When cabbage plant has 9 chromosomes in reproductive cells, then it has 18 chromosomes in the cells.
What are chromosomes?Chromosomes are long, thread-like structures made up of DNA and protein that are found in the nucleus of most living cells. They carry genetic information in the form of genes, which are segments of DNA that contain instructions for the development and function of an organism. During cell division, chromosomes replicate and separate into two identical sets, one for each of the two daughter cells.
Chromosomes are genetic material present in all the cells. They are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. Each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell contains DNA and associated proteins is known as histone proteins.
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Analyze the graphs below. Which growth model would apply to a population of squirrels arriving on a new island? Assume the squirrels have no way to leave.
A logistic growth model is most appropriate for expanding squirrel populations to new islands.
Give a brief account on logistic growth model.A logistic growth model is one that incorporates carrying capacity to show how growth slows when a population reaches a point where the amount of resources is limited. As the population grows, the organism's population reaches the carrying capacity and stays there. This is the maximum population the environment can support.
Population grows more slowly as it approaches carrying capacity (K), or the maximum population that the surrounding area can support according to the population logistic model. According to this declaration, all members of the population have equal access to resources and chances of survival.
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After the discovery of conjugation researchers discovered that they could introduce DNA into some types of bacteria without relying upon this process. Which of the following scenarios illustrates how the researchers could determine which of two types of bacteria exhibit "natural competence"? The different types have different antibiotic resistance genes.
a. Incubate together then check their antibiotic resistance.
b. Incubate together then check for different alleles of a chromosomal gene.
c. Incubate alone then check their antibiotic resistance.
d. Incubate the bacteria with double stranded DNA that contains different alleles of a chromosomal gene.
e. Incubate each alone with double stranded DNA that contains different alleles of a chromosomal gene.
The scenario that illustrates how the researchers could determine which of two types of bacteria exhibit "natural competence" is option (e): Incubate each alone with double-stranded DNA that contains different alleles of a chromosomal gene.
Which shows natural competence?In this scenario, the researchers would incubate each type of bacteria alone with double-stranded DNA that contains different alleles of a chromosomal gene.
If one type of bacteria takes up the DNA and incorporates it into its genome, then it should display the genetic characteristics of the introduced DNA, including different alleles of the chromosomal gene. This would demonstrate that the bacteria is naturally competent, i.e. capable of taking up DNA from the environment without the need for any special treatment or processes.
By comparing the results from both types of bacteria, the researchers can determine which bacteria exhibit natural competence and are capable of taking up DNA from the environment, which can be useful for genetic manipulation and other research purposes.
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Why is it that the bonds between the two strands are easily broken during DNA replication and
gene expression?
Answer:
The bonds between the two strands of DNA, specifically the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, are relatively weak and can be easily broken. This is important for both DNA replication and gene expression.
Explanation:
During DNA replication, the two strands of DNA must be separated so that each strand can serve as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. The hydrogen bonds between the base pairs are broken by the action of specialized enzymes called helicases, which unwind the double helix and separate the two strands. Once the strands are separated, they can be copied by the action of DNA polymerase, which adds new nucleotides to each strand based on the sequence of the template strand.
Similarly, during gene expression, the two strands of DNA must be separated so that the information encoded in the DNA can be used to synthesize proteins. This process begins with the transcription of the DNA sequence into a complementary RNA sequence, which is carried out by RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase also breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands to open up a small section of the DNA helix, which allows the RNA polymerase to read the DNA template and synthesize a complementary RNA strand.
In both DNA replication and gene expression, the ability to break the hydrogen bonds between the two strands of DNA is crucial. If these bonds were too strong, it would be difficult to separate the two strands and copy the DNA or transcribe it into RNA. The weak bonds between the two strands allow for the necessary flexibility and mobility required for the replication and expression of genetic information.
Refer to Figure T and the rear part of a whale and snake. Both have what appear to be a fomur and pelvis. These structures have no useful function and may imply both the whale and the snake-
may have had legs at one time. Which of the following best describes why these structures provide evidence for evolution? (15.1)
whale
Figure T
snake
The presence of vestigial structures such as the femur and pelvis in whales and snakes provides evidence for evolution because it suggests that these animals evolved from ancestors that had functional legs. The vestigial structures have no useful function in the current species, but they suggest that the structures were functional in their ancestors. This is consistent with the theory of evolution, which proposes that species change over time through the process of natural selection. The presence of vestigial structures is one of many lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
DNA is the primary component of chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in the
nuclei of eukaryotic organisms. Which of the following best describes DNA?
A.
It is an atom.
B.
It is a molecule.
C. It is an organelle.
D.
It is a cell.
Answer: B, it is a molecule
Explanation:
it is a complex molecule in a cell that contains genetic information.
Suppose the surface is not totally smooth. What additional "outside force would be affecting the ball's motion? How would its motion be affected?
Answer:The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion.
Explanation:
might help hope it does
Rabies
Discuss the design and immunogenicity of the vaccine and how these effect the vaccines administration. 10pts
Discuss the efficacy of the vaccine 5
discuss problem associated with the vaccine 10
Rabies is described as a viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including humans which is caused by the rabies virus, which is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite.
In conclusion, preventing rabies infection using the rabies vaccine is quite successful.
Its administration is rather easy, and its design and immunogenicity make it a reliable method for avoiding the disease. Like every medical procedure, it does have possible drawbacks and restrictions, though.
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what is female reproductive system ???
...
explain it here please ..
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will anybody become my friend here
i'm new
The female reproductive system is a complex system of organs and structures that are responsible for the production of eggs, fertilization, and the growth and development of a fetus during pregnancy. The reproductive system consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
The ovaries are two almond-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus, and they are responsible for producing eggs and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. The eggs are then released into the fallopian tubes, which are narrow tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes when a sperm cell from a male partner meets an egg cell from the female partner.
The fertilized egg then travels through the fallopian tube and into the uterus, where it implants and begins to grow into a fetus. The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ that expands during pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina, which is a muscular tube that extends from the cervix to the external genitalia.
The female reproductive system is regulated by the complex interaction of hormones, and it is responsible for maintaining the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and childbirth. Proper care and maintenance of the reproductive system are important for overall health and well-being.
I hope this information helps you understand the female reproductive system better.
How are normal greenhouse effects and human influenced greenhouse effects different? ( at least 4 ways their different)
Human activities are changing the Earth's natural greenhouse effect. The burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil releases more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
What are the social consequences of the greenhouse effect?In addition to the difficulties caused directly by contamination, the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) predicts that global warming would allow infectious diseases like malaria, cholera, and dengue fever to spread to much larger parts of the globe.
Are the greenhouse effect nature or man-made?Greenhouse gases occur in nature and are part of the composition of our atmosphere. As a result, Earth is sometimes known a "Goldilocks" globe since its surroundings are just ideal for life (including humanity) to flourish.
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. In domestic cattle the spotting pattern of the coat can be controlled by several alleles. The Dutch belt pattern is controlled by a dominant allele “A”. The Hereford pattern is “a1”, a solid pattern is “a2”, and the Holstein pattern is “a”. The Dutch belt pattern is dominant to all other alleles. The Hereford pattern is dominant to the solid and the Holstein pattern. The solid pattern is dominant to the Holstein pattern and the Holstein pattern is recessive to all. So the dominance pattern looks like this: A>a1>a2>a. Use this information to answer the following questions. a. Can Holsteins produce Hereford offspring? Explain your answer. b. Can Herefords produce solid offspring? Explain your answer. c. Is it possible for two parents with different color patterns to have four offspring all with different phenotypes? Explain your answer. Include a Punnett square or squares to explain your answer.
No, Holsteins cannot produce Hereford offspring because the Hereford pattern is dominant to the Holstein pattern and the Holstein pattern is recessive to all.
What is recessive?Recessive is a genetic trait that occurs when two copies of a gene are inherited from both parents, and only the recessive version of the gene is expressed. When a recessive gene is paired with a dominant gene, the dominant gene will take precedence and the recessive trait will not be expressed. For example, in the case of eye color, the dominant gene for brown eyes will override the recessive gene for blue eyes.
a. No, Holsteins cannot produce Hereford offspring because the Hereford pattern is dominant to the Holstein pattern and the Holstein pattern is recessive to all.
b. Yes, Herefords can produce solid offspring. The Hereford pattern is dominant to the solid pattern, so two Hereford parents can produce solid offspring with a genotype of Aa2.
c. Yes, it is possible for two parents with different color patterns to have four offspring all with different phenotypes. For example, if one parent has the Dutch belt pattern (genotype Aa) and one parent has the Hereford pattern (genotype Aa1), then four offspring with different phenotypes can be produced. The possible genotypes of the offspring are Aa, Aa1, aa, and aa1. The Punnett square would look like this:
Aa Aa1
Aa Aa1
aa aa1
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Anna-Maria has just heard that her company is going to start outsourcing her job. What does this MOST likely mean for Anna-Maria?
A.She will earn a pay raise.
B.She will lose her job.
C.She will have to relocate.
D.She will get extra benefits.
Answer: A. She will earn a pay raise
Explanation: When a job is outsourced workers or employees get 13.0% more money than average pay.
Is it possible for a population’s genotype frequencies to change from one generation to the next but for its gene (allele) frequencies to remain constant? Explain by providing an example.
Yes, it is possible for a population's genotype frequencies to change from one generation to the next, but for its gene (allele) frequencies to remain constant.
What is genotype?A person or an organism's genotype, or genetic make-up, determines the hereditary traits and qualities they inherit. It alludes to the complete set of genes or genetic material (DNA) that makes up an organism. The genotype of an organism determines its morphological and behavioral traits, such as height, eye color, and susceptibility to specific diseases.
While a population's gene (allele) frequencies can remain constant, its genotype frequencies may shift from one generation to the next. Gene frequency changes in a small population are referred to as "genetic drift," which is the term used to describe this phenomena.
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construct an argument about the effect of changing a section of rainforest into a cultivated field. Use the word community as it is used in the context of biology at least once in one of the premises of your argument
Based on the graph below, make a conclusion about the two species. Be sure to support your conclusion with evidence.
Be sure to support your conclusion with evidence and use the following words/phrases in your response:
predation
predator
prey
cycle
Complete the answer in at least four complete sentences.
Based on the graph below, it can be concluded that the populations of both the predator and prey species are connected in a cycle.
What is populations?Population is a term used to refer to a group of people or organisms that inhabit a specific area. Since populations are composed of individuals, their characteristics are determined by the characteristics of each individual in the group. Population size, density, growth rate, age structure, and gender ratio are all important characteristics to consider when studying a population. Population dynamics, which is the study of change in the characteristics of a population over time, is a field of study that is important for many reasons.
The graph shows that the prey species population rises, then falls when the predator species population rises. This pattern indicates that the two species populations are affected by one another, with the predator species preying on the prey species and the prey species being the source of the predator species' food. This cycle of predation is evident in the graph, which shows a clear relationship between the two species. The cycle of predation is an important factor in maintaining the balance of the two species populations in the environment.
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. In domestic cattle the spotting pattern of the coat can be controlled by several alleles. The Dutch
belt pattern is controlled by a dominant allele “A”. The Hereford pattern is “a1”, a solid pattern is “a2”,
and the Holstein pattern is “a”. The Dutch belt pattern is dominant to all other alleles. The Hereford
pattern is dominant to the solid and the Holstein pattern. The solid pattern is dominant to the Holstein
pattern and the Holstein pattern is recessive to all. So the dominance pattern looks like this: A>a1>a2>a.
Use this information to answer the following questions.
a. Can Holsteins produce Hereford offspring? Explain your answer.
b. Can Herefords produce solid offspring? Explain your answer.
c. Is it possible for two parents with different color patterns to have four offspring all with
different phenotypes? Explain your answer. Include a Punnett square or squares to explain
your answer.
Yes, Holsteins can produce Hereford offspring. Holsteins have the "a" allele, which is recessive to the "A" allele for the Dutch belt pattern, and the "a1" allele for the Hereford pattern.
What is allele?Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Each gene has two alleles, one inherited from each parent. Alleles can be dominant, meaning they mask the effect of the other allele, or they can be recessive, meaning they are only expressed when two recessive alleles are present. Alleles can also be codominant, meaning they each contribute to the phenotype.
a. Yes, Holsteins can produce Hereford offspring. Holsteins have the "a" allele, which is recessive to the "A" allele for the Dutch belt pattern, and the "a1" allele for the Hereford pattern. Since "A" and "a1" are both dominant alleles, the offspring of a Holstein and Hereford parent will have the Hereford pattern.
b. Yes, Herefords can produce solid offspring. Herefords have the "a1" allele, which is dominant to the "a2" allele for the solid pattern. Since "a1" is dominant to "a2", the offspring of a Hereford and solid parent will have the solid pattern.
c. Yes, it is possible for two parents with different color patterns to have four offspring all with different phenotypes. For example, if the father has a Dutch belt pattern (Aa1a2a) and the mother has a Hereford pattern (Aa1aa), the Punnett square would look like this:
Father: Aa1a2a
Mother: Aa1aa
A A Aa Aa
a a1 a1
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