Once this function is complete, osteoblasts develop into osteocytes.
Osteoclasts reabsorb bone. Chondroblasts are seen in adult bones. Lacunae are spaces where the bone cells (osteocytes), which are located between the rings of matrix, can be detected. Little channels (canaliculi) protrude from the lacunae to the osteonic (haversian) canal to provide passageways in the thick matrix.
Osteocytes have traditionally been thought of as passive bystander cells in contrast to osteoblasts and osteoclasts, whose actions result in bone gain and loss and whose dysfunction results in growth abnormalities and osteoporosis. Osteocytes make up 90% to 95% of all bone cells and reside inside the bone matrix.
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in what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?
Prokaryotes, which are single-celled microorganisms without nuclei, include bacteria and archaea, as well as us and all other animals, plants, fungi, and single-celled protists.
These organisms all have nuclei, which are structures that house their DNA and set them apart from the rest of the cell.
All living things can be categorised into three broad domains based on DNA sequence comparisons, structural, and biochemical comparisons, and other factors. Eukarya, also known as Eukaryotes, Archaea, and Bacteria Unicellular creatures include both Archaea and Bacteria. This distinguishes them from eukaryotes, which are organisms with both one cell and several cells.
Cells of bacteria and archaea do not have organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures. As a result, unlike eukaryotes, archaea and bacteria do not have a nucleus that divides their genetic material from the rest of the cell.
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g which blood component primarily contributes to plasma osmotic pressure? which blood component primarily contributes to plasma osmotic pressure? blood borne nutrients albumin gamma globulin electrolytes
Because it keeps water inside blood vessels and pulls water from tissues through blood vessel walls and into the bloodstream, albumin is also the major contributor to blood's osmotic pressure.
What aspect of blood influences plasma osmotic pressure?Since albumin proteins transport water from nearby tissues from across blood vessel and into the bloodstream, they help maintain the water content of the plasma and hence help to maintain the plasma osmotic pressure.
Does plasma retain osmotic pressure?Colloid osmotic pressure (COP), also known as the osmotic pressure imposed by large molecules, keeps water inside the circulatory space. Usually, it is created by plasma proteins like albumin, which take a while to pass capillary membranes.
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pica occurs when there is a deficiency of __________ in the body.
minerals. Pica, or eating clay chalk or burnt match points, happens when the body lacks certain minerals, such iron.
The majority of fluid loss happens through the stools, sweat, and urine, but it's not only those things. The quantity of body fluid lost daily through the skin, respiratory system, and water in the faeces that cannot be readily measured is known as insensible fluid loss. Elevated plasma osmolality and a reduction in effective circulation volume are the two main factors that stimulate ADH release. Osmoreceptors are a particular class of cells found in the hypothalamus that shrink when plasma osmolality rises.
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what is contained within the epidural space in the vertebral column?
The occipital, sigmoid, and basilar sinuses in the skull's superior region are connected to the massive internal vertebral venous plexus, which includes the epidural veins.
The epidural space houses blood arteries, connective tissue, spinal nerves, fat, and the dural sac. Lymphatics, veins, and fat can all be found in the epidural area.
The region containing fat and tiny blood vessels known as the epidural space is located between the dura mater (a membrane) and the spinal wall. The area is just next to the dural sac, which encloses the nerve roots and is stuffed with cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphatic and connective tissue, fat, veins, and arteries make up the epidural space.
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Which part of the eye is responsible with accommodation? (a) Retina. (b) Ciliary. (c) Body. (d) Sclera. (e) Conjunctiva.
Answer:
ciliary muscles
Explanation:
l hope you understand the answer
what ligament maintains the stomach in the normal anatomical position
The main ligament that maintains the stomach in the normal anatomical position is the gastrohepatic ligament.
This ligament, which also houses the common bile duct, connects the liver to the stomach's smaller curvature.
The lesser omentum, a double-layered membrane made of peritoneal tissue that encases the abdominal organs, has the gastrohepatic ligament in the upper section.
The gastrohepatic ligament aids in keeping the stomach in place and keeps it from shifting.
Moreover, it aids in supporting the stomach and prevents it from stretching or twisting. The ligament also assists in preventing any harm or trauma to the upper abdomen's organs. This is so that the stomach and other organs are separated by the gastrohepatic ligament.
The ligament also plays a crucial role in controlling the flow of digestive fluids, which aid in the breakdown of food. The gastrohepatic ligament is essential for the stomach's correct operation.
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if the glucose inside the song needed to travel to another part of the body, describe how it would leave this, so identify the cellular process this would be
There are three stages of cell drag: glycolysis, the citrus quote cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The real job of glucose in every one of these pars is to give energy to its stakes. In glycolysis, glucose enters the cell.
The stomach and small digestive organs assimilate the glucose and afterward discharge it into the circulation system. Once in the circulatory system, glucose can be utilized promptly for energy or put away in our bodies, to be utilized later. Be that as it may, our bodies need insulin to utilize or store glucose for energy.
Glycolysis is the parting or lysis of glucose. Glycolysis changes over the 6-carbon glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate particles. This cycle happens in the cytoplasm of the cell, and it happens in the presence or nonattendance of oxygen. During glycolysis, a limited quantity of NADH is made as are four ATP.
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what does the assistant monitor for the patient throughout a stress test? a) Vital signs b) Oxygen saturation c) Physical appearance d) All of the above
All of the above. During every cardiac stress test, your heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and electrical activity are measured.
Healthcare professionals gauge how you're handling the extra burden by:
arterial pressurea heartbeat.oxygen content.While at rest, the typical healthy adult's normal vital sign ranges are:
90/60 mm Hg to 120/80 mm Hg for blood pressure12 to 18 breaths per minute are taken in.60 to 100 beats per minute for the pulse97.8°F to 99.1°F (36.5°C to 37.3°C); average temperature is 98.6°F (37°C).During a stress test, Trusted Source often exercises on a treadmill or stationary bike while breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rhythm are tracked by medical equipment. Some people may not be able to participate in an exercise stress test, such as those with arthritis.
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Are polar molecules hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
All polar molecules are hydrophilic. Polar molecules are those which have a charge, but they differ from ions (which also carry a charge) in that polar molecules are dipoles. They have a negative charge on one end, and a positive charge on the other.
Because of the unequal distribution of electrons among their atoms, polar molecules like the water molecule (H2O) are possible. When compared to those tiny Hydrogen atoms, oxygen is far more electronegative and larger, hence oxygen's electron density is skewed more in its favor.
According to the general principle that "like dissolves like," a polar molecule would dissolve in a "polar solvent." The solute-solvent interaction and behaviour are explained by hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. For instance, the term "hydrophobic" refers to molecules that are "water-phobic or water-hating" because they, like oil, do not dissolve in water. Things that are hydrophilic love water.
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What is an energy pyramid simple definition?
An energy pyramid, also known as a trophic or ecological pyramid, is a graphical representation of the energy contained within an ecosystem's trophic layers. The producers are at the lowest and largest level of the pyramid, and they contain the most energy.
An ecological pyramid (also known as a trophic pyramid, Eltonian pyramid, energy pyramid, or food pyramid) is a graphical representation of the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem.
A biomass pyramid displays how much biomass (the quantity of living or organic matter contained in an organism) is present in the organisms, whereas an energy pyramid shows how much energy is kept in the form of new biomass at each trophic level. A number pyramid represents the number of individual organisms at each trophic level. Energy pyramids are typically upright, however other pyramids might be inverted or shaped differently.
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When two species that were once closely related become very different over time?
Divergent evolution is the type of evolution in which two species that were closely related at one point of time become very different with time.
Evolution is an inevitable process which is occurring through a number of processes all around us and takes millions of years to happen. It results in significant changes in species and their population.
Divergent evolution is basically a type of evolution which occurs when two organisms which have a common ancestor basically end up as different types of species. For example, bats as well as mice share a common ancestor which is very recent, but divergent evolution has resulted into them turning into two completely different species.
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Which hormones are soluble in blood?
A. Steroid hormones
B. Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
C. The sex hormones
D. Those released by the pituitary gland
what is sinus rhythm
The heart's sinus node controls the sinus rhythm, which is the pattern of your heartbeat. Electrical pulses are produced by the sinus node.
The beat of a sound heart is known as normal sinus rhythm. It indicates that the electrical pulse from your sinus node is appropriately reaching your heart muscle. Adults typically have heart rates between 60 and 100 bpm with good sinus rhythm. Does sinus arrhythmia pose a threat? No. In actuality, respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a symptom of a healthy heart. The term "normal sinus rhythm" (NSR) refers to the sinus node-derived rhythm that characterizes a healthy human heart. Yet, depending on the autonomic inputs to the sinus node, the rate in NSR can change. Overview. Heart rhythm disorders include sick sinus syndrome. It has an impact on the sinus node, the natural pacemaker of the heart that regulates heartbeat. Heartbeats that are slow, paused for extended periods of time between beats, or erratic are symptoms of sick sinus syndrome (arrhythmias).
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What is crossing over? See Concept 13.3 ( page 262)
Hints
1. the movement of genetic material from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome
2. a direct consequence of the separation of sister chromatids
3. also referred to as the "independent assortment of chromosomes"
4. the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids
5. making an RNA copy of a DNA strand
Option 1 is Correct. Genetic material crosses over when it moves from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome.
When chromosomes of the same type are paired together during meiosis, a biological event called crossing over takes place. Parts of the chromosome can be exchanged when two chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father, line up. The same genes may be present on the two chromosomes in different versions.
The exchange of genetic material across homologous chromosomes is known as crossing-over. New gene combinations are created on each chromosome as a result. Homologous chromosomes are randomly allocated to daughter cells during cell division during meiosis, whereas distinct chromosomes segregate apart from one another.
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what happens if there are errors in the process of protein synthesis?
If there are errors in the process of protein synthesis, the proteins produced may not be functional and may not be able to perform their intended role in the cell.
This can lead to a variety of problems, such as metabolic dysfunction, cellular stress, or even cell death. In some cases, the errors may even be passed on to future generations of cells, leading to long-term problems.Protein synthesis is the process by which cells make proteins. Transcription and translation take place simultaneously. During transcription, the information stored in DNA is copied into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). During translation, the information in the mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into proteins. Protein synthesis is essential for cells to grow and divide, and for the body to produce the proteins it needs.
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what is gasdermin pore formation ap bio
Water enters the cell as a result of gasdermin pore development, which can result in the infected cell bursting.
This would stop the infection from spreading because the phagocytes would be breaking down the components of the cell as well as other infections. Human cells with large membrane pores created by gasdermin proteins produce immune cytokines and cause lytic cell death. Gasdermin pore production, which is essential for defence against pathogens and cancer, is brought on by caspase-mediated cleavage during inflammasome signalling. The release of several proinflammatory cytokines as well as water input and cell enlargement are caused by the gasdermin pores' disruption of the equilibrium of the cell membrane.
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the main reason a person weighs less at the equator than at the poles involves the
The force of gravity is less at the equator than at the poles because the equator is farther from the earth's center than the poles are. As a result, an object's weight is lower at the equator than at the poles.
What is the primary cause of a person's lower weight at the equator compared to the poles?The spinning's "centrifugal force" causes your body weight to fall by 0.4% at the equator in comparison to its weight at the poles. At the equator, you are approximately 21 kilometers away from the Earth's center of gravity and weigh approximately 0.1% less because of the planet's bulging as a result of the planet's spin.
What does the difference in your weight between the equator and poles tell us about Earth's shape?Because it is an oblate spheroid, the distance between the equator and core is shorter than between the poles and the equator.
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using an input of energy from food molecules, the reactions of cellular respiration produce ______.
Using an input of energy from food molecules, the reactions of cellular respiration produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
What is ATP?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It consists of a nucleotide (adenosine) and three phosphate groups, which are connected by high-energy bonds. When one of these bonds is broken, energy is released and can be used by the cell for various processes, including muscle contractions, protein synthesis, and active transport across cell membranes.To know more about ATP, click the link given below:
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How does evolution occur?
What are the main parts of a tree?
The trees basically have three main parts namely the crowns or the canopies, trunks, as well as the roots.
Trees are basically defined as the tall and big land plants which are present on the Earth and have the ability to survive for many years. They basically consist of three main parts which are the canopies or the crowns, the trunk and the roots.
Roots are basically the underground part and perform some very crucial functions like absorbing the nutrients as well as water and anchoring the tree. The crown is the topmost part and basically consists of the flowers, fruits, branches and the leaves. The trunk of the tree connects the roots to the canopy.
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how could a harmless bacteria suddenly become capable of producing a dangerous toxin
Answer:
Explanation:
There are several ways in which a harmless bacteria can suddenly become capable of producing a dangerous toxin. Here are some possible mechanisms:
Mutation: Bacteria can mutate, which means that changes occur in their genetic material. These changes can sometimes result in the bacteria acquiring the ability to produce a toxin. For example, a mutation in a gene that regulates toxin production could result in the gene being activated, leading to the production of the toxin.
Acquisition of genes through horizontal gene transfer: Bacteria can acquire genes from other bacteria through a process called horizontal gene transfer. This can occur through mechanisms such as conjugation, transduction, or transformation. If a harmless bacterium acquires genes from another bacterium that codes for a toxin, it can suddenly become capable of producing that toxin.
Changes in environmental conditions: Environmental conditions can sometimes trigger changes in the behavior of bacteria, including the production of toxins. For example, exposure to certain chemicals or changes in temperature or pH levels could trigger the activation of genes that code for toxin production.
Presence of bacteriophages: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Some bacteriophages carry genes that code for toxins. If a harmless bacterium is infected by a bacteriophage that carries a toxin gene, the bacterium can suddenly become capable of producing that toxin.
It is important to note that not all harmless bacteria have the potential to become dangerous. However, in some cases, the acquisition of a toxin-producing capability can occur relatively quickly and without warning, which is why it is important to monitor and control the growth and spread of bacteria in various environments, including clinical settings, food production facilities, and natural habitats.
A harmless bacterium suddenly becomes capable of producing a dangerous toxin by a process called transformation, conjugation and transduction.
What is Transformation?Transformation is defined as the process by which an organism receives exogenous DNA which can happen in two ways:
Natural change Artificial change.Natural transformation has been explained as the uptake and incorporation of uncovered DNA from the natural environment of the cell while artificial transformation has been described as the extensive methods for the uptake of exogenous DNA.
Some methods like transformation, conjugation and transduction suddenly make the harmless bacteria into producing a dangerous toxin.
Thus, a harmless bacterium suddenly becomes capable of producing a dangerous toxin by a process called transformation, conjugation and transduction.
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True or false?cells can regulate their internal osmotic pressure by controlling the solute concentration inside of the cell.
Answer:
True.........................
what specific membrane structures serve to build gradients?
A proton pump is a membrane protein that transports protons (H+) across a membrane and thus contributes to the formation of a build gradient.
Active transport is the process by which sodium concentration gradients can be created across the plasma membrane. Protein pumps move molecules from low to high concentrations against concentration gradients during active transport. Ion pump enzymes transport ionic solutes such as sodium, potassium, hydrogen ions, and calcium across biological membranes, generating and maintaining concentration gradients. Because a gradient requires energy to produce, it is a type of stored energy.
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Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.True False
The given statement that the lymph capillaries, digested lipids are taken up from the intestine is true.
After digestion, fats are broken down into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. These molecules are absorbed into the intestinal cells, where they are reassembled into triglycerides. The triglycerides are then packaged into structures called chylomicrons and transported into the lymphatic system through specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals. These chylomicrons eventually enter the bloodstream via the thoracic duct, where they can be used for energy or stored in adipose tissue. Therefore, it is true that digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.
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Place the following actions with the correct phase of pulmonary ventilation.
Diaphragm moves inferiorly
Ribs move up and out
External intercostals contract
Thorax increases in volume
Diaphragm moves superiorly
Ribs move down and in
Internal intercostals contract
Decreases in width of thorax
Diaphragm moves inferiorly. Ribs move up and out. External intercostals contracts. The act of breathing, or pulmonary ventilation, is the flow of air into and out of the lungs.
The external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm are the two primary muscle groups involved in proper inspiration. If a deeper breath is necessary, more muscles can be engaged. When the diaphragm contracts, it travels inferiorly towards the abdominal cavity, expanding the thoracic cavity and providing more room for the lungs. The rib cage expands as a result of the external intercostal muscles contracting, increasing the capacity of the thoracic cavity. The pleural fluid's adhesive power causes the lungs to extend and expand in response to the thoracic cavity's expansion.
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which of the 4 types of viruses is most likely to use double stranded rna as its genetic material
Type B or virus B (Reoviridiae family viruses) is the type of virus that most likely uses dsRNA as its genetic material.
Reoviridiae is a type of family of viruses that has icosahedral symmetry and is about 60-80 nm in size. This kind of virus has a double capsid shell to protect its genetic material. The genetic material of this virus is segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). They are nonenveloped viruses that are extremely stable under heat and pH of between 3-9. The term "reo" is expanded as a respiratory enteric orphan virus.
These viruses are considered virus B. One of the notable viruses belonging to this family is Rotavirus which contains about 11 segments of dsRNA as its genetic material.
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How many genetically distinct "generations" are found in a mature angiosperm seed?A) 3B) 4C) 2D) 5
The correct option is (B) 4. In a mature angiosperm seed, there are two genetically distinct "generations" - the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generation.
The sporophyte generation produces the spores that give rise to the gametophyte generation through meiosis. The gametophyte generation then produces the gametes (sperm and egg cells) through mitosis. When fertilization occurs, the sperm and egg cells combine to form a zygote, which develops into the sporophyte generation.
The sporophyte generation is the dominant phase of the life cycle, and we commonly recognize it as the mature plant. It produces flowers, which contain reproductive structures. Within the flowers, the sporophyte generation produces haploid spores through meiosis, which are then released and can develop into the gametophyte generation.
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which lobe of your brain are you using when you answer this question?
Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe is used when I am answering this question.
Primary motor cortex is located within the precentral gyrus. They are generally responsible for the control of voluntary movement that are motor in nature. As the precentral gyrus is the location of the primary motor cortex, several motor pathways originate within it. The dysfunction of the precentral gyrus plays a role in the when the voluntary movements are impaired and they are associated with schizophrenia and it has significantly reduced functional activity in patients with schizophrenia. The functional organization of the precentral gyrus is such that clusters of Betz cells are morphologically represented by an inverted homunculus.
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What factor determines the trait that a given gene will express?
Answer:
Gene expression is determined by the interaction between the gene and its environment.
Answer:
The trait that a given gene will express is determined by a combination of factors, including the specific sequence of the gene, the environment in which the gene is expressed, and the interaction of the gene with other genes and proteins.
The specific sequence of the gene, or the DNA code that makes up the gene, provides the instructions for making a specific protein or RNA molecule. This sequence determines the structure and function of the protein or RNA that the gene codes for, which in turn determines the trait that the gene expresses.
However, the environment in which the gene is expressed can also play a significant role in determining which traits are expressed. For example, environmental factors such as temperature, light, and nutrient availability can influence the expression of genes in plants and animals.
Subunits called ______ are the building blocks of nucleic acids, as determined by scientists by about 1930.
By the year 1930, scientists had discovered that nucleic acids are composed of components called nucleotides.
What do nucleotides mean?a molecule made composed of a nitrogen-containing base, such as adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine in Cd; adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine in RNA; a phosphate group; and a sugar, such as deoxyribose in Genetic code; ribose in RNA.
What are nucleotides, and what do they do?The basic units of RNA and DNA are nucleotides. They have genetic material. Coenzymes, such as nucleotides, are necessary for enzymes to catalyze various biological processes. In our bodies, energy is kept in the form of ATP.
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