___________ must be ruled out when determining the effectiveness of a particular therapy.

The studies finding that heavier exposure to sexual content on TV is related to earlier initiation of sexual intercourse are guided by the theoretical framework of social learning theory.

This framework suggests that individuals learn behavior through observing and imitating the actions of others, which can be seen in the media they consume.

The more exposure an individual has to sexual content on TV, the more likely they are to see this behavior as acceptable and potentially imitate it themselves.

Additionally, this framework also acknowledges the role of reinforcement in behavior learning, meaning that individuals may be more likely to engage in sexual behavior if they see it being rewarded in the media they consume.

Overall, social learning theory provides a useful framework for understanding the impact of media on behavior and can help inform interventions aimed at reducing risky behavior among youth.

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The qualitative characteristic that means there is agreement between a measure and a real-world phenomenon is Reliability.

In accounting, reliability is a quality that establishes the trustworthiness of data presented in financial statements. Reliability is also defined as the consistency of measurements obtained over time and under different circumstances.The reliability concept is critical since financial statements are often utilized to make financial judgments or decisions. Managers depend on the data presented in the financial statement to make informed decisions that impact the success of their company.

Additionally, the investors, regulators, and auditors must rely on the information given in the financial statements to assess the business's financial performance. In summary, reliability is crucial in accounting since it guarantees that the financial statements presented are consistent and trustworthy, assisting in making sound judgments.

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Pneumothorax, a condition characterized by air separating the visceral and parietal pleura in the chest, leads to a lowered capacity or volume of the affected lung.

Pneumothorax causes a collapse of the lung due to the presence of air in the pleural space. The pleural space is the area between the visceral pleura (the membrane surrounding the lung) and the parietal pleura (the membrane lining the chest wall). When air enters this space, it disrupts the normal pressure balance, causing the lung to collapse partially or completely.

As a result of the collapsed lung, the capacity or volume of the affected lung is reduced. The lung is unable to expand fully during inspiration, leading to decreased oxygen exchange and impaired respiratory function. The lowered lung capacity can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and decreased oxygen saturation levels. Treatment for pneumothorax typically involves removing the air from the pleural space, allowing the lung to re-expand. This may be done through the insertion of a chest tube to evacuate the air or through surgical interventions. Restoring the lung's capacity is crucial for normal respiratory function and the overall well-being of the individual affected by pneumothorax.

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The statement is an example of the fallacy of argumentum ad populum or appeals to the people.

This fallacy argues that an idea or proposition is true or false based on its popularity or the number of people who support or oppose it. In this case, the argument assumes that because 66% of Americans oppose a national sales tax, it must be a bad idea. However, the popularity of an idea or proposition does not necessarily make it true or false. The truth or validity of an idea should be based on evidence, reasoning, and facts, not on how many people support or oppose it. Therefore, relying on public opinion polls to support or oppose an idea is not a valid form of argumentation and is considered a fallacy. It is important to critically evaluate arguments and evidence before accepting or rejecting an idea or proposition.

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Transnational "portfolio investment" occurs when an investor from one country participates in the capital market of another country by investing in stocks or bonds of a company based in that country.

Transnational portfolio investment refers to the act of cross-border investment in stocks or bonds of foreign companies. It involves an investor based in one country entering the capital market of another country to purchase securities issued by a firm located in that country. Portfolio investment is characterized by a focus on financial assets, such as stocks and bonds, rather than direct ownership or control of companies. Investors engage in this type of investment to diversify their portfolios, seek potential returns, or take advantage of opportunities in foreign markets.

By participating in the capital markets of another nation, investors can gain exposure to different economies, industries, and companies, thereby spreading their investment risk. This form of transnational investment contributes to the global integration of financial markets and facilitates the flow of capital across borders. Transnational portfolio investment plays a significant role in promoting international capital flows and supporting the development and growth of businesses in different countries. It allows investors to access a broader range of investment opportunities and enables companies to raise funds from global investors, fostering economic interconnectedness and financial stability on a global scale.

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True Statement(s): social construct that has been constructed and perpetuated by human societies, shaping perceptions, experiences, and inequalities.

Race is a social construct.

False Statement(s):

Race is by definition always about differences in physical appearance.

Race is about bloodlines.

Race is not real.

Race is indeed a social construct rather than a fixed or inherent biological category. It is a concept that has been developed and defined by societies to categorize people based on perceived physical differences such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. However, these physical differences alone do not determine one's race.

The classification of race varies across different societies and has changed over time, highlighting its constructed nature. Furthermore, the notion that race is about bloodlines is inaccurate. While ideas of ancestry and lineage may be associated with race, race itself is not solely based on genetic or biological factors. It is primarily a social and cultural construct that has been used to assign social meaning, power dynamics, and access to resources.

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Linguist Noam Chomsky claimed that children are born into the world with a language acquisition device The correct option is A) language acquisition device

, a biological endowment that enables them to detect certain features and rules of language, such as phonology, syntax, and semantics. This idea is central to Chomsky's theory of language development, which suggests that humans possess an innate ability to acquire and understand language.

The language acquisition device is thought to provide children with the necessary tools to quickly and efficiently learn their native language. It helps them to grasp linguistic structures and patterns, even though the input they receive may be incomplete or imperfect. This innate capacity explains why young children are able to learn languages more easily than adults, who often struggle with new grammar and pronunciation rules.

Chomsky's theory contrasts with behaviorist theories that emphasize the role of imitation, reinforcement, and practice in language learning. According to the language acquisition device concept, children do not just mimic the speech they hear around them, but instead use their innate abilities to analyze and understand the underlying principles of the language.

Overall, the language acquisition device proposed by Noam Chomsky highlights the importance of inborn abilities in language development, suggesting that humans have a unique, biologically-based capacity for understanding and acquiring language.

Therefore, The correct option is A) language acquisition device

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The criterion for reward distribution that focuses on factors such as tenure or level in the organizational hierarchy is the Non-Performance considerations criterion.

The Non-Performance considerations criterion is a reward distribution approach that emphasizes factors other than individual performance outcomes, actions, or behaviors. Instead, rewards are allocated based on considerations such as an individual's tenure or their position within the organizational hierarchy. This criterion recognizes factors such as seniority, years of service, or the hierarchical level an individual occupies as the primary basis for reward distribution. Performance results, traits, or specific actions and behaviors may not be the primary consideration when determining rewards in this approach.

Non-performance considerations may be utilized to promote fairness, loyalty, or to recognize individuals who have accumulated extensive experience or contributed to the organization over a long period. By focusing on factors such as tenure or organizational position, this criterion aims to provide incentives and rewards based on an individual's seniority or rank rather than solely on performance outcomes. It is important to note that this approach may have both advantages and disadvantages, as it may not directly align rewards with individual performance or incentivize high performance and continuous improvement.

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To find the velocity of the 3-kg oxygen bottle just prior to impact at sea level, we can use the principle of conservation of mechanical energy. Assuming there is no significant air resistance, the potential energy at the initial height will be converted entirely into kinetic energy at the final height.

The potential energy (PE) of the bottle at an altitude of 4500 m is given by:

PE = m * g * h

where m is the mass of the bottle (3 kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height (4500 m).

PE = 3 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 4500 m

  = 132,300 J

At sea level, the potential energy is zero, and all the initial potential energy is converted into kinetic energy (KE) just before impact.

KE = 1/2 * m * v^2

where v is the velocity of the bottle just before impact.

Setting the potential energy equal to the kinetic energy:

PE = KE

132,300 J = 1/2 * 3 kg * v^2

Simplifying the equation:

v^2 = 2 * (132,300 J) / 3 kg

v^2 = 88,200 J / kg

Taking the square root of both sides:

v = sqrt(88,200 J / kg)

v ≈ 297 m/s

Therefore, the velocity of the 3-kg oxygen bottle just prior to impact at sea level would be approximately 297 m/s.

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Functionalism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it expanded the scope of psychology to consider emotion and observable behavior. Thus, option C is correct.

Functionalism, which emerged as a psychological school of thought in the late 19th century, emphasized the practical functions and purposes of mental processes and behaviors. It aimed to understand the adaptive nature of the mind and how mental processes and behaviors contribute to an individual's ability to adapt and function in their environment.

By focusing on the functions and purposes of mental processes, functionalism broadened the scope of psychology beyond the study of pure introspection and structural elements of the mind. It emphasized the importance of studying observable behavior and its relationship to cognitive processes, emotions, and environmental contexts. Functionalism paved the way for the inclusion of emotion, motivation, and the study of behavior in psychology, moving away from a strict focus on internal mental processes. In doing so, it provided a more comprehensive and practical approach to understanding human psychology and behavior.

Therefore, option C is correct response.

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B) Refrain from getting involved in cases of suspected neglect.

It is the key ideal and principle of the Code of Ethical Conduct that is not included in the options provided. The other options mentioned align with key ideals and principles of the Code of Ethical Conduct, which generally emphasize the well-being, rights, and potential of each child.

The professional working class with children needs to address the cases of neglect and address the suspected neglect and take proper measures to ensure the safety and well-being of the child therefore option B is not the line with the principles of the code of ethics.

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To earn a target income of $60,000, the company needs to make sales of $672,727.

  To calculate the amount of sales needed to achieve a target income, we can use the formula:

Sales = (Fixed Costs + Target Income) / Contribution Margin Ratio

Given that the fixed costs are $270,000 and the target income is $60,000, we can substitute these values into the formula:

Sales = ($270,000 + $60,000) / 0.55

Sales = $330,000 / 0.55

Sales ≈ $600,000

  Therefore, the company needs to make sales of approximately $600,000 to earn a target income of $60,000.

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To calculate the work required to stretch the spring from 0.2 meters to 0.35 meters, we need to determine the change in length and use Hooke's Law.

The change in length is given by:

ΔL = final length - initial length

ΔL = 0.35 m - 0.2 m

ΔL = 0.15 meters

Hooke's Law states that the force required to stretch or compress a spring is directly proportional to the change in length. The formula for the force exerted by a spring is:

F = k * ΔL

We know that it takes 6 joules of work to stretch the spring to 0.3 meters, which means the force required at that point is 6 Newtons. Using this information, we can calculate the spring constant (k) as follows:

6 J = k * 0.15 m

k = 6 J / 0.15 m

k = 40 N/m

Now that we have the spring constant, we can calculate the work required to stretch the spring to 0.35 meters:

Work = (1/2) * k * ΔL^2

Work = (1/2) * 40 N/m * (0.15 m)^2

Work = (1/2) * 40 N/m * 0.0225 m^2

Work = 0.45 joules

Therefore, it would require 0.45 joules of work to stretch the spring to a length of 0.35 meters.

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In many industries, more than 40% of revenues are generated from new products introduced during the previous year.

Businesses across various industries rely on innovation and new product development to drive growth and capture market share. Companies continually invest in research and development (R&D) to create and introduce new products that meet evolving customer needs and preferences. These new products often contribute significantly to a company's revenue stream.

While the exact percentage may vary depending on the industry and specific company, it is common for more than 40% of revenues to come from new products launched within the previous year. This highlights the importance of continuous product innovation and the ability to adapt to changing market dynamics. Companies that successfully introduce compelling new products can gain a competitive edge, attract customers, and achieve substantial revenue growth.

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The process of human evolution leading to modern Homo sapiens could be best described as branches on a tree. The correct option is d.

In summary, the best description of the process of human evolution leading to modern Homo sapiens is that it resembles branches on a tree, representing the complex and interconnected nature of the evolutionary process.

Therefore, the correct option is d.

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Boomerang children is used to describe adult children who return to their parents' home for economic or emotional reasons

Boomerang kids are teenagers or different person kids who pass again in with their mother and father after dwelling independently. Often, boomerang kids go back to their mother and father for monetary motives which include low wages, low savings, excessive debt, or unemployment, or international economic crisis. Extended Family – Kinship Care. Extended households encompass numerous generations of humans and might consist of organic mother and father and their kids in addition to in-laws, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. An prolonged own circle of relatives is a own circle of relatives organization which incorporates household which include uncles, aunts, and grandparents, in addition to mother and father, kids, and brothers and sisters.

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If the current price charged by Pupper Co. corresponds to an elasticity of demand of 1.2, it means that the demand for its dog food is relatively elastic.

In this case, Pupper Co. can increase its revenues by decreasing the price of dog food. When the demand is elastic, a decrease in price leads to a proportionately larger increase in quantity demanded, resulting in higher total revenue. By reducing the price, Pupper Co. can attract more customers and increase the quantity of dog food sold. The increase in quantity sold outweighs the decrease in price, leading to higher total revenue. However, the impact on profits depends on the cost structure and other factors such as production costs and operating expenses.

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The statement that the primary source of funding for the Paralympic Games comes from IPC partnerships with private and public bodies is true.

The Paralympic Games, which are held alongside the Olympic Games, require significant financial resources to support the event's infrastructure, logistics, athlete support, and various operational aspects. The IPC, as the governing body of the Paralympic Movement, takes on the responsibility of securing the required funding.

To accomplish this, the IPC actively seeks partnerships with private companies and organizations, as well as public entities such as governments and municipal authorities. These partnerships often involve sponsorship agreements, financial contributions, and other forms of support. Private companies may provide financial support through sponsorship deals, marketing collaborations, and corporate partnerships, while public bodies can offer funding grants or support through governmental initiatives.

By establishing these partnerships, the IPC ensures a sustainable financial model for organizing and hosting the Paralympic Games. The funds generated from these partnerships are utilized to cover various expenses associated with the event, including athlete support programs, venue preparations, broadcasting rights, and overall event management.

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To best achieve the goal of blocking certain ports on individual computers involved in credit card transactions, Michael can implement a firewall.

A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Specifically, Michael can configure the firewall to block the ports that are not required for credit card transactions, effectively restricting unauthorized access to those ports. By implementing a firewall, Michael can control and manage the network traffic at the port level, ensuring that only the necessary ports for credit card transactions are open while blocking or filtering other ports.

Firewalls can be implemented at different levels within a network, such as the individual computers themselves or at the network perimeter. Depending on the specific requirements and infrastructure of the organization, Michael can choose an appropriate firewall solution, such as host-based firewalls for individual computers or network-based firewalls for the entire network.

It is important to regularly update and maintain the firewall to ensure that it stays effective against new threats and vulnerabilities. Additionally, Michael should consider implementing other security measures, such as encryption protocols, secure network configurations, and regular security audits, to enhance the overall security of credit card transactions and compliance with financial regulations.

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The correct option is C, Native Americans were encouraged to establish small family farms" does not align with the assimilation policies of the time.

Assimilation refers to the process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural, social, and behavioral norms of a dominant or majority group. It involves the integration of individuals from diverse backgrounds into the prevailing cultural framework, often resulting in a loss or suppression of their original cultural practices, traditions, and identities.

Assimilation can occur in various contexts, such as immigration, colonization, or within minority communities striving for acceptance within a larger society. It typically involves adapting to the language, customs, values, and norms of the dominant group, often leading to a sense of belonging and acceptance. However, assimilation can also result in the erasure or marginalization of the minority culture and may lead to the loss of unique traditions, language, and heritage.

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The given statement "Research is complete only when scholars share their results or findings with the scientific community" is True because research is considered complete when scholars share their results or findings with the scientific community.

The process of sharing research results is an essential aspect of the scientific method and the advancement of knowledge. By sharing their findings, scholars contribute to the collective body of knowledge in their respective fields and allow other researchers to examine, evaluate, and build upon their work.

Sharing research results typically involves publishing research articles in scientific journals, presenting findings at conferences, or disseminating information through other academic channels. These forms of communication ensure that the research is accessible to the wider scientific community and allows for critical evaluation, replication, and further exploration of the topic.

Moreover, the process of sharing research results promotes transparency, credibility, and accountability in scientific endeavors. It allows for peer review, constructive feedback, and opportunities for collaboration among researchers. Through sharing their results, scholars contribute to the ongoing dialogue and development of their field, fostering intellectual growth and progress.

Therefore, research is considered complete when scholars actively share their results or findings with the scientific community.

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When multiple individuals own a property as tenants in common, it means that each owner has an undivided interest in the property.

In this case, the farm is owned by eight heirs as tenants in common, which means that each heir has an equal share in the property. They are not required to use or occupy the property in equal portions or at the same time, but they must all agree on any major decisions related to the property.

Each heir can sell, mortgage, or transfer their ownership interest without the consent of the other owners. However, if one owner dies, their share will be passed on to their heirs or beneficiaries according to their will or state law.

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In a 2005 music rhythm game, the type of performer that typically headlines would be a prominent musician or band.

These games, such as Guitar Hero or Dance Dance Revolution, often feature popular songs and aim to simulate the experience of playing an instrument or dancing.

The headline performer could vary depending on the specific game and its licensed music. It could include a range of genres, from rock bands to pop stars, depending on the game's target audience and musical selection.

The game's success often relies on featuring well-known and chart-topping artists to attract players and enhance the overall gaming experience.

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Agriculture was the weakest area of the American economy in the 1920s. The agricultural sector faced challenges such as overproduction, falling prices, and debt burdens, leading to financial distress and a decline in farm income.

The weakest area of the American economy in the 1920s was agriculture. While the decade is often associated with economic prosperity and growth, the agricultural sector faced significant challenges and experienced a deepening crisis during this period. Farmers struggled with overproduction, falling prices, and heavy debt burdens, leading to widespread financial distress. The agricultural sector was hit hard by declining commodity prices, increased mechanization, and the lingering effects of World War I.

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A book on the Nuer, which details their way of life based on firsthand observation is known as an ethnography and is based on fieldwork.

Ethnography is a research method used in anthropology and other social sciences to study and understand different cultures and societies. It involves immersing oneself in the community being studied, observing daily life, conducting interviews, and collecting data directly from the participants. Ethnographic research aims to capture the nuances of a culture, its social structures, beliefs, practices, and values.

When an anthropologist or researcher conducts fieldwork among the Nuer, they spend an extended period living among the Nuer people, participating in their activities, and building relationships with community members. This firsthand immersion allows the researcher to gain a deep understanding of Nuer's way of life, kinship systems, economic practices, religious beliefs, political organization, and other cultural aspects.

Based on the researcher's observations, interviews, and analysis of data collected during fieldwork, they compile their findings into a comprehensive book. This book, referred to as an ethnography, presents an in-depth account of the Nuer culture, providing insights into their social, economic, and cultural systems. Ethnographies are valued for their rich descriptions, contextual understanding, and the unique perspectives they offer. They provide a means for scholars and readers to gain knowledge about different cultures, challenge assumptions, and broaden their understanding of human diversity.

In summary, an ethnography is a book that details the way of life of a particular group, such as the Nuer, based on firsthand observation and fieldwork conducted by anthropologists or researchers who immerse themselves in the community being studied.

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The given statement, "The United States Supreme Court has held that zoning is a constitutional exercise of the government's police powers." is true.

Zoning refers to the practice of dividing land into different zones or districts and regulating the use, development, and density of those areas. The Supreme Court has recognized that zoning is a legitimate means for the government to promote public health, safety, and welfare. Zoning regulations are subject to constitutional scrutiny to ensure they are reasonable and do not violate property rights or other constitutional protections.

However, the general principle is that zoning is a constitutional exercise of the government's police powers. Therefore, the United States Supreme Court has held that zoning is a constitutional exercise of the government's police powers is correct.

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Hospitals and other acute care settings typically provide a range of services focused on the diagnosis and treatment of complex disorders.

These services may include emergency care for patients with life-threatening conditions, surgical procedures, diagnostic testing such as imaging scans and lab work, and medical treatments such as medication management and rehabilitation services. Hospitals also provide specialty care for patients with conditions that require highly specialized expertise, such as cancer treatment, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease. In addition to medical services, hospitals may also provide support services such as social work, counseling, and spiritual care to help patients and their families cope with the emotional and psychological impacts of illness and hospitalization. Overall, hospitals and other acute care settings play a critical role in diagnosing and treating complex medical conditions and helping patients achieve optimal health outcomes.

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Federal preemption of state law occurs when there is a literal conflict between state and federal regulations, making it impossible to follow both simultaneously.

In the United States, the Constitution grants certain powers to the federal government while reserving other powers to the states. When state and federal laws conflict, the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution establishes that federal law takes precedence over state law in matters where the federal government has authority. Federal preemption occurs when a federal law directly conflicts with a state law, creating a situation where it is impossible to adhere to both simultaneously. In such cases, the federal law supersedes and invalidates the conflicting state law, and individuals or entities are legally obligated to comply with the federal requirements. This principle ensures uniformity and consistency in areas where federal authority prevails and avoids potential conflicts and confusion that may arise from conflicting state regulations. Federal preemption is an important aspect of the legal system that helps maintain a cohesive framework of laws and regulations at the national level.

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As the sale occurred in State B, it is considered a sale attributable to that state for tax purposes. The sale would not be included in the sales factor numerator for any other state unless additional facts indicate otherwise.

The sale from General Corporation's A headquarters to the State B office of the FBI will be included in the sales factor numerator for State B. This is because the sale occurred within State B's jurisdiction and is therefore considered a sale attributable to that state for tax purposes. Other states where General Corporation is taxable would not include this sale in their sales factor numerator unless there are additional facts or specific provisions that dictate otherwise. Each state has its own rules and criteria for determining the inclusion of sales in the numerator of the sales factor.

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One criticism of George’s proposal is that it would not generate enough revenue or funding.

Georgists contend that the community, not individual proprietors, should benefit from the economic rent of land, legal privileges, and natural monopolies. Everything in nature that survives despite human activity is referred to as "land" in economics. Climate, soil, waterways, mineral deposits, laws/forces of nature, public ways, woods, seas, air, and solar energy were all specifically mentioned by George as belonging to the concept of land.

The aim of modern Georgists is to capture and share (or reduce) rent from all sources of natural monopoly and legal privilege, even though the philosophy of Georgism says nothing conclusive about the precise policy interventions required to address issues caused by different sources of economic rent.

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