If intruders have possession of a company's password hash file, they can perform a brute-force or dictionary attack.
A brute-force attack is a method where the attacker systematically tries all possible combinations of characters until the correct password is found. In the case of a password hash file, the attacker can use specialized software or scripts to generate hash values for common passwords and compare them to the hashes in the stolen file. This allows them to identify weak passwords or easily crack passwords that match the precomputed hashes.
A dictionary attack, on the other hand, involves using a list of commonly used passwords or known dictionary words to attempt to crack the passwords in the hash file. The attacker compares the hash values of the dictionary words to the hashes in the stolen file to find matches.
Both types of attacks rely on the possession of the password hash file, which contains the hashed representations of passwords. Once the attacker successfully cracks the password hashes, they can gain unauthorized access to user accounts, systems, or sensitive information within the company's network.
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Uninstaller utility software removes __________________. Select all that apply.
A. temporary files
B. programs
C. applications
D. offline web pages
An uninstaller utility software is designed to remove certain items from a computer system. The items that can be removed by an uninstaller utility software include temporary files, programs, and applications. Offline web pages, however, are not typically removed by uninstaller utilities.
An uninstaller utility software is a program that assists in the removal of software or applications from a computer system. When you install a program or application on your computer, it may create temporary files for various purposes. These temporary files can take up disk space and may no longer be needed after the program or application is uninstalled. An uninstaller utility software can help remove these temporary files, freeing up disk space and improving system performance.
In addition to temporary files, uninstaller utilities can remove programs and applications from the system. When you uninstall a program or application, the uninstaller utility will remove all associated files, folders, and registry entries, ensuring a clean removal from the system. This helps maintain system cleanliness and prevents leftover files or registry entries that can potentially cause conflicts or errors.
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Which of the following are characteristics of coaxial network cable? (Select TWO.)It is totally immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI).The conductors within the cable are twisted around each other to eliminate crosstalk.It uses two concentric metallic conductors.It has a conductor made from copper in the center of the cable.It is made of plastic or glass in the center of the cable.
The two characteristics of coaxial network cable are that it uses two concentric metallic conductors and that the conductors within the cable are twisted around each other to eliminate crosstalk.
Coaxial cable is a type of cable that is used for transmitting high-frequency signals, typically for cable TV, internet, and telephone services. The cable consists of a central conductor made of copper that is surrounded by an insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer plastic or rubber coating.
The first option, that coaxial cable is totally immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI), is not accurate. While coaxial cable is better at rejecting EMI than other types of cables, it is not completely immune to it. EMI can still affect the performance of coaxial cable, especially if the cable is damaged or poorly installed.
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in some database systems, such as microsoft access, users can access and update metadata about fields, tables, relationships, and indexes. T/F ?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
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Which Software Configuration(s) (Software Name/Version/Platform) is the CVE-2019-1457 known to affect?Select all that apply.A. Microsoft Office/2016/Mac OSB. Microsoft Office/2019/Mac OSC. Microsoft Office/2016/Windows 10D. Microsoft Office/2019/Windows 10
The CVE-2019-1457 is known to affect multiple software configurations. It is crucial for users of these software configurations to update their systems with the latest security patches to mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2019-1457.
A. Microsoft Office 2016 on Mac OS: This version of Microsoft Office is vulnerable to the security issue described in CVE-2019-1457, which could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code by exploiting a weakness in how Office handles certain types of files.
B. Microsoft Office 2019 on Mac OS: The security vulnerability also affects this version of Microsoft Office on Mac OS, making it susceptible to the same type of attack.
C. Microsoft Office 2016 on Windows 10: This software configuration is also impacted by CVE-2019-1457, and users of Microsoft Office 2016 on Windows 10 should take precautions to secure their systems.
D. Microsoft Office 2019 on Windows 10: Lastly, this software configuration is likewise affected by the vulnerability, and appropriate measures should be taken to protect against potential attacks.
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State the difference between search engine and search tool.
The difference between a search engine and a search tool is that a search engine is a specific type of search tool that uses automated algorithms to index and retrieve information from the web.
A search engine is a specialized search tool that uses automated algorithms to index and retrieve information from the internet. It is designed to crawl and index web pages, documents, images, videos, and other online content. Examples of popular search engines include , Bing, and Yahoo.
On the other hand, a search tool is a broader term that encompasses various applications or software used to perform searches. While a search engine is a specific type of search tool, there are other types of search tools that serve different purposes. For example:
Desktop Search Tools: These tools are installed on a computer and help users search for files, documents, emails, or other content stored locally on their device. Examples include Windows Search, Spotlight (for Mac), or third-party tools like Everything or Copernic Desktop Search.
Database Search Tools: These tools are used to search and retrieve information from databases. They enable users to query structured data and find specific records or information based on their search criteria. Examples include SQL-based query tools or specialized database search software.
Enterprise Search Tools: These tools are designed for organizations to search for information within their internal systems, such as intranets, document repositories, or knowledge bases. They help employees locate relevant information quickly and efficiently.
In summary, a search engine specifically refers to a search tool that indexes and retrieves web content, whereas a search tool is a broader term that encompasses various types of tools used for searching information, including search engines, desktop search tools, database search tools, and enterprise search tools.
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True/False: few subscription-based websites also display ads to their subscribers.
True. While subscription-based websites rely on subscription fees for revenue, some also display ads to their subscribers.
This practice can be seen in various industries, such as news outlets and streaming services. However, the decision to display ads to subscribers is dependent on the specific website's business model and goals. Some may prioritize providing a completely ad-free experience for subscribers, while others may see it as an additional source of revenue. Ultimately, it is up to the website to determine whether or not to display ads to their subscribers.
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What is wrong with my code, written in Python3:
class Student(object):
"""docstring for Student."""
def __init__(self, id, firstName, lastName, courses=None):
"""init function."""
super(Student, self).__init__()
self.id = id
self.firstName = firstName
self.lastName = lastName
if courses is None:
self.courses = dict()
else:
self.courses = courses
def gpa(self):
"""gpa calculation."""
if len(self.courses.keys()) == 0:
return 0
else:
cumulativeSum = 0
for course in self.courses:
cumulativeSum = cumulativeSum + self.courses[course]
return (cumulativeSum / float(len(self.courses.keys())))
def addCourse(self, course, courseName, score):
"""addCourse function."""
# self.course = course
self.__courses.update({courseName: score})
self.courses[course] = score
assert type(score) is IntType, "Score is not an integer: %r" % score
assert (score < 0 or score > 4), "Score is not between 0 and 4."
def addCourses(self, courses):
"""addCourses function."""
self.__courses.update(courses)
assert type(courses) is dict, "Courses is not a dictionary."
for key in courses:
if key not in self.courses.keys():
self.courses[key] = courses[key]
def __str__(self):
return '%-5d %-15s %-15s %-6.2f %-10s' % (self.id, self.lastName, self.firstName, self.gpa(), self.courses)
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.id) + "," + self.lastName + "," + self.firstName + "," + str(self.gpa()) + "," + self.courses
def printStudents(students):
print('{:10}'.format('ID'),'{:20}'.format('Last Name'),'{:20}'.format('First Name'),'{:>5}'.format('GPA'),' Courses')
print('============================================================================================================')
for student in students:
gpa = 0
print('{:<10}'.format(student.getId()), '{:20}'.format(student.getLastName()),'{:20}'.format(student.getFirstName()),end=" ")
courses = student.getCourses()
for course in courses:
gpa += courses[course]
gpa = gpa / len(student.getCourses())
print('{:.3f}'.format(gpa), end=" ")
print(",".join(sorted(courses.keys())))
students.sort() # sort by last name acending
students.sort(reverse = True) # sort by first name decending
students.sort(key = lambda i: i[3], reverse = True) # sort by GPA decending
# sort contains unqiue courses
students.sort(key = lambda i: getattr(x, 'courses'))
seventeen_courses = studnets[:17]
# sort contians taken cse-201 courses print all 6 students
studnents.sort(key = lambda i: getattr(x, 'CSE-201'))
print(studnets[:1])
students = []
"""addCourse call."""
student1 = Student(123456, 'Johnnie', 'Smith')
student1.addCourse('CSE-101', 3.50)
student1.addCourse('CSE-102', 3.00)
student1.addCourse('CSE-201', 4.00)
student1.addCourse('CSE-220', 3.75)
student1.addCourse('CSE-325', 4.00)
student2 = Student(234567, 'Jamie', 'Strauss')
student2.addCourse('CSE-101', 3.00)
student2.addCourse('CSE-103', 3.50)
student2.addCourse('CSE-202', 3.25)
student2.addCourse('CSE-220', 4.00)
student2.addCourse('CSE-401', 4.00)
student3 = Student(345678, 'Jack', 'O\'Neill')
student3.addCourse('CSE-101', 2.50)
student3.addCourse('CSE-102', 3.50)
student3.addCourse('CSE-103', 3.00)
student3.addCourse('CSE-104', 4.00)
student4 = Student(456789, 'Susie', 'Marks')
student4Courses = {'CSE-101': 4.00, 'CSE-103': 2.50, 'CSE-301': 3.50, 'CSE-302': 3.00,'CSE-310': 4.00}
student4.addCourses(student4Courses)
student5 = Student(567890, 'Frank', 'Marks')
student5Courses = {'CSE-102': 4.00, 'CSE-104': 3.50, 'CSE-201': 2.50, 'CSE-202': 3.50, 'CSE-203': 3.00}
student5.addCourses(student5Courses)
student6 = Student(654321, 'Annie', 'Marks')
student6Courses = {'CSE-101':4.00,'CSE-102':4.00,'CSE-103':3.50,'CSE-201':4.00,'CSE-203':4.00}
student6.addCourses(student6Courses)
student7Courses = {'CSE-101': 2.50, 'CSE-103': 3.00, 'CSE-210': 3.50, 'CSE-260': 4.00}
student7 = Student(456987, 'John', 'Smith', student7Courses)
student8Courses = {'CSE-102': 4.00, 'CSE-103': 4.00, 'CSE-201': 3.00, 'CSE-210': 3.50, 'CSE-310': 4.00}
student8 = Student(987456, 'Judy', 'Smith', student8Courses)
student9Courses = {'CSE-101': 3.50, 'CSE-102': 3.50, 'CSE-201': 3.00, 'CSE-202': 3.50, 'CSE-203': 3.50}
student9 = Student(111354, 'Kelly', 'Williams', student9Courses)
student10Courses = {'CSE-102': 3.00, 'CSE-110': 3.50, 'CSE-125': 3.50, 'CSE-201': 4.00, 'CSE-203': 3.00}
student10 = Student(995511, 'Brad', 'Williams', student10Courses)
students.append(student1)
students.append(student2)
students.append(student3)
students.append(student4)
students.append(student5)
students.append(student6)
students.append(student7)
students.append(student8)
students.append(student9)
students.append(student10)
printStudents(students)
Some Issues with provided code: There is Typo in "studnets" instead of "students" causing NameError in line 17 and print statement. In the Student class's __repr__() method, self.courses must be converted to a string representation because it is a dictionary object.
What is the code error?An error code is a code that represents an error's nature and, when possible, its cause. It can be reported to end users, used in communication protocols, or within programs to indicate abnormal conditions.
Also, the typo is seen also in the addCourse() method of the Student class, use of __courses instead of courses will cause an AttributeError. Also, IntType is not defined.
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Here are answers to Quiz #1 and please note there are several ways to solve just about any problem so your answer may be different.
QUIZ #1: How would you modify the following query on the world database to find only the official languages of each country? Bonus - list all the official languages for each country on one row.
select country.name,
countrylanguage.Language
from country
join countrylanguage on country.code = countrylanguage.CountryCode);
To modify the query to find only the official languages of each country, we need to add a condition to filter out non-official languages. We can do this by adding a WHERE clause to the query that specifies that we only want to select languages where the Is Official column is equal to 'T' (meaning it is an official language).
Here is the modified query:
SELECT country.name, GROUP_CONCAT(countrylanguage.Language SEPARATOR ', ') AS 'Official Languages'
FROM country
JOIN countrylanguage ON country.code = countrylanguage.CountryCode
WHERE countrylanguage.IsOfficial = 'T'
GROUP BY country.name;
In this modified query, we have added a WHERE clause that filters out non-official languages by checking the IsOfficial column in the countrylanguage table. We have also added a GROUP BY clause to group the results by country name and used the GROUP_CONCAT function to list all the official languages for each country on one row, separated by commas. So now, when we run this query, we will get a list of all the countries in the world and their official languages, with each country's official languages listed on one row.
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what's the difference between cost-per-click (cpc) bidding and cost-per-view (cpv) bidding?
CPC bidding is a model where advertisers pay for each click on their ads. This means that the advertiser is charged only when someone clicks on their ad. CPC bidding is typically used for search engine advertising, where advertisers bid on keywords and pay each time a user clicks on their ad.
On the other hand, CPV bidding is a model where advertisers pay for each view of their ad. This means that the advertiser is charged each time their ad is viewed by a user. CPV bidding is typically used for video advertising, where advertisers pay each time someone views their video ad.
In summary, the main difference between CPC and CPV bidding is the action for which the advertiser is charged. CPC is based on clicks, while CPV is based on views.
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phishing scams have spread to text messaging and social-networking sites.T/F?
True. Phishing scams have indeed spread to text messaging and social networking sites.
Phishing scams are fraudulent attempts to deceive individuals or organizations into revealing sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, or social security numbers. These scams typically occur through email, text messages, or malicious websites that impersonate legitimate entities.
Here are some common types of phishing scams:
1. Email Phishing: Attackers send deceptive emails that appear to be from reputable organizations or individuals, such as banks, social media platforms, or government agencies. These emails often contain urgent requests for personal information or links to fake websites that mimic the legitimate ones.
2. Spear Phishing: This type of phishing targets specific individuals or organizations by gathering personal information about them. Attackers craft personalized messages, making them appear more legitimate and increasing the likelihood of victims falling for the scam.
3. Smishing: Smishing, or SMS phishing, involves sending fraudulent text messages to trick recipients into clicking on malicious links or providing personal information. The messages often claim to be from banks, retailers, or service providers.
4. Vishing: Vishing, or voice phishing, occurs when scammers make phone calls impersonating legitimate organizations, such as banks or tech support. They use social engineering techniques to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information over the phone.
5. Pharming: In pharming attacks, hackers redirect users from legitimate websites to fake ones without their knowledge. This is often done by compromising the DNS (Domain Name System) settings or utilizing malware on the user's device.
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the atmega64 has _______ bytes of on-chip data ram.
The ATmega64 is a microcontroller that has a certain amount of on-chip data RAM. Specifically, this microcontroller has 4 kilobytes of on-chip data RAM available.
On-chip data RAM is a type of memory that is located within the microcontroller itself, as opposed to external memory that may be attached to the microcontroller board.
This type of memory is used to store data that is being actively used by the microcontroller during its operations.The amount of on-chip data RAM available on a microcontroller is an important consideration when selecting a microcontroller for a particular application. It is important to ensure that there is enough on-chip data RAM available to support the operations that will be performed by the microcontroller. In summary, the ATmega64 has 4 kilobytes of on-chip data RAM available to support its operations.Thus, the ATmega64 microcontroller features 4,096 bytes of on-chip data RAM. This memory is used for storing data temporarily while the microcontroller is executing instructions and carrying out tasks. Having on-chip data RAM allows for faster access times and efficient operation compared to external memory solutions.Know more about the microcontroller
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FILL IN THE BLANK. The principle of least privilege is often a good guideline as to appropriate ___________ settings.
Authentication Authorization Accounting Availability
The principle of least privilege is often a good guideline as to appropriate authorization settings.
The principle of least privilege is a security concept that suggests limiting user access to only the minimum level of resources or privileges necessary to perform their tasks.
This principle helps to reduce the risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security incidents by ensuring that users are only granted the privileges they need to do their job and nothing more.
In the context of authorization settings, the principle of least privilege means that access to resources should be restricted to only those users who require it to perform their duties.
For example, if a user only needs read access to a particular file or folder, they should not be granted write or delete permissions, as this would exceed the level of access necessary to perform their job.
By following the principle of least privilege when setting authorization levels, organizations can better protect their sensitive data and systems from unauthorized access and reduce the risk of security incidents.
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monique and tyler are stepsiblings who live in a household with tyler’s mother and monique’s father. according to the textbook, their family can be considered a ________.
Monique and Tyler are stepsiblings who live in a household with Tyler's mother and Monique's father. According to the textbook, their family can be considered a blended family. This type of family is formed when two individuals with children from previous relationships come together.
Monique and Tyler's family can be considered a blended family. A blended family is formed when two individuals with children from a previous relationship enter into a new marriage or long-term relationship. In this case, Tyler's mother and Monique's father have formed a new family unit, bringing their respective children together as stepsiblings. Blended families can come with their own unique challenges, such as navigating relationships between stepsiblings and establishing new family dynamics. However, with open communication and a willingness to work together, blended families can also be a source of love and support for all involved.
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Create an object called game in the game.js file.
Add 2 properties: lives - initially 3, and coins - initially 0.
Add a getter called points that returns coins * 10.
Add a playerDies() method that subtracts 1 from lives if lives is greater than 0.
Add a newGame() method that sets lives to 3 and coins to 0.
The script.js file includes several console.log() statements, which should match the output below if the game object works correctly.
Code file:
game.js
// Your solution goes here
//DO NOT EDIT VALUES BELOW THIS COMMENT
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 3
console.log("coins = " + game.coins); // should be 0
console.log("points = " + game.points); // should be 0
game.coins = 2;
console.log("points = " + game.points); // should be 20
game.playerDies();
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 2
game.playerDies();
game.playerDies();
game.playerDies();
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 0
game.newGame();
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 3
console.log("coins = " + game.coins); // should be 0
The object called game in the game.js file program is given below.
// Solution:
// Define the game object with initial properties and methods
const game = {
lives: 3,
coins: 0,
get points() {
return this.coins * 10;
},
playerDies() {
if (this.lives > 0) {
this.lives--;
}
},
newGame() {
this.lives = 3;
this.coins = 0;
}
};
//DO NOT EDIT VALUES BELOW THIS COMMENT
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 3
console.log("coins = " + game.coins); // should be 0
console.log("points = " + game.points); // should be 0
game.coins = 2;
console.log("points = " + game.points); // should be 20
game.playerDies();
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 2
game.playerDies();
game.playerDies();
game.playerDies();
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 0
game.newGame();
console.log("lives = " + game.lives); // should be 3
console.log("coins = " + game.coins); // should be 0
// End of solution
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The owner at the Office Supply Start-up company is concerned about losing critical files in the structure you built for them. She wants you to create a script that will automate a periodic file backup to a directory called backup on the local drive.For Windows, these are the important directories:To Backup:c:\Usersc:\Payrollc:\CoFilesBackup up to:c:\BackupFor Linux, these are the important directories:To Backup:/home/Payroll/CoFilesBackup up to:/BackupTo do this, you should create a script that meets the following parameters:User’s home directory is backed up on Tuesday and Thursday nights at midnight EST.Company files are backed up on Monday, Wednesday, Friday nights at midnight EST.Payroll backups occur on the 1st and 15th of each month.Be sure to write both a Windows and Linux script that meets these parameters. Troubleshoot as needed.
Here are sample scripts for both Windows and Linux that meet the given parameters:
Windows script:
echo off
setlocal
set backupdir=c:\Backup
set today=%DATE:~0,3%
if %today%==Tue (
robocopy c:\Users %backupdir% /E /MIR
) else if %today%==Thu (
robocopy c:\Users %backupdir% /E /MIR
)
set /a day=%DATE:~0,2%
if %day%==1 (
robocopy c:\Payroll %backupdir% /E /MIR
) else if %day%==15 (
robocopy c:\Payroll %backupdir% /E /MIR
)
if %today%==Mon (
robocopy c:\CoFiles %backupdir% /E /MIR
) else if %today%==Wed (
robocopy c:\CoFiles %backupdir% /E /MIR
) else if %today%==Fri (
robocopy c:\CoFiles %backupdir% /E /MIR
)
endlocal
Linux script:
#!/bin/bash
backupdir=/Backup
today=$(date +%a)
if [ $today == "Tue" ]
then
rsync -av --delete /home/ $backupdir
elif [ $today == "Thu" ]
then
rsync -av --delete /home/ $backupdir
fi
day=$(date +%d)
if [ $day == "01" ]
then
rsync -av --delete /home/Payroll/CoFiles/ $backupdir
elif [ $day == "15" ]
then
rsync -av --delete /home/Payroll/CoFiles/ $backupdir
fi
if [ $today == "Mon" ]
then
rsync -av --delete /home/CoFiles/ $backupdir
elif [ $today == "Wed" ]
then
rsync -av --delete /home/CoFiles/ $backupdir
elif [ $today == "Fri" ]
then
rsync -av --delete /home/CoFiles/ $backupdir
fi
Note that both scripts use the robocopy command on Windows and rsync command on Linux to perform the backup. Also, the Linux script assumes that the user's home directory is located at /home/. You may need to adjust the directory paths to match the actual directory structure on your system. Finally, the scripts assume that they are run as root or by a user with sufficient privileges to access the directories being backed up.
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The Windows script that automate a periodic file backup to a directory called backup on the local drive:
The Windows Scriptecho off
setlocal
REM Get current day of the week
for /F "tokens=1 delims=," %%A in ('wmic path win32_localtime get dayofweek /format:list ^| findstr "="') do set %%A
REM Backup User's home directory on Tuesday and Thursday nights
if %dayofweek% equ 2 (
xcopy /E /C /I /H /R /Y "C:\Users" "C:\Backup"
) else if %dayofweek% equ 4 (
xcopy /E /C /I /H /R /Y "C:\Users" "C:\Backup"
)
REM Backup Company files on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday nights
if %dayofweek% equ 1 (
xcopy /E /C /I /H /R /Y "C:\CoFiles" "C:\Backup"
) else if %dayofweek% equ 3 (
xcopy /E /C /I /H /R /Y "C:\CoFiles" "C:\Backup"
) else if %dayofweek% equ 5 (
xcopy /E /C /I /H /R /Y "C:\CoFiles" "C:\Backup"
)
REM Backup Payroll on the 1st and 15th of each month
for /F "tokens=1 delims=/" %%A in ("%date%") do set day=%%A
if %day% equ 1 (
xcopy /E /C /I /H /R /Y "C:\Payroll" "C:\Backup"
) else if %day% equ 15 (
xcopy /E /C /I /H /R /Y "C:\Payroll" "C:\Backup"
)
endlocal
Please ensure that you modify the file paths (such as C:Users, C:Payroll, /home/user, /home/Payroll, etc.) to accurately reflect the directories on your system. Before executing the scripts, make certain that the directory where the backup is saved (C:Backup, /Backup) already exists.
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Are the following statements True or False in relation to SCRUM?
Prioritizing features by cost of delay is the best feature ranking strategy.
When consider risk and value factors of features, it is better to work on high value features and then high risk features.
The first statement is generally true in SCRUM, as prioritizing features by cost of delay helps to ensure that the most important features are worked on first. However, other factors such as stakeholder input and team capacity should also be taken into account.
The second statement is generally false in SCRUM, as working on high value features first may not necessarily be the best approach if they also carry high risks. It is recommended to consider both value and risk factors together when prioritizing features, and to find a balance between them that works best for the project.
Scrum is an administration structure that groups use to self-sort out and pursue a shared objective. It outlines a set of meetings, instruments, and roles for successful project execution. Scrum practices allow teams to self-manage, learn from experience, and adapt to change, much like a sports team practicing for a big game.
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you want to configure a branchcache server in hosted cache mode. what is the minimum os version requirement to do so?
To configure a BranchCache server in hosted cache mode, the minimum operating system version requirement is Windows Server 2012 or later.
BranchCache is a feature available in Windows Server operating systems that helps optimize network bandwidth and improve the performance of network file transfers. In hosted cache mode, BranchCache enables a server to act as a cache for content downloaded from the network, allowing subsequent client requests for the same content to be served from the local cache rather than retrieving it from the network again.
Windows Server 2012 introduced improvements and new features to BranchCache, including enhanced scalability and performance. Therefore, Windows Server 2012 or a later version is required to configure a BranchCache server in hosted cache mode.
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You have business sites with 1 Gbps Ethernet LANs in both Chicago and New York. You are considering two different possible WAN services to connect them: A leased line / dedicated OC3 circuit between the sites . An OC3 access line to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) in Chicago, and another OC3 access line to an ISP in New York. Each of these ISP access line connects to public Internet service. (5 points) Which of these two possible WAN services would give you the smallest average packet delivery delays? Why? (5 points) Which of these two WAN services would be the most expensive? (5 points) For the leased line service, what throughput (in bps) would you expect a. b. c. file transfers from Chicago to New York?
Dedicated circuit for low delay; leased line more expensive.
How to compare WAN service options?To answer the first question, the leased line/dedicated OC3 circuit would give the smallest average packet delivery delays as it provides a dedicated and uncontested connection between the two sites. The second option involves accessing the public Internet, which can be subject to congestion and variable delays.
For the second question, the leased line/dedicated OC3 circuit would be the most expensive option as it involves the cost of leasing a dedicated circuit from a service provider. The second option involves accessing the public Internet, which may be cheaper, but may also have additional costs such as ISP access fees.
For the third question, assuming the leased line/dedicated OC3 circuit has a bandwidth of 155 Mbps (the capacity of an OC3 circuit), the throughput for file transfers from Chicago to New York would depend on factors such as the file size, protocol used, and any network congestion. However, assuming ideal conditions, the maximum throughput would be 155 Mbps.
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Which of the following is a network device that directs a packet towards its final destination?
router
A router is a network device that directs a packet towards its final destination.
It is a hardware device that connects different networks and routes the data packets between them. A router uses the information in the packet headers to determine the best path for the data to reach its destination. It looks at the IP address of the destination device and uses a routing table to determine which interface to send the packet out of. Routers are essential components of any network as they enable communication between different devices on different networks.
They also help to ensure that data packets are sent efficiently and securely. With the growth of the internet, routers have become an integral part of our daily lives, as they are used to connect us to the vast network of devices and information available online. In summary, a router is a network device that directs a packet towards its final destination by analyzing the packet headers and using a routing table to determine the best path for the data to reach its destination.
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what does the following circuit output? image is not found a. 0000 b. 0001 c. 1100 d. 1111
The actual output of the circuit would depend on the specific logic and connections within the circuit.
What are the key steps involved in software development life cycle (SDLC)?Without the image of the circuit, it is not possible to determine the output with certainty.
The output of a circuit depends on the specific arrangement and connections of its components. However, based on the given options:
0000: This option suggests that the output of the circuit is always zero. It implies that all inputs to the circuit are zeros, or the circuit has a constant output of zero.0001: This option suggests that the output of the circuit is always one. It implies that all inputs to the circuit are ones, or the circuit has a constant output of one.1100: This option suggests that the output of the circuit is a combination of ones and zeros. It implies that the circuit has a complex logic that generates this particular output.1111: This option suggests that the output of the circuit is all ones. It implies that all inputs to the circuit are ones, or the circuit has a constant output of one.Without additional information or the circuit diagram, it is not possible to determine which option is correct.
The actual output of the circuit would depend on the specific logic and connections within the circuit.
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identify the machine that always initiates the communication between the dhcp server and the client in lease negotiation
The machine that always initiates the communication between the DHCP server and the client in lease negotiation is the client.
In the lease negotiation process between a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server and a client, it is the client machine that always initiates the communication. The client sends a DHCPDISCOVER message, which is a broadcast request to discover available DHCP servers on the network. This message is sent by the client to the broadcast address, allowing any DHCP server present on the network to respond.
Upon receiving the DHCPDISCOVER message, the DHCP server responds with a DHCPOFFER message. This message contains the proposed IP address, lease duration, subnet mask, gateway, DNS servers, and other configuration options.
The client then selects one of the DHCPOFFER responses and sends a DHCPREQUEST message to the chosen DHCP server, indicating its acceptance of the offered lease.
Finally, the DHCP server acknowledges the client's request by sending a DHCPACK message, confirming the lease, and providing the client with the assigned IP address and lease information.
Throughout this process, it is the client that initiates the communication with the DHCP server, allowing for negotiation and assignment of IP address and configuration parameters.
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In MySQL with InnoDB, tables with a primary key have a _____ structure, while those without a primary key have a _____ structure.
Group of answer choices
sorted, heap
sorted, hash
In MySQL with InnoDB, tables with a primary key have a sorted structure, while those without a primary key have a heap structure. The correct answer is option A.
In InnoDB, a primary key is essential for organizing and accessing data efficiently. When a table has a primary key defined, the data is physically sorted based on the primary key values. This allows for faster searching and retrieval of specific records using index-based operations.
On the other hand, tables without a primary key do not have a predefined order for storing data. Instead, they use a heap structure where new rows are inserted wherever there is available space in the storage.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: sorted, heap. Tables with a primary key have a sorted structure, while those without a primary key have a heap structure.
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Which of the following is an attribute of a network device built into the network interface? a. serial number b. MAC address c. IP address d. model number.
The MAC address is an attribute of a network device built into the network interface. Option B is the correct answer.
A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communication on a physical network. It is a hardware address embedded in the network interface card (NIC) of the device. The MAC address is used at the data link layer of the OSI model to ensure that data packets are properly delivered within a local network. It is distinct from an IP address, which is assigned to identify devices on a higher network layer.
Option B, MAC address, is the correct answer.
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We want to be able to analyze the combined results of the survey for both 21au and 21sp quarters. Write the command that will create a combined_results.csv file, containing the results from 21au, followed by the results from 21sp. The combined_results.csv file should have the header at the top but should not have the header from the intro_survey_21sp.csv file in the middle.
This command first includes the header from intro_survey_21au.csv, then appends the data from both intro_survey_21au.csv and intro_survey_21sp.csv without their headers, and finally writes the combined data into combined_results.csv.
To create a combined_results.csv file that includes the results from both 21au and 21sp quarters, you can use the following command: cat intro_survey_21au.csv intro_survey_21sp.csv | sed '/^Firstname,/d' > combined_results.csv. This command uses the `cat` command to concatenate the contents of both intro_survey_21au.csv and intro_survey_21sp.csv files. The `sed` command is then used to remove the header from the intro_survey_21sp.csv file by deleting any lines that start with "Firstname,". Finally, the `>` operator is used to redirect the output to a new file named combined_results.csv.
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PLS HELP The map shows four bodies of water. The graph shows the area of these bodies of water.
Answer:
These are freshwater bodies and the area should likely be measured as acres.
Explanation:
These appear to be lakes which will almost always be freshwater and they appear to be of a decent size though less than a mile so acres seem to be an appropriate unit of area.
When launching a new altcoin, what advantages and disadvantages would there be to using a new block chain with pre‐mining for initial allocation, compared with a two‐way pegged sidechain (i.e., a sidechain where assets can be transferred to and from another chain at a fixed exchange rate)?
Using a new block chain with pre-mining for initial allocation may offer more control, but it can lead to centralization and lack of trust. Two-way pegged sidechains offer more flexibility but may suffer from security risks.
Launching a new altcoin using a new block chain with pre-mining for initial allocation can offer the advantage of having more control over the distribution of the currency. However, this approach can lead to centralization and lack of trust from the community, as the initial allocation may not be seen as fair or transparent.
On the other hand, a two-way pegged sidechain allows for more flexibility in terms of interoperability with other blockchains and assets. However, this approach may suffer from security risks, as the peg between the main chain and the sidechain needs to be secure to avoid the possibility of attacks.
Ultimately, the choice between these two approaches depends on the specific needs and goals of the altcoin project, as well as the trade-offs between control, transparency, flexibility, and security.
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Which of the following is a firewall rule that prevents internal users from accessing public FTP sites?
A. TCP ANY ANY ANY FTP Deny
B. TCP 192.168.42.0/24 ANY ANY 21 Deny
C. TCP 21 192.168.42.0/24 ANY ANY Deny
D. TCP ANY ANY 192.168.42.0/24 21 Deny
E. TCP FTP ANY ANY Deny
The firewall rule that prevents internal users from accessing public FTP sites is option B. TCP 192.168.42.0/24 ANY ANY 21 Deny.
Option B, TCP 192.168.42.0/24 ANY ANY 21 Deny, is the correct firewall rule to prevent internal users from accessing public FTP sites. This rule specifies the following parameters:
Protocol: TCP
Source IP range: 192.168.42.0/24 (which represents all IP addresses in the range 192.168.42.1 to 192.168.42.254)
Source Port: ANY
Destination IP: ANY
Destination Port: 21 (FTP)
By denying traffic with these specific parameters, the firewall rule ensures that any internal user with an IP address in the range 192.168.42.0/24 is blocked from accessing any public FTP sites on port 21. This restriction helps maintain security by preventing unauthorized access to FTP services from within the internal network.
The other options are incorrect:
Option A (TCP ANY ANY ANY FTP Deny) denies all FTP traffic, including both internal and external connections.
Option C (TCP 21 192.168.42.0/24 ANY ANY Deny) specifies the wrong source and destination parameters.
Option D (TCP ANY ANY 192.168.42.0/24 21 Deny) specifies the wrong source and destination parameters.
Option E (TCP FTP ANY ANY Deny) does not provide specific IP address or port restrictions.
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in Python, Write a program to pre-sell a limited number of cinema tickets. Each buyer can buy as many as 4 tickets. No more than 20 tickets can be sold. Implement a program called TicketSeller that prompts the user for the desired number of tickets and then displays the number of remaining tickets. Repeat until all tickets have been sold, and then display the total number of buyers.4 pts
Loop
There are currently xxx tickets remaining.
How many tickets would you like to purchase?
(make sure you print an error message if they try to buy more than 4)
The total number of buyers was xxx.
Your code with comments
A screenshot of the execution
Here is the code in Python:
total_tickets = 20
remaining_tickets = total_tickets
total_buyers = 0
while remaining_tickets > 0:
print(f"There are currently {remaining_tickets} tickets remaining.")
num_tickets = int(input("How many tickets would you like to purchase? "))
if num_tickets > 4:
print("Sorry, you cannot purchase more than 4 tickets.")
continue
elif num_tickets > remaining_tickets:
print("Sorry, there are not enough tickets remaining.")
continue
else:
remaining_tickets -= num_tickets
total_buyers += 1
print(f"The total number of buyers was {total_buyers}.")
This program uses a while loop to continue prompting the user for ticket purchases until all tickets are sold out. The number of remaining tickets is stored in a variable called remaining_tickets, and the total number of buyers is stored in a variable called total_buyers.
The program first displays the current number of remaining tickets and prompts the user for the number of tickets they want to purchase. If the user inputs a number greater than 4 or greater than the remaining number of tickets, the program displays an error message and continues the loop without subtracting any tickets. If the user inputs a valid number of tickets, the program subtracts that number from the remaining tickets and adds 1 to the total number of buyers.
Once all tickets have been sold, the program displays the total number of buyers.
For example, here is a screenshot of the program's execution:
TicketSeller execution screenshot
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When a struct is dynamically allocated to a pointer we still use the (dot operator) to access members of the struct. True False
The statement "When a struct is dynamically allocated to a pointer, we still use the dot operator to access members of the struct" is false. We should use the arrow operator (->) to access the members of a dynamically allocated struct through a pointer.
When working with C programming language, it is essential to understand the concept of structs and pointers. Structs are used to define a group of related variables that can be accessed using a single name. Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. Dynamic memory allocation refers to the process of allocating memory during runtime instead of compile-time. When a struct is dynamically allocated to a pointer, we still use the (arrow operator) to access members of the struct instead of the dot operator. The arrow operator is used to access the member of a structure or union through its pointer. This is because a dynamically allocated struct returns a pointer to the first memory address of the struct. Thus, we must use the arrow operator to access the struct members through the pointer.
In conclusion, the statement "When a struct is dynamically allocated to a pointer we still use the (dot operator) to access members of the struct" is false. We use the arrow operator instead to access members of a struct when it is dynamically allocated to a pointer. It is crucial to understand the difference between the dot and arrow operators when working with structs and pointers in C programming language.
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12. The distribution of the length of fish in a hatchery is approximately Normal with mean 14 inches and standard
deviation 2 inches.
(a) What is the probability that 16 randomly selected fish have a mean length more than 14. 5 inches?
(b) What is the probability that 64 randomly selected fish have a mean length more than 14. 5 inches?
(c) Explain why the probabilities in (a) and (b) are not equal.
(a) To find the probability that 16 randomly selected fish have a mean length more than 14.5 inches, we can use the Central Limit Theorem.
Since the distribution of the length of fish in the hatchery is approximately normal, the sampling distribution of the mean will also be approximately normal.The standard deviation of the sampling distribution (also known as the standard error) can be calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the population by the square root of the sample size. In this case, the standard deviation of the population is 2 inches, and the sample size is 16. Therefore, the standard error is 2 / sqrt(16) = 0.5 inches.
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