Differentiate between the transport mode and tunnel mode of IP Sec and explain how authentication and confidentiality are achieved using IP Sec.

Answers

Answer 1

IPSec offers two modes of operation: transport mode and tunnel mode.

Transport mode encrypts only the payload of an IP packet, leaving the IP header intact, making it suitable for end-to-end communications.

Tunnel mode, on the other hand, encrypts both the payload and the IP header, making it suitable for VPNs and gateway-to-gateway communications. Authentication in IPSec is achieved using the Authentication Header (AH) protocol, which provides data integrity and verifies the origin of the packet.

Confidentiality is achieved using the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) protocol, which encrypts the payload to prevent eavesdropping. Both AH and ESP can be used in conjunction with transport and tunnel modes, allowing flexibility in achieving the desired level of security for the data being transmitted.

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Related Questions

When you group together related variables, the group is referred to as a(n) ____ of variables

Answers

Answer:

Array of variables

Explanation:

This occurs when you group together related variables

find_cow(name, cows) Given a name and a Python list of Cow objects, return the Cow object with the specified name. If no such Cow object can be found, return None.

Answers

Using the computational knowledge in python it is possible to write a code that Given a name and a Python list of Cow objects

Writting the code in python:

def load_cows(filename):

     cow_dict = dict()

   f = open(filename, 'r')

   for line in f:

       line_data = line.split(',')

       cow_dict[line_data[0]] = int(line_data[1])

   return cow_dict

def greedy_cow_transport(cows, limit=10):

      trips = []

   cowsCopy = cows.copy()

   sortedCows = sorted(cowsCopy.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse = True)

   while sum(cowsCopy.values()) > 0:

       ship = []

       total = 0

       for cow, value in sortedCows:

           if cowsCopy[cow] != 0 and value + total <= limit:

               ship.append(cow)

               total += value

               cowsCopy[cow] = 0

       trips.append(ship)

   return trips

def brute_force_cow_transport(cows,limit=10):

    trips = []

    possibilities = []

   for i in power_list:

       ship = []

       for j in i:

           ship_weights = []

           for k in j:

               ship_weights.append(cows[k])

               #print(ship_weights)

           ship.append(sum(ship_weights))

           #print(ship)

       if all(d <= limit for d in ship):

           possibilities.append(i)

     pruned_possibilities = []

   for k in possibilities:

       if k not in pruned_possibilities:

           pruned_possibilities.append(k)

   # now find the minimum list length:

   min_list_len = min(map(len, pruned_possibilities))

   for l in pruned_possibilities:

       if len(l) == min_list_len:

           return l

     

def compare_cow_transport_algorithms():

      greedy_start = time.time()

   greedy_results = greedy_cow_transport(cows, limit = 10)

   greedy_end = time.time()

   print('Greedy Algorithm time:', greedy_end -greedy_start)

   brute_force_start = time.time()

   brute_force_results = brute_force_cow_transport(cows, limit = 10)

   brute_force_end = time.time()

   print('Brute force time:', brute_force_end - brute_force_start)

   print('Greedy Algorithm results:', greedy_results)

   print('Number of trips returned by Greedy Algorithm:', len(greedy_results))

   print('Brute Force Algorithm results:', brute_force_results)

   print('Number of trips returned by Brute Force Algorithm:', len(brute_force_results))

   

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What are the three different types of hard drives? Briefly describe each, and list the possible configurations and device files for each type. Describe RAID level 5. What are the advantages of using RAID level 5 over other types of RAID?

Answers

The three different types of hard drives are:

SATASSD NVMe

What is the SATA drive?

This was said to be Introduced in the year 2003, SATA (or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is known to be a kind of a default interface that was made for a lot of desktop and laptop hard drives.

Hence, The three different types of hard drives are:

SATASSD NVMe

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Deploying an application across multiple __________________ can help build a robust architecture for an application that needs to have an up-time of at least 99.5

Answers

Deploying an application across multiple regions can help build a robust architecture for an application that needs to have an up-time of at least 99.5.

What is multi-region deployment?

The Multi-Region Infrastructure Deployment is known to be one that aids customers a lot to be able to easily control updates in regards to infrastructure needed for applications that are said to be deployed in all of primary and secondary Regions.

Hence, Deploying an application across multiple regions can help build a robust architecture for an application that needs to have an up-time of at least 99.5.

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The appropriate software to use for writing and editing research papers is ________ software.

Answers

The appropriate software to use for writing and editing research papers is word processing software.

What is a word processing software?

A word processor is a computer application that allows you to create and edit text documents on a computer. It is a multifunctional software for writing, with different typography (fonts/fonts), font sizes, colors, paragraph types, artistic effects and other options.

With a word processor, however, it is possible to delete and edit the content at any time, as its basic functionality is performed on the screen. Once the writing task has been completed, the user has the option of saving the document on a computer medium (either on the computer's hard disk, on the Internet or on a CD) or printing the material.

Several people make use of this software, such as students from schools and colleges, resarchers, professionals working in the field of Law, engineers, teachers, among other people who need a program to edit or create text files.

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Which epolicy orchestrator component gathers the events from the managed systems and uploads them to the epo server?

Answers

The policy orchestrator component that gathers the events from the managed systems and uploads them to the epo server is mcAfee agent.

Which ePolicy orchestrator component  is enforced?

The McAfee Agent can be described as the one that is distributed component of McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator (McAfee ePO).

It helps in downloads and enforcement of policies and it executes client-side tasks.

To find  find  McAfee agent, one can follow these steps:

View McAfee Agent Status MonitorOn the managed system,  select McAfee Agent Status Monitor. Save Contents to Desktop to save the contents of the McAfee Agent log to a file.

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Write a script named copyfile.py. this script should prompt the user for the names of two text files. the contents of the first file should be input and written to the second file.

Answers

Based on the above, The  script named copyfile.py.  is written in the image attached.

What is a script?

In regards to computer programming, a script is known to be a kind of a computer  program or we can say a sequence that is known to be made up of a lot of instructions that is often seen to be interpreted or done by another program instead of the computer processor.

Note that  some languages have been birth a lot expressly and they are known to be the script languages.

Therefore, scripting language or we say script language is known to be a programming language that is is often used to alter , customize, and automate what we say the facilities of any existing system.

Hence,  Based on the above, The  script named copyfile.py.  is written in the image attached.

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7.6 lab: replacement words write a program that finds word differences between two sentences. the input begins with the first sentence and the following input line is the second sentence. assume that the two sentences have the same number of words. the program displays word pairs that differ between the two sentences. one pair is displayed per line. ex: if the input is: smaller cars get better gas mileage tiny cars get great fuel economy then the output is: smaller tiny better great gas fuel mileage economy hint: store each input line into a list of strings.

Answers

The program that finds word differences between sentences (according to the description) above is given below.

What is a program?

A program is a set of codes and or instructions that are written sequentially and deliberately such that the computer, when it reads and executes them give a specific and premedicated output.

The lines of code that gives the output described above is:

import java.util.Scanner;  public class LabProgram {

     public static int findWordInWordList(String[] wordList, String wordToFind, int numInList) {

       for (int i = 0; i < numInList; i++) {

            if (wordList[i].equals(wordToFind)) {

                return i;

            }         }         return -1;

    }      public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);

         String[] original = new String[20], modified = new String[20];         int numInList = scnr.nextInt();

        for (int i = 0; i < numInList; i++) {

            original[i] = scnr.next();

           modified[i] = scnr.next();

        }          int numWords = scnr.nextInt();

        String[] words = new String[numWords];

        for (int i = 0; i < numWords; i++) {

            words[i] = scnr.next();

        }          int index;

       for (int i = 0; i < numWords; i++) {

           index = findWordInWordList(original, words[i], numInList);             if (index != -1)

                words[i] = modified[index];

        }          for (int i = 0; i < numWords; i++)             System.out.print(words[i] + " ");

        System.out.println();     } }

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PLEASE HELP!! And please don't just answer for points.

This question is from my animation class.

What was the “aha!” moment or breakthrough that Ulbrich describes?

Answers

Answer:

What was the aha moment or breakthrough that Ulbrich describes?

Explanation:

The “aha!” moment was when the found out about a new type of technology, called contour. This helped them create their character in a much better way.

Every time you call a method, the address to which the program should return at the completion of the method is stored in a memory location called the ____.

Answers

Answer:

Stack

Explanation:

Every time you call a method, the address to which the program should return at the completion of the method is stored in a memory location called the stack.

connection failed while opening file within cryptographic module - mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -9984 ( X509 - Certificate verification failed, e.g. CRL, CA or signature check failed )

Answers

The connection that failed while opening file within cryptographic module - mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -9984 ( X509 - Certificate verification failed, e.g. CRL, CA or signature check failed is known to be a kind of a TLS hanshake failing with EC.

What are cryptographic products?

These are known to be Software, hardware or what we call the firmware that is made up of one or a lot of cryptographic functions.

Note that a cryptographic product is one that is made up of a kind of cryptographic module and they also help to implements security functions (such as cryptographic algorithms),

Therefore, based on the above, The connection that failed while opening file within cryptographic module - mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -9984 ( X509 - Certificate verification failed, e.g. CRL, CA or signature check failed is known to be a kind of a TLS hanshake failing with EC.

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Assign 20 to variables x, y and z in a single statement.

Answers

Answer:

x=y=z=20

Explanation:

This assigns the same value, which is 20 to multiple variables

A photograph is created by what
A) Silver
B) Shutters
C) Light
4) Mirror

Answers

A photograph is created by Light.

What are photographs made of?

Any photograph created is one that is made up of Support and binders.

The steps that are needed in the creation of a photograph are:

First one need to expose or bring the film to light.Then develop or work on the imageLastly print the photograph.

Hence, for a person to create a photograph, light is needed and as such, A photograph is created by Light.

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Joe is examining the logs for his web server and discovers that a user sent input to a web application that contained the string WAITFOR. What type of attack was the user likely attempting

Answers

SQL Injection Attack

Anonymity on the internet has lowered the cost of rudely confronting people. what has happened to the supply of rude confrontations?

Answers

The thing that has happened to the supply of rude confrontations is that  The supply has increased, shifting down and to the right.

What supply means in economics?

Supply in economics is known to be seen as the full amount of a given product or service that a given  supplier is known to offers to consumers at a specific point in time and a given price level.

Hence, The thing that has happened to the supply of rude confrontations is that  The supply has increased, shifting down and to the right because Anonymity on the internet has lowered the cost of rudely confronting people.

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Anonymity on the Internet has lowered the cost of rudely confronting people. What has happened to the supply of rude confrontations? a) The supply has decreased, shifting up and to the left. b) The supply has increased, shifting up and to the left. C) The supply has decreased, shifting down and to the right. d) The supply has increased, shifting down and to the right. Question 46 (1 point) Figure: Supply Shift Saved Price $100-

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In order to prevent ports that are serving network hosts from being considered as best paths, what should be enabled to block bpdus?

Answers

In order to prevent ports that are serving network hosts from being considered as best paths, BPDU guard should be enabled to block bpdus.

What are BPDU used for?

A bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) is known to be a kind of a data message that is known to be often  transmitted in a local area network to be able to know or find loops in that given network topologies.

Hence, in the case above, In order to prevent ports that are serving network hosts from being considered as best paths, BPDU guard should be enabled to block bpdus.

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. In order to prevent ports that are serving network hosts from being considered as best paths, what should be enabled to block BPDUs?

a. BPDU filter

b. BPDU guard

c. root guard

d. BPDU drop

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What is the purpose of installing updates on your computer?

Answers

The purpose of adding updates to your computer are as follows:

Making sure your computer hardware can run the newest software programsEnsuring the built-in virus protection software is up to dateRemoving bugs and glitches from your operating systemAllowing your computer to run as fast as possible

Given the IPv4 address in CIDR notation 215.200.110.50/25, identify the subnet ID that this address belongs to.

Answers

215.200.110.00, 215.100.110.64, 215.200.110.128,215.100.110.192

Write a short program that asks the user to enter a month & prints a message based on the month

Answers

Answer:

The Code:

def month(x):

    if (x==1):

        print ("January")

    if (x==2):

        print("February")

    if (x==3):

        print("March")

    if (x==4):

        print("April")

    if (x==5):

        print("May")

    if (x==6):

        print("June")

    if (x==7):

        print("July")

    if (x==8):

        print("August")

    if(x==9):

        print("September")

    if(x==10):

        print("October")

    if(x==11):

        print("November")

    if(x==12):

        print("December")

    if(x<1 or x>12):

        print("Wrong Input! Try again")

month = int(input("Enter the month number: "))

month(month)

Explanation:

The above program is written in the PYTHON programming language.

In this program, the user inputs the number of any month, showing the month name in the output. For example,

if user enters 1, month name = JANUARY

if user enters 5, month name = MAY

and if the user enters 13, then output = Wrong Input! try again

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With the use of unshielded twisted-pair copper wire in a network. What causes crosstalk within the cable pairs?

Answers

The action that causes crosstalk within the cable pairs is the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wire.

What is crosstalk in communication?

Crosstalk is known to be a kind of a scenario or a phenomenon where the signal that are seen to be transferred on one channel of a mobile communication system forms a kind of an undesired effect on another channel.

Note that the poor frequency reuse in regards to the use of cellular networks is one that starts the co-channel interference and also one that leads to causes crosstalk.

Hence, The action that causes crosstalk within the cable pairs is the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wire.

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With the use of unshielded twisted-pair copper wire in a network, what causes crosstalk within the cable pairs?

the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wire

the use of braided wire to shield the adjacent wire pairs

the reflection of the electrical wave back from the far end of the cable

the collision caused by two nodes trying to use the media simultaneously

Any two differences between second generation and third generation Write any generation computer.​

Answers

Answer:


The second generation computer is based on the transistor whereas the third generation computer is based on the integrated chip.

Explanation:

Mary and Billy are moving away to college and both know in their hearts that they need to end their relationship. They move away with a mutual agreement to breakup and leave peacefully. What is this called

Answers

In the case of Mary and Billy, the above is called Negotiated farewell.

What is Negotiated farewell?

In the case of  Negotiated Farewell, one can say that couples are knonw to jointly create the story of the end to what we say their marriage.

Note that Negotiated Farewell is one that is made for emotionally immature or any kind of combative people. hence, In the case of Mary and Billy, the above is called Negotiated farewell.

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Simple statistics looks catalog 3.15 LAB: Simple statistics Given 4 floating-point numbers. Use a string formatting expression with conversion specifiers to output their product and the average as integers (rounded, then as floating point numbers Output each rounded integer using the following print (1.0).tornat (your_value)) Output each floating point value with three digits after the decimal point, which can be achieved as follows print(1.3).format(your value)) Ex If the input is 3.3 10. 5.0 the output is 20722 2071. 7. 125 ACTIVITY 3151 LAB Simple statistics 0/10 main.py 1 2 - Floatinet()) - Floatinus Fotout Flatirot)

Answers

Based on the given instructions:

1. you must set the display format for all values: %0.2f

2. use f-string in this format: f"{}" and add your value in {}

3. int: convert float to integer and round: round up the number

The given code

num1 = float(input())

num2 = float(input())

num3 = float(input())

average = (num1+num2+num3) / 3

your_value = num1*num2*num3

print('%0.0f %0.0f %0.2f %0.2f' % (int(average), int(your_value), average, your_value))

# or:

print(f"{int(average)} {int(your_value)} {round(average,2)} {round(your_value,2)}")

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You need a(n) _____ to play an mp3 audio file on a desktop or laptop computer

Answers

You need a stand alone player to play an mp3 audio file on a desktop or laptop computer.

What is a stand alone player?

The standalone player is known to be a device that gives room for a person or is one that allows a Blender game to be able to run without one trying to load the Blender system.

Note that in the above, You need a stand alone player to play an mp3 audio file on a desktop or laptop computer.

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which of the following is acomputer program that detects, prevents. and takes action sto deactivate or remove malicious programmsd

Answers

Answer:

antivirus software is the answer to prevent computer from malicious program

In which directory would a system administrator store scripts that should be run monthly by the cron daemon?

Answers

Answer: /etc/cron.monthly

Explanation:

An instructor has given a student an assignment to assemble a pc. in which situation should the student be aware that esd is an issue?

Answers

When installing RAM situation is one where the student should be aware that esd is an issue.

What is the RAM in a computer?

RAM is a term that connote random-access memory and a computer RAM is known to be a kind of a short term memory and it is a place where data is said to be saved as at the time that the processor needs it.

Hence, When installing RAM scenario is one where the student should be aware that esd is an issue and then one can resolve it.

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An instructor has given a student an assignment to assemble a PC. In which situation should the student be aware that ESD is an issue?

when installing RAMwhen working in a corporate environment that has carpet installed under tower PCswhen using a grounded mat and working on a computer on an ungrounded workbenchwhen installing a dual-voltage power supply

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Every time a user enters a different web page url into a browser, the same web page appears. what will help in this situation?atask managerbfirewallcanti-malwareddevice manager

Answers

Every time a user enters a different web page url into a browser, the same web page appears. the issue that can help is the use of firewall.

What is firewall and how it works?

The term firewall is known to be that which helps protect a person's network from attackers.

Note that A firewall shields one's network because it work in a 24/7 filter window, and this is one that often works by scanning the data that tries to enter your network and hinder anything that may act or looks suspicious from getting through.

Hence, in the case above, Every time a user enters a different web page url into a browser, the same web page appears. the issue that can help is the use of firewall.

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If a few bits in an hdd sector or nvm page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ecc only if:___.

Answers

If a few bits in an hdd sector or nvm page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ecc only if option D) number of bits corrupted is low irrespective of where the corruption occurs in the sector/page.

Do hard drives have sectors?

In computer disk storage, a sector is known to be a kind of a subdivision that is made up of a track that can be seen on a magnetic disk or what we call the optical disc.

Note that Each sector is one that saves a fixed amount of what we call the user-accessible data.

Note that  the sector is seen as the smallest physical storage unit that can be found on the disk, and also on most file systems and thus when  a few bits in an hdd sector or nvm page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ecc only if option D) number of bits corrupted is low irrespective of where the corruption occurs in the sector/page.

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If a few bits in an HDD sector or NVM page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ECC only if

A) the bit corruption is limited to the data portion of the sector/page.

B) the bit corruption hasn't occurred in the ECC of the sector/page.

C) the bit corruption hasn't occurred in the ECC or the header of the sector/page.

D) number of bits corrupted is low irrespective of where the corruption occurs in the sector/page.

At startup, Windows Server 2012 Core presents _______.

Answers

At startup, Windows Server 2012 Core presents a command window.

What is a Windows Server used for?

Windows Server is known to be a kind of a group of operating systems that is made by Microsoft that aids enterprise-level management, data storage, applications, and others.

The Command window is known to be that which gives a person  the information, it also gives instructions, and gives room for one  to be able to enter commands usually at the Command prompt.

Therefore, note that at startup, Windows Server 2012 Core presents a command window as it is the first thing that will come up.

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1. It consists of all the population of organisms living in a particularecosystema. Biosphere b. population C. ecosystemd. community I NEED HELP AGAIN 4.0 A student answered 40 problems on a test correctly and received a grade of 80%. How many problems were on the test, if all the problemswere worth the same number of points? How do you solve this equation for x?-3(x+4) = x - 4 what i thisssss pls helpppppppp This data gives the average number of hours different students spend on the computer each day.Average time (hours): 1.6, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.8, 1.5, 2.0, 1.9, 1.6, 1.9, 1.7, 1.6, 1.6, 2.0, 1.8, 1.5, 2.0Create a line plot to display this data.To create a line plot, hover over each number on the number line. Then click and drag up to plot the data. I need help with graphing Explain how the appropriate balance of power between national and state governments have been interpreted differently over time. Mark's father was putting in a new kitchen floor. The dimensions were 8 feet by 12 feet. If each tile was 1 square foot,how many tiles dld he need? 87tiles 96tiles 78tiles When does a human right become a legal right? En que bote se hizo ms Rosa ms intenso en el de pintura roja y blanca en el cada color Why were Spain and Portugal the early leaders in the slave trade? Find the midpoint of a and b when a has coordinates (-5,3) and b has coordinates (3,-1) What type is hydropower? A 30 ft water slide forms a 45 degree angle with their surface of the water. How high is the top of the slide bouncer nearest whole number m-3/18=11/18 What is m?? If the FDIC has an insurance fund of $67.8 billion and must use 7.6% of it to cover several failed banks, approximately how much money is left in the fund? Tell me if this is right or wrong and if you can you fix it help me please :> I would really appreciate it. I need some help with with question:How could you prepare 100 ml of a 0.40 mol/L of MgSO4 solution from a stock solution of 2.0 mol/L MgSO4. And then how would u prepare it?