dioxide behaves ideally, then the equation of state for ideal gas is:
[tex]P\cdot V = n\cdot R_{u}\cdot T[/tex] (1)
[tex]P\cdot V = \frac{r\cdot R_{u}\cdot T}{N_{A}}[/tex] (1b)
Where:
[tex]P[/tex] - Pressure, measured in pascals.
[tex]V[/tex] - Volume, measured in liters.
[tex]r[/tex] - Amount of molecules, no unit.
[tex]N_{A}[/tex] - Avogadro's number, no unit.
[tex]R_{u}[/tex] - Ideal gas constant, measured in pascal-liters per mole-Kelvin.
[tex]T[/tex] - Temperature, measured in Kelvin.
If we know that [tex]P = 100000\,Pa[/tex], [tex]r = 3.44\times 10^{23}[/tex], [tex]N_{A} = 6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex], [tex]T = 273.15\,K[/tex] and [tex]R_{u} = 8.314\times 10^{3}\,\frac{L\cdot Pa}{mol\cdot K}[/tex], then the volume of carbon dioxide at STP is:
[tex]V = \frac{r\cdot R_{u}\cdot T}{N_{A}\cdot P}[/tex]
[tex]V = \frac{(3.44\times 10^{23})\cdot \left(8.314\times 10^{3}\,\frac{L\cdot Pa}{mol\cdot K} \right)\cdot (273.15\,K)}{(6.022\times 10^{23})\cdot (100000\,Pa)}[/tex]
[tex]V = 12.972\,L[/tex]
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
I need help with this question ASAP
The heat to drive Earth's convection cells comes from...
A. the Earth's crust.
B. the Earth's mantle.
C. the Earth's core.
D. the sun.
Answer:
the sun im not 100% sure but yes
Answer:
B. The Mantle
Explanation:
The mantle is the part of the earth that has convection currents.
BRAINLIEST AND POINTS!!
Describe three ways in which scientists communicate the results of their work.
Answer:
There are several ways that scientists communicate our results, including written reports and scientific journal publications, and by giving presentations to our colleagues and the public. One popular venue for scientists to present to colleagues is at scientific conferences.
Explanation:
Answer:
-Good writing explaining their data they have discovered
-Their research is shared with the other scientists, and is peer reviewed
-They present their results at national and international conferences where other scientists can listen and give their input.
Explanatio
How many atoms of aluminum (Al) are in 6.98 mol of aluminum?
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 4.20 *10^{24} \ atoms \ Al }}[/tex]
Explanation:
To convert from moles to atoms, we must us Avogadro's number: 6.022*10²³. This tells us the number of particles (atoms, molecules, etc.) in 1 mole of a substance. In this case, it is atoms of aluminum.
We can use the number as a fraction.
[tex]\frac{6.022*10^{23} atoms \ Al}{1 \ mol \ Al}[/tex]
Multiply by the given number of moles: 6.98
[tex]6.98 \ mol \ Al *\frac{6.022*10^{23} atoms \ Al}{1 \ mol \ Al}[/tex]
The moles of aluminum will cancel.
[tex]6.98 *\frac{6.022*10^{23} atoms \ Al}{1 }[/tex]
The denominator of 1 can be ignored.
[tex]6.98 * {6.022*10^{23} atoms \ Al}[/tex]
Multiply.
[tex]4.203356*10^{24} \ atoms \ Al[/tex]
The original measurement of moles has 3 significant figures, so our answer must have the same.
For the number we calculated, that is the hundredth place. The 3 in the thousandth place tells us to leave the 0.
[tex]4.20 *10^{24} \ atoms \ Al[/tex]
There are about 4.20*10²⁴ atoms of aluminum in 6.98 moles.
4.Which scientist described the electrons as traveling in certain orbits or energy levels?
a.Dalton
b.Rutherford
c.Thomson
d.Bohr
5.In a famous experiment, scientists bombarded a very thin gold (Au) foil with positively charged alpha particles. They found that most of the alpha particles passed right through the Au foil. However, a few of the alpha particles were deflected or bounced back toward the source. How did these scientists explain their results?
a.Negative charges are spread throughout the atom.
b.Negative charges are located in the tiny nucleus of the atom.
c.Positive charges are located in the tiny nucleus of the atom.
d.Positive charges are spread throughout the atom.
6.The atomic mass represents the weighted average of an element’s
a.Ions
b.mass numbers
c.atomic numbers
d.isotopes
7.The number of protons is represented by the element’s
a.atomic number
b.mass number
c.atomic mass
d.isotope
8.The number of protons plus neutrons is represented by the
a.atomic number
b.mass number
c.atomic mass
d.isotope
9.How many valence electrons would an atom of Chlorine have?
a.2
b.3
c.7
d.8
10.An element is found to have 2 electrons in the 3rd energy level. What is this element?
a.Boron
b.Magnesium
c.Fluorine
d.Argon
11.Which shows the order of decreasing atomic size?
a.Si, Al, Mg, Na
b.I, Br, Cl, F
c.Be, Mg, Ca, Sr
d.C, P, Se, I
12.Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy and why?
a.Argon because it has more protons in the nucleus.
b.Argon because it has a full valence shell.
c.Chlorine because it only needs one valence electron to fill its valence shell.
d.Chlorine because it attracts electrons better.
13.Which shows the order of increasing ionization energy?
a.Si, Al, Mg, Na
b.Ga, Ge, As, Se
c.Be, Mg, Ca, Sr
d.F, Cl, Br, I
14.Identify the reason why atoms decrease in size(atomic radius)across a period on the Periodic Table.
a.Gravity pulls the electrons in towards the nucleus.
b.Increase in energy levels increases the attraction and thus pulls electron cloud in.
c.Increasing strong positive nuclear charge from the nucleus pulls in the negative electron clouds and increases with the increase in protons and electrons.
d.Electrons lose energy and collapse with an increasing number of electrons and protons.
15.What is the shielding effect?
a.The neutrons shield protons from the attraction of the electrons from the first energy level.
b.Valence electrons are shared equally between atoms.
c.The repulsion of electrons in the same energy level.
d.The inner-core electrons shield outer-core electrons from the attraction to the atom’s nucleus.
16.Which statement is an accurate description of elements from Period 3 on the periodic table?
a.It contains elements with the same number of 3 protons.
b.It contains elements with the same number of3valence electrons.
c.It contains elements with the outermost protons in the same 3rd energy level.
d.It contains elements with the outermost electrons in the same 3rd energy level.
17.The column that an element is located in tells us
a.the total number of valence electrons an atom has.
b.the total number of energy levels an atom of that element has.
c.the highest energy level an atom of that element has.
d.both b & c.
18.The Halogen family of elements all have 7 valence electrons. Which column would they be in?
a.01 (IA)
b.02 (IIA)
c.4 (IVA) or 14
d.7 (VIIA) or 17
19.The Alkali and Alkaline Earth metals belong to which columns, respectively?
a.Column IA & IIA
b.Column VIIA & Column VIIIA
c.Column IIIA & IVA
20.What do carbon and silicon have in common?
a.They belong to the same column (family), therefore they have the same number of valence electrons.
b.They belong to the same column (family), therefore they have the same number of total electrons.
c.They belong to the same column (family), therefore they have the same number of energy levels.
d.They belong to the same column (family), therefore they have the same number of protons.
21.Electromagnetic radiation can take the form of which of the following types of waves
a.Heat
b.Light
c.Ultraviolet
d.All of the above
24.In order to go to a lower energy orbit, an electron
a.Must disappear
b.Must combine with other electrons
c.Lose energy of a specific amount
d.Must be transferred to another atom
25.Please choose the correct sequence that describes the excitement of an atom.
1. Such an electron transition raises the atom from the ground state to the excited state.
2. When energy is added to an atom from an outside source, its electrons move to a higher energy level (orbit)
3. As a result, the atom emits a photon.
4. When the atom is in an excited state, the electron can drop from the higher energy level to a lower energy level.
a.1, 2, 3, 4
b.4, 3, 2, 1
c.2, 1, 4, 3
d.3, 4, 1, 2
Uniformitarianism is the idea that
Answer:
Uniformitarianism is the idea that the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past
CLAIM: What is one strategy animals use to take care of their offspring and to ensure successful reproduction? EVIDENCE: List two examples of animals that use this strategy. REASONING: Explain how this strategy increases the probability that offspring will survive.
Answer:
alligators protect their offspring by digging a hole where they bury their eggs and stay all the meanwhile on top of the hole protecting their offspring. baby alligators can be eaten by birds and snakes. they for short periods of time take a break to hunt for food. when their hatchling hatch they keep them in their mouth until they're in the water. alligators are good protecting their offspring.
seahorses make the males take care of their baby's till they are born and male seahorses join together in groups to help protect eachother. once the babies are born male seahorses are still together helping raise their pups
Alligators bury their eggs in a hole that they have dug, and they then spend the entire time on top of the hole guarding their young. Therefore, by below given ways animals take care of their offspring.
What is offspring?Offspring refers to the new organism that an organism creates via the act of reproduction. Both birds and snakes can consume young alligators. They stop for brief periods of time to go food hunting. They hold their hatchlings in their mouths until they are in the water after they hatch. Alligators do a superb job of safeguarding their young.
Male seahorses form groups to assist defend one another, and they are required to care for their young until they are born. Male seahorses continue to work together to nurture their young after the babies are born.
Therefore, by above ways animals take care of their offspring.
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list 10 uses of metals
Answer:
1.In electronics
2 In medicine
3.In the construction
4.In jewelry
5.In machinery and automobiles
6.In agriculture
7.In the kitchen
8.Furniture
9. Security system
10 Bullion market
Define the terms Genotype and Phenotype.
genotype: genetics of a individual organism
phenotype: the set of observable (physical) characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Answer:
A genotype refers to the genetic characteristics of an organism. A phenotype refers to the physical characteristics.
Which of these levels of ecological organization includes the other three?
A. community
B.ecosystem
C.organism
D.population
Will give brilliantiest!!
can energy produce more carbon dioxide?
different fuels emit different amounts of carbon dioxide in relation to the energy they produce when burned to analyze
Which phrase best describes the water cycle?
The physical processes that move water through the atmosphere
The interconnected, continuous processes that move water through Earth's spheres
Water changing from liquid to gas and back to liquid
The chemical components that make up water
Answer:
I think option B , bcz it is continuous process
The continuous, interconnected processes that move water through Earth's spheres best describe the water cycle. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is the water cycle?The water cycle can be demonstrated as the continuous movement of water from the Earth's surface to clouds and from clouds to the back surface. The sun, air, and other factors are included in the physical process of the water cycle, water goes through each of the states of matter such as solid, liquid, as well as gas.
The water cycle is a combination of the physical processes where water evaporates from the earth's surface into the atmosphere, cools down, condenses produces rain in clouds, and again comes back to the surface of the earth with the precipitation process.
Water on the Earth's surface of the water after rain gets collected in the form of rivers, groundwater, ponds, etc., and combines in oceans and gets evaporated.
The evaporation process includes the exchange of water from the surface in the form of water vapors to the atmosphere. The process of evaporation cools the temperature of the atmosphere as the sunlight on the surface of the earth makes the warm.
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Which layer of the ocean is the least dense?
Question 4 options:
they are all the same
middle layer
closest to the ocean floor
closest to the surface
Answer:
the deep ocean
Explanation:
goog le
The layer which is closest to the surface is least dense.
What are the layers of ocean?The ocean can be divided into three main layers:
The surface layer (also known as the epipelagic zone), which extends from the surface to about 200 meters deep and is the warmest and lightest layer.
The mesopelagic zone (or twilight zone), which extends from 200 to 1000 meters deep and is characterized by limited light and declining temperatures.
The bathypelagic zone (or midnight zone), which extends from 1000 to 4000 meters deep and is the coldest, darkest, and most pressure-filled layer.
Below the bathypelagic zone lies the abyssopelagic zone, which extends from 4000 to the ocean floor and is characterized by near-constant darkness and extremely cold temperatures.
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describe nuclear change please
Answer: Nuclear change is distinct from chemical change in that elements change. In the nuclear change the elements can change from one to another. (Nuclei can break apart to form smaller elements.)
Explanation:
Answer:
A nuclear change is a process by which nuclei of certain isotopes change spontaneously or are forced to change to two or more different isotopes.
Explanation:
The three main types of nuclear change in the matter are radioactive natural disintegration, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.
I like blowing up stuff too
____Na3PO4+____CaCI2 --->____NaCI+ ____Ca(PO4)2
Answer:
3CaCi2 + 2Na3PO4 → Ca3(PO4)2 + 6NaCi
Explanation: