in gas expansion, 89J of heat is absorbed from surroundings and the energy of the system is decreased by 125J. Calculate the work done

Answer:

Hydrolysis of 1-cyano-methylbenzene is an addition reaction while that of 1-cyano-4-methylbenzene is a substitution substitution reaction.

Explanation:

substitution reactions occur in preference to addition reactions

The equation for the dissociation of iron (iii) nitrate is given below:

A dissociation equation is an equation in which a compound separates into the constituent ions present in the compound.

The equation for the dissociation of iron (iii) nitrate is given below:

Fe₂(NO₃)₃ (aq) ⇄  2 Fe⁺ (aq) + 3 NO₃⁻ (aq)

In conclusion, the dissociation of iron(iii) nitrate produces iron (ii) ions and nitrate ions.

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The highlighted apparatus are;

1) stirring rod

2) crucible

The term chemical reaction refers to the process by which two or more substances are combined to form a product. The product may look like or different from the reactants that were combined to produce it.

Now we can see the set up that was used as shown for the reaction of  dilute nitric acid with lead(II) oxide to prepare lead(II) nitrate.

The highlighted apparatus are;

1) stirring rod

2) crucible

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The correct chemical structure that corresponds to 1,1,1-trifluoroethane is (a).

What is  1,1,1-trifluoroethane?

A chemical structure is a spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It determines the molecular geometry and when necessary the electronic chemistry as well .1,1,1-Trifluoroethane or simply known as trifluoroethane is Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) compound that is colourless and highly inflammable gas with ether like odour. One method of preparation of 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane is by fluorination of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in the presence of hydrofluoric acid.  The chemical formula for 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane is [tex]C__{2} } H_{3} F_{3}[/tex]. The high stability of it's chemical structure because of being heavier than air makes it a greenhouse gas with high infrared absorbent power. It can be used as a propellant or refrigerant and in cleaning of electrical equipments.

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Answer:

The compound, H₂O, will not be found on the periodic table. This is because the periodic table only consists of individual elements. That being said, the elements found within H₂O are located on the periodic table. H₂O consists of hydrogen, denoted by the symbol "H", and oxygen, denoted by the symbol "O". The subscript (the 2) tells us that there are 2 hydrogen atoms located in the H₂O molecule.

Hydrogen is the first element listed on the periodic table and can be found in the top leftmost position. Oxygen is the eighth element on the periodic able and is located in the second row at the top right.

Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 3.63 moles of NH₃ will be produced if 50.8 g N₂ reacts with 187.3 g H₂.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

3 H₂ + N₂ → 2 NH₃

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The limiting reagent is one that is consumed first in its entirety, determining the amount of product in the reaction. When the limiting reagent is finished, the chemical reaction will stop.

To determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 6 grams of H₂ reacts with 28 grams of N₂, 187.3 grams of H₂ reacts with how much mass of N₂?

[tex]mass of N_{2} =\frac{187.3 grams of H_{2} x28 grams of N_{2}}{6 grams of H_{2}}[/tex]

mass of N₂= 874.067 grams

But 875.087 grams of N₂ are not available, 50.8 grams are available. Since you have less mass than you need to react with 187.3 grams of H₂, N₂ will be the limiting reagent.

Considering the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 28 grams of N₂ form 2 moles of NH₃, 50.8 grams of N₂ form how many moles of NH₃?

[tex]moles of NH_{3} =\frac{50.8 grams of N_{2} x2 moles of NH_{3} }{28 grams of N_{2}}[/tex]

moles of NH₃= 3.63 moles

Finally, 3.63 moles of NH₃ will be produced if 50.8 g N₂ reacts with 187.3 g H₂.

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An element is a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means. Elements are extremely particular compounds that serve as the foundation for all life and matter (well other than the stuff smaller than atoms). It can contain one atom or trillions of them for anything to be an element, however atoms of different types cannot be combined in. That is to say, every atom has a set number of protons, ranging from 1 to 118. You can be positive that the substance you have is hydrogen if there is just one proton present. Mercury is what you get if you have 80 protons. Atoms of pure hydrogen only contain one proton. As most people are aware, if you add oxygen to it, it turns into water, which is no longer an element but a compound. Nevertheless, the building blocks are the elements. Every single object you can see is composed of elements, whether there are many of them, as there are in the human body, or only a few, as there are in salt.

A compound is a substance with a definite composition (with some leeway there, there are 'non-stoichiometric' compounds), that is composed of 2 or more elements.

Further explanation:

A compound in chemistry is a material that is created by mixing two or more distinct chemical elements in such a way that the atoms of the various elements are kept together by strong chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electron s among the atoms. A molecule is the smallest, unbreakable unit of a substance.

A mixture is not a compound since there is no bonding between the atoms of the constituent substances in a mixture. In certain cases, mixing dissimilar elements causes chemical reactions that result in the formation of bonds between the atoms and the molecules of a compound. Other possibilities allow mixing distinct components without causing a reaction, preserving the separate identities of the elements. When elements are combined, reactions can happen quickly or slowly (for example, when iron is exposed to oxygen) (as when lithium is exposed to oxygen). There are times when an element is introduced to a chemical, a reaction takes place, creating new compounds (as when pure elemental sodium is immersed in liquid water).

A compound frequently looks and acts quite different from any of the constituent parts. Think about hydrogen (H) and oxygen, for instance (O). At standard atmospheric pressure and room temperature, both of these substances are gases. However, they combine to form the well-known material known as water, which is a liquid at room temperature and at normal atmospheric pressure and whose molecules each contain two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).

Few elements' atoms readily combine with those of other elements to produce compounds. These gases—helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon—are referred to as noble or inert gases. Compounds made of certain elements can be formed easily with other elements. Examples include fluorine, chlorine, and oxygen.

2) The adjective compound refers to something that is made up of several different components. Examples of this usage include compound eyes, which are found in a variety of insects, compound microscopes, which are high-power magnifying devices made up of multiple lenses, compound sentences, which are organized collections of smaller sentences that form a single integrated perceptual environment, and compound documents.

Answer:

The corpuscular model of matter is a model of the microscopic structure of matter, which seeks to explain the properties and behavior in each state of aggregation

Explanation:

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The major product formed will be : 2-aminophenyl ethyl ketone

The NO₂ group (-nitro group) on reduction will form a NH₂ group (-amino group).

Answer:

33 atm

Explanation:

If all other variables are held constant, you can use Gay-Lussac's Law to find the pressure change:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

In this equation, "P₁" and "T₁" represent the initial pressure and temperature. "P₂" and "T₂" represent the final pressure and temperature. You can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find P₂.

P₁ = 7.0 atm                     P₂ = ? atm

T₁ = 15 °C                         T₂ = 70 °C

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂                                       <----- Gay-Lussac's Law

7.0 atm / 15 °C = P₂ / 70 °C                   <----- Insert values

0.46667 = P₂ / 70 °C                             <----- Simplify left side

33 = P₂                                                  <----- Multiply both sides by 70

Answer:

545

Explanation:

If we let the unknown temperature in Kelvin be x,

[tex] \frac{0.376 \times 580.3}{43+273} = \frac{0.415 \times 907.1}{x} \\ \\ x = 545[/tex]

The resulting solution will be neutral having a pH of 7.

The term pH is defined as the hydrogen ion concentration in solution. We know that the pH is inversely related to the hydrogen ion concentration in solution.

We know that the reaction between an acid and a base produced a salt. In this case, the salt that is produced is neutral because the acid is completely reacted with the base.

Since the solution contains a mixture of a  containing pH of 3.5 and that of a pH of 10.5, the resulting solution will be neutral having a pH of 7.

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The molarity of the solution will be 4.97 M.

It is the number of moles of solutes per 1 liter of solvent or solution.

Mole of 34.1 g NaCl = 34.1/58.44 = 0.5835 mol

117.3 mL = 117.3/1000 = 0.1173 L

Molarity of the solution = 0.5835/0.1173 = 4.97 M

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Answer:

9.4x10^-1

Explanation:

You have to move the decimal left 3 times so you subtract 3 from the power (2) and get -1

Answer:

1768.14

Explanation:

1. molar mass of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ is: M=12*12+22*1+16*11=342 [gr/mol];

2. the required mass, m=M*ν is: m=5.17*342=1768.14 [gr].

Answer:

ion exchange

Explanation:

because in the time period of chemical reactions it product ion

The mole ratio of the compound and its constituent elements are as follows:

Mole ratio is the ratio of the moles of one or more elements or compounds to another.

The given compound is Ca₄Si₂O₆(CO₃)(OH)₂

Moles of oxygen present in 1 mole of compound = 11 moles

Moles of Si present in 1 mole of compound = 2 moles

Moles of Ca present in 1 mole of compound = 4 moles

Moles of C present in 1 mole of compound = 1 mole

Given the equation of the reaction below;

the mole ratio of the reactants and products are as follows:

In conclusion, the mole ratio of reaction is the ratio in which moles of the substances combine.

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Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, the pH of the solution is 9.69.

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.

The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:

pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]

Similarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:

pOH= - log [OH⁻]

The following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:

pOH + pH= 14

A solution had a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.9×10⁻⁵ M. This is [OH⁻]= 4.9×10⁻⁵ M. So, pOH is calculated as:

pOH= - log (4.9×10⁻⁵ M)

Solving;

pOH= 4.31

Replacing in the relationship established between pH and pOH, the pH can be calculated as:

pH + 4.31= 14

Solving:

pH= 14 - 4.31

pH= 9.69

In summary, the pH of the solution is 9.69.

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The terms is used to describe a solution that results when both the salute and solvent are called alloys

Alllys simply refers to mixture of a solid metal made by combining two or more metallic elements.

There exist alloys of

In conclusion, the terms is used to describe a solution that results when both the salute and solvent are called alloys

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1.506 × 10²³ molecules in  120.0 g of oxygen gas.

The slightest particle of importance contains all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. Molecules are made up of one or more atoms.

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Considering the definition of percentage by mass,  the mass of ammonium sulfate that must be added to prepare 200.0 g of a 3.5% solution of ammonium sulfate in water is 7 g.

The percentage by mass expresses the concentration and indicates the amount of mass of solute present in 100 grams of solution.

In other words, the percentage by mass of a component of the solution is defined as the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.

The percentage by mass is calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution, the result of which is multiplied by 100 to give a percentage. This is:

[tex]percent by mass=\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution}x100[/tex]

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of percent by mass:

[tex]3.5 =\frac{mass of ammonium sulfate}{200 g}x100[/tex]

Solving:

3.5÷100= [tex]\frac{mass of ammonium sulfate}{200 g}[/tex]

0.035= [tex]\frac{mass of ammonium sulfate}{200 g}[/tex]

0.035×200 g= mass of ammonium sulfate

7 g= mass of ammonium sulfate

Finally, the mass of ammonium sulfate that must be added to prepare 200.0 g of a 3.5% solution of ammonium sulfate in water is 7 g.

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Lipids are made up of long hydrocarbon chains and is not soluble in water.

Hence, Option C is correct answer.

Carbohydrate is water soluble macromolecule because they are small polar molecules contains many -OH functional groups that makes it hydrophilic.  

Nucleic acids are long polymeric chain. They are hydrophilic in nature. Nucleic acid are soluble in water because of their polar nature.

Lipids are hydrophobic and they are generally water insoluble because lipids are non polar molecules. Lipids are oily or greasy molecules. Lipids are made up of glycerol molecule. It includes fatty acids.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Lipids are made up of long hydrocarbon chains and is not soluble in water.

Hence, Option C is correct answer.

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531.2 grams of oxygen and 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 make up the potential yield.

Determine the reaction's theoretical yield:

Given is the reaction: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2.

2.38 x 102 g of H2O are provided as the mass.

Given is 18.6 moles of CO2.

6 CO2 + 6 H2O →  C6H12O6 + 6 O2

6 moles of H2O  1 mole of C6H12O6

1 mole of water equals 0.6 moles of C6H12O6.

18gm of H2O = 276/6 gm of C6H12O6

2.38*10^2 gm of H2O = ? gm of C6H12O6

[tex]=\frac{2.38*10^{2} *\frac{276}{6} }{18}[/tex]

[tex]=608.22gms[/tex] of C6H12O6

1 mole of  C6H12O6 = 276gms

? moles of C6H12O6 = 608.22gms

= 608.22/276

= 2.2 moles of C6H12O6

6 moles of CO2 = 6 moles of O2

1 mole of CO2 = 1 mole of O2

∴ 18.6 moles of CO2 = 18.6 moles of O2

1 mole of O2 = 32gms of O2

∴18.6 moles of O2 = ?  gm

= 18.6*32

= 531.2gms of O2

Hence 531.2 grams of oxygen and 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 make up the potential yield

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Yes, recrystallization from water would be a viable technique of purification if crude acetanilide contained sugar and charcoal. Due to their physical insolubility, charcoal found in crude acetanilide and water will form a heterogeneous combination. Charcoal will separate during crystallization because it is insoluble in water. Sugar and the unreconstituted crude acetanilide make up the remaining portion of the combination. Crude acetanilide will crystallize in this combination and separate from the sugar and water solution. Filtration will be used to capture the crude acetanilide that has solidified. Sugar and water make a soluble solution, thus they are kept separate. This is how the charcoal and sugar combination is purified and its constituent parts are separated from crude acetanilide using the recrystallization process from water.

The molarity of citric acid in lemon juice is 0.222 mol/L.

Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1L of solution. Molarity is also known as Molar concentration. The S.I unit of Molarity is molar (M) or mol/L.

Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Liters of solution}}[/tex]

Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

                             = [tex]\frac{21.5\ g}{192\ \text{g/mol}}[/tex]

                             = 0.111 mol

Now put the values in above formula we get

Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Liters of solution}}[/tex]

              = [tex]\frac{0.111\ mol}{0.5\ L}[/tex]

              = 0.222 mol/L

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The molarity of citric acid in lemon juice is 0.222 mol/L.

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0.3268 moles of PC15 can be produced from 58.0 g of Cl₂ (and excess

P4).

The mole, symbol mol, exists as the SI base unit of the amount of substance. The quantity amount of substance exists as a measurement of how many elementary entities of a provided substance stand in an object or sample.

The balanced chemical equation is

[tex]P_{4} + 10Cl_{2} = 4PCl_{5}[/tex]

The mass of clorine is m([tex]Cl_{2}[/tex]) = 58.0 g

The amount of clorine is n([tex]Cl_{2}[/tex]) = m([tex]Cl_{2}[/tex])/M([tex]Cl_{2}[/tex]) = 58/70.906 = 0.817 mol

The stoichiometric reaction,shows that

10 moles of [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] yield 4 moles of [tex]PCl_{5}[/tex];

0.817 of [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] yield x moles of [tex]PCl_{5}[/tex]

n([tex]PCl_{5}[/tex]) = 4*0.817/10 = 0.3268 mole

0.3268 moles of PC15 can be produced from 58.0 g of Cl₂ (and excess

P4).

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Electrons moving in a circle would be accelerating, would lose energy, and would therefore not be able to maintain their orbits.

Atomic models are designed to determine the nature of the atom. There have been several atomic models whose ultimate aim have been to underscore the interaction between the particles that compose the atom.

The atomic models include;

The main problem of the Planetary system model (Rutherford model) of the atom is that electrons moving in a circle would be accelerating, would lose energy, and would therefore not be able to maintain their orbits.

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Answer:

36.1% Ca

Explanation:

To find the percent calcium, you need to (1) construct the chemical formula of calcium chloride, then (2) calculate the molar mass of calcium chloride, and then (3) calculate the percent calcium in calcium chloride.

(Step 1)

Calcium = Ca²⁺

Chlorine = Cl⁻

Calcium Chloride = CaCl₂

(Step 2)

Atomic Mass (Ca): 40.078 g/mol

Atomic Mass (Cl): 35.453 g/mol

Molar Mass (CaCl₂): 40.078 g/mol + 2(35.453 g/mol)

Molar Mass (CaCl₂): 110.984 g/mol

(Step 3)

CaCl₂ = 1 atom Ca and 2 atoms Cl

1 atom Ca = 40.078 g/mol

   40.078 g Ca
--------------------------  x  100%  =  36.1% Ca
 110.984 g CaCl₂