Pitman Company is small but growing manufacturer of telecommunications equipment. The company has no sales force of its own; rather, it relies completely on independent sales agents to market its products. These agents are paid a commission of 15% selling price for all items sold.
Barbara Cheney, Pitman’ controller, has just prepared the company’s budgeted income statement for next year. The statement follows:
Pitman Company
Budgeted Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31
Sales……………………………………………………………………………………
$16,000,000
Manufacturing costs:
Variable………………………………………………………………………
7,200,000
Fixed overhead…………………………………………………………..
2,340,000
9,540,000
Gross margin………………………………………………………………………
6,460,000
Selling and administrative costs:
Commissions to agents……………………………………………….
2,400,000
Fixed marketing costs…………………………………………………
120,000
Fixed administrative costs…………………………………………..
1,800,000
4,320,000
Net operating income………………………………………………………..
2,140,000
Fixed interest cost……………………………………………………………..
540,000
Income before income taxes……………………………………………..
1,600,000
Income taxes (30%)……………………………………………………………
480,000
Net income………………………………………………………………………..
1,120,000
*primarily depreciation on storage facilities.
As Barbara handed the statement to Karl Vecci, Pitman’s president, she commented, "I want ahead and used the agents’ 15% commission rate in completing these statements, but we’ve just learned that they refuse to handle our products next year unless we increase the commission rate to 20%".
"that the last straw", Karl replied angrily. "Those agents have been demanding more and more, and this time they’ve gone too far. How can they possibly defend a 20% commission rate?"
"they claim that after paying for advertising, travel, and the other costs of promotion, there’s nothing left over for profit," replied Barbara.
"I say it’s just plain robbery", reported Karl. "And I also it’s time we dumped those guys and got our own sales force. Can you get your people to work up some cost figures for us to look at?"
"We’ve already worked them up," said Barbara. "Several companies we know about pay a 7.5% commission to their own salespeople, along with a small salary. Of course, we could have to handle would be more than offset by the $3,200,000 (20% x $1,600,000) that we would avoid on agents commission."
The breakdown of the $2,400,000 cost follows:
Salaries:
Sales managers…………………………………..
$ 100,000
Sales persons……………………………………..
600,000
Travel and entertainment………………………..
400,000
Advertising……………………………………………….
1,300,000
Total………………………………………………………….
2,400,000
"Super", replied Karl. "And I noticed that the $2,400,000 is just what we’re paying the agents under the old 15% commission rate."
"It’s even better than that," explained Barbara. "We can actually save $75,000 a year because that’s what we have to pay the auditing firm now to check out the agents reports. So our overall administrative costs would be less."
"Put all of these numbers together and we’ll show them to the executive committee tomorrow," said Karl. "With the approval of the committee, we can move on the matter immediately."
Required:
1. Compute Pitman Company’s break-even point in sales dollars for the next year assuming:
a. The agents’ commission rate remains unchanged at 15%
b. The agents’ commission rate is increased to 20%
c. The company employs its own sales force.
2. Assume that Pitman Company decides to continue selling through agents and pays the 20% commission rate. Determine the volume of sales that would be required to generate the same net income as contained in the budgeted income statement for next year.
3. Determine the volume of sales at which net income would be equal regardless of whether Pitman Company sells through agents (at a 20% commission rate) or employs its own sales force.
4. Compute the degree of operating leverage that the company would expected to have on December 31 at the end of next year assuming:
a. The agents commission rate remains unchanged at 15%
b. The agents’ commission rate is increased to 20%.
c. The company employs its own sales force.
Use income before income taxes in your operating leverage computation.
5. Based on the data in (1) through (4) above, make a recommendation as to whether the company should continue to use sales agents (at a 20% commission rate) or employ its own sales force. Give the reasons for your answer.

Answers

Answer 1

1. a. Break-even point (Sales) = Fixed Costs / (1 - Contribution Margin Ratio)

= ($9,540,000 + $2,400,000) / (1 - 0.15)

= $16,800,000

b. Break-even point (Sales) = Fixed Costs / (1 - Contribution Margin Ratio)

= ($9,540,000 + $2,400,000) / (1 - 0.20)

= $18,000,000

c. Break-even point (Sales) = Fixed Costs / (1 - Contribution Margin Ratio)

= ($9,540,000 + $2,400,000 - $75,000) / (1 - 0.075)

= $17,000,000

2. Sales = (Fixed Costs + Desired Net Operating Income) / Contribution Margin Ratio

= ($9,540,000 + $2,140,000) / 0.20

= $17,675,000

3. Break-even Point (Sales) = Fixed Costs / (1 - Contribution Margin Ratio)

= ($9,540,000 + $2,400,000 - $75,000) / (1 - 0.075)

= ($9,540,000 + $2,400,000) / (1 - 0.20)

= $17,675,000

4. a. Operating Leverage = % Change in Net Operating Income / % Change in Sales

= (1,600,000 - 2,140,000) / (16,000,000 - 18,000,000)

= -1.5

b. Operating Leverage = % Change in Net Operating Income / % Change in Sales

= (1,600,000 - 2,140,000) / (16,000,000 - 18,000,000)

= -1.5

c. Operating Leverage = % Change in Net Operating Income / % Change in Sales

= (1,600,000 - 2,140,000) / (16,000,000 - 17,000,000)

= -1.25

5. The company should continue to use sales agents at a 20% commission rate. This is because the cost of employing its own sales force and the cost of paying the agents a higher commission rate are the same.

What is Break-even point ?

Break-even point (BEP) is a financial measure that is used to determine when a company's total revenue is equal to its total expenses. This is the point at which a company makes no profit or loss, and is considered a critical point for businesses to monitor, as it helps them gauge their performance and make better decisions about their operations. It is calculated by dividing the company's total fixed costs by the difference between its average revenue per unit and its average variable cost per unit. Once a business reaches its break-even point, it can begin to generate profits, and any increase in revenue will result in higher profits.

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Related Questions

if the cross-price elasticity of demand for two goods is 1.25, then a) the two goods are luxuries. b) the two goods are substitutes. c) one of the goods is normal and the other good is inferior. d) the demand for one of the goods conforms to the law of demand, but the demand for the other good violates the law of demand.

Answers

If the cross-price elasticity of demand for two goods is 1.25, then  the two goods are substitutes. For instance, the price elasticity of demand would be 1.5. The answer is OPTION B.

if the quantity demanded for a product increased 15% in response to a 10% price decrease. Cross price elasticity is used to determine whether products are complements or substitutes. If it is positive, the products are substitutes, and if it is negative, the products are complements.

Demand cross-price elasticity is defined as the difference between percentage changes in demand and price changes for related goods. For instance, if a product's price decreases by 20%, the demand for products that are related to it will fall by 5%. So, 5 x 20 = 0.25 is the cross price elasticity of demand.The answer is OPTION B.

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A company is involved in foreign direct investment when it ______.

Answers

A company is involved in foreign direct investment when it plans to enter in new market  or they may invest in an Indian company that is publicly traded by purchasing at least 10% of the post-issue paid-up equity capital on a fully diluted basis.

Mergers, acquisitions, or joint ventures in the retail, service, logistics, or manufacturing sectors may be part of foreign direct investments. They point to a global business expansion company strategy. As investors establish new businesses abroad, FDI expands employment opportunities. Locals may earn more money and have more purchasing power as a result.

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Which of these is a method of determining the level of funds required for ongoing support in the event of the breadwinner's death?
A. Financial loss value
B. Human life value
C. Assessment value
D. Replacement value

Answers

The method of determining the level of funds required for ongoing support in the event of the breadwinner's death is known as "Human life value".

Human life value is a financial concept that calculates the amount of money a person would need to provide for their family's ongoing living expenses if they were to die. This calculation takes into account the person's current and future earnings potential, as well as other factors such as inflation, life expectancy, and investment returns. The human life value approach is often used in life insurance planning to help determine the appropriate amount of coverage needed to protect a family's financial well-being in the event of the breadwinner's death.

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According to WeAreSocial, what online activity has increased by47% because of the pandemic? A. Spending more time on mobile apps B. Spending longer using social media C. Creating and uploading videosD. Listening to more podcasts

Answers

The answer is  A. Spending more time on mobile apps.

What impact did social media have during pandemic?

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how the transmission of false information, accelerated by social media and other digital platforms, is posing an even greater threat to public health throughout the world than the virus itself. Social media and technological breakthroughs offer potential to keep people connected, informed, and protected. The same tools, however, also facilitate and magnify the present infodemic, which continues to imperil efforts to manage the pandemic and undermine the international response.

Young people are a crucial group in the context of this pandemic and participate in the societal obligation to assist us stop transmission even if they are less likely to experience severe illness from COVID-19. Also, they engage with five different digital platforms on average each day, making them the most engaged online.

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Questionnaire 9 Ecom help

Answers

Credit cards are protected from loss or theft is an advantage of using credit card.

What benefits come with using a credit card?

Accounts for credit cards are always simple to grasp. Credit cards are safeguarded against theft or loss. Low interest rates apply to credit cards. You can utilise your credit card account as a savings account.

Credit cards can be useful tools for developing credit, travelling, handling crises or unforeseen bills, and earning rewards when used carefully. A rewards credit card gives the cardholder benefits for making purchases, as the name suggests.

Are credit cards secure against theft or loss?

If your credit card purchase was unintentionally destroyed or stolen within a specific time frame, your issuer will cover the cost. Your claim won't be completed until your credit card company receives the necessary paperwork from you.

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people who decide how to combine resources to create new goods and services are called ______.

Answers

People who decide how to combine resources to create new goods and services are called entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurs are individuals who have an innovative idea or vision and are willing to take risks to turn that idea into a successful business venture. They are responsible for the overall planning and execution of their businesses, including identifying and securing funding, developing products or services, establishing customer relationships, and managing their organizations.

Entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth and development, as new businesses create jobs, stimulate innovation, and contribute to the overall well-being of society.

Successful entrepreneurs possess a unique set of skills, including creativity, resourcefulness, resilience, and a willingness to take calculated risks. They must also be able to adapt to changing market conditions and navigate the complexities of regulatory environments.

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If we knew the old and new values of the quantities of the optimal bundles, which elasticities could we calculate? Choose all that are correct: A.Income elasticity of demand for pens B.Cross price elasticity of demand for pens (in response to a price change of books) C.Price elasticity of demand for books D.Income elasticity of demand for books E.Price elasticity of demand for pens F.Cross price elasticity of demand for books (in response to a price change of pens)

Answers

If we knew the old and new values of the quantities of the optimal bundles, we could calculate the following elasticities: A. Income elasticity of demand for pens

D. Income elasticity of demand for books

E. Price elasticity of demand for pens

To calculate the income elasticity of demand for pens and books, we need to know the change in quantity demanded of each good in response to a change in income, which we can derive from the old and new optimal bundles. The income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in income.

To calculate the price elasticity of demand for pens, we need to know the change in quantity demanded of pens in response to a change in their price, which we can derive from the old and new optimal bundles. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price.

We cannot calculate the cross-price elasticity of demand for pens or books using only information about changes in the optimal bundles, as this requires information about changes in the prices of other goods. Therefore, options B and F are not correct. Similarly, we cannot calculate the price elasticity of demand for books, as this requires information about changes in the price of books, which we do not have. Therefore, option C is not correct.

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which best describes a tradeoff in government?

Answers

Option a is correct. Political compromise best represents government compromise.

A compromise (or trade-off) is a circumstantial decision in which one quality, quantity, or attribute of his set or design is reduced or lost in exchange for gain in other aspects.

Tradeoffs arise from many origin limitations, including simple physics. For example, only a certain amount of objects can fit in a certain space, so when a container fills up, some items will have to Political be removed to accommodate more, and the will have a few You can carry large items or several items.

Tradeoffs are also generally associated with different configurations of single elements, such as: B. Tune your guitar strings to play different notes and allocate time and attention to different tasks. The concept of compromise suggests tactical or strategic decisions made with a thorough understanding of the pros and cons of each setup.

An economic example is choosing to invest in stocks, which have high risk but high return potential, and generally choose to invest in bonds, which have high safety but low return potential. 

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The complete question is:

Which best describes a tradeoff in government?

a) Policy that strikes a compromise

b) Priorities necessary to budgeting

c) Decoy policy designed to distract

d) An unintended political outcome

nfpa 1127, who is permitted to produce for sale a solid propellant high power rocket motor?

Answers

NFPA 1127 is the Standard for High Power Rocketry, which outlines the safety requirements for the manufacture, storage, transportation, and launch of high-power rockets.

According to this standard, only individuals or companies who have been certified by the National Association of Rocketry (NAR) or the Tripoli Rocketry Association (TRA) are permitted to produce for sale a solid propellant high-power rocket motor.

To become certified, an individual or company must demonstrate a thorough understanding of high-power rocketry, as well as the ability to manufacture solid propellant rocket motors that meet the safety requirements outlined in NFPA 1127. Certification is typically obtained through training and testing provided by the NAR or TRA and may involve on-site inspections of the manufacturing facility.

Once certified, individuals or companies may produce and sell solid propellant high-power rocket motors to other certified individuals or companies for use in high-power rockets. It is important to note that the manufacture, storage, transportation, and launch of high-power rockets must always be conducted in accordance with the safety requirements outlined in NFPA 1127 to ensure the safety of both people and property.

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what is nike data analytics

Answers

Nike data analytics are those by which Nike is able to make more informed decisions and improve its performance across a variety of areas.

Nike, the multinational corporation that designs, develops, and sells athletic footwear, apparel, and equipment, uses data analytics to gain insights into its customers, products, and operations. The company uses a variety of data sources, including sales data, customer data, and market data, to inform its decision-making and improve its performance.

Some of the ways that Nike uses data analytics include,

Customer Analytics, Nike collects and analyzes data on customer preferences, behavior, and purchase history. This data is used to inform product development, marketing campaigns, and customer engagement strategies.

Supply Chain Analytics, Nike uses data analytics to optimize its supply chain and improve efficiency. This includes tracking inventory levels, production output, and logistics performance to ensure timely delivery of products to customers.

Sales Analytics, Nike uses sales data to identify trends, track performance, and forecast demand. This helps the company to make informed decisions about product pricing, inventory management, and sales strategies.

Product Analytics, Nike analyzes data on product design, materials, and performance to improve product quality and customer satisfaction. This includes using data from wear tests and customer feedback to inform product development.

This enables the company to remain competitive in a rapidly changing market and better serve the needs of its customers.

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suppose the government doesn't want to discourage employers from hiring laboratory aides and, therefore, wants to minimize the share of the tax paid by the employers. of the three tax proposals, which is best for accomplishing this goal?

Answers

It is important to note that there may be other factors that also influence employers' decisions to hire workers, such as labor market conditions, demand for the services provided by laboratory aides, and the qualifications and skills of job candidates. However, reducing the payroll tax burden on employers can be a helpful policy tool to encourage hiring and support the growth of the labor market.

What is government tax?

Generally, a tax proposal that reduces the burden of payroll taxes on employers would be the most effective in encouraging employers to hire laboratory aides.

Employers are more likely to hire workers if the cost of doing so is lower. Payroll taxes, such as Social Security and Medicare taxes, can add a significant cost to hiring employees.

Therefore, reducing the share of the payroll tax paid by employers would make it less expensive for them to hire laboratory aides and other workers.

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decision makers need to consider what they can and will do before they consider what they should do.True/False

Answers

Answer:

правда Приймаючи рішення, особам, які приймають рішення, важливо враховувати те, що вони можуть і будуть робити, перш ніж думати про те, що вони повинні робити. Це передбачає врахування різних факторів, таких як наявні ресурси, можливості, обмеження та потенційні ризики, щоб визначити найбільш можливий і реалістичний курс дій. Зваживши на те, що вони можуть і будуть робити, особи, які приймають рішення, можуть уникнути встановлення нереалістичних цілей або прийняття рішень, які неможливо реалізувати або не прийняти в довгостроковій перспективі.

Explanation:

from 1925 to 1940, the transition of american policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence a. embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry. b. cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo. c. lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo. d. embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease. e. lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry.

Answers

The correct sequence of the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations from 1925 to 1940 is:

d. embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease.

What is Arms Sales?

Arms sales refer to the trade or exchange of military weapons, equipment, and technologies between countries or entities.

In 1935, the U.S. Congress passed the Neutrality Act, which established an embargo on arms sales to warring nations. In 1939, the U.S. changed its policy to allow the sale of arms to warring nations through the cash-and-carry policy, which required that countries paid for the goods in cash and transported them on their own ships.

Finally, in 1941, the Lend-Lease Act was passed, allowing the U.S. to lend or lease military equipment to any country that was vital to U.S. interests, without requiring immediate payment.

The answer is therefore: d. embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease.

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True or False: the corporate valuation model cannot be used unless a company pays dividends.

Answers

The statement "The corporate valuation model can be used to determine a company's value even if it does not pay dividends." is False because the corporate valuation model is based on the idea of a company paying out dividends to shareholders.

The model takes into account a variety of factors such as the company's operations, revenue, growth potential, and management. It will also consider the company's assets, liabilities, and cash flow. By taking into account all of these factors, the model can provide an estimate of what the company is worth.

The model can also be used to determine the fair market value of a company's shares. This can be helpful for investors looking to buy or sell a company's stock. By using the model, investors can get a better understanding of the company's financials and the valuation of its stock. Additionally, the model can help investors identify potential opportunities for investment and assess the risk associated with a particular stock.

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Whole Foods focuses on a small market segment, affluent consumers who want to buy high-end, organic groceries. What is the appropriate name for Whole Foods’s scope of competition?
A) focused
B) specific
C) general
D) broad

Answers

The appropriate name for Whole Foods' scope of competition is focused.

So the correct answer is A) Focused

A focused strategy, also known as a niche strategy, involves targeting a narrow and specific market segment with unique needs and preferences. In the case of Whole Foods, the company focuses on affluent consumers who are willing to pay a premium for high-end, organic groceries. By serving this niche market segment, Whole Foods can differentiate itself from competitors and create a competitive advantage.

In contrast, a general or broad strategy involves targeting a wide range of market segments with a broad range of products or services. A specific strategy may refer to a strategy that targets a specific sub-segment within a broader market, but it is not as narrow as a focused or niche strategy.

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why do you think economic freedom is essential for political freedom?

Answers

Political freedom depends on economic freedom. Without the opportunity for individual buyers and sellers in a market to participate in voluntary transactions that meet their wants, a society cannot have political freedom.

Why do you think that political and economic freedom are interdependent?

The Austrian School's Ludwig von Mises claimed that political and economic freedom are interdependent: "The belief that political freedom can be sustained in the absence of economic freedom, and vice versa, is a dream. Political freedom is akin to economic freedom.

Do political and economic freedom go hand in hand?

The degree of political and economic freedom is not always correlated. Comparatively to mixed economies, former command economies have found it easier to make the transition to deregulation.

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maria prepared a powerpoint presentation for potential customers in japan. they added colorful graphics in a yellow color scheme to impress their audience. they also included details that they knew specifically interested their clients. as planned, the presentation was not well received and they lost gained a valuable account. what should maria have done to improve her odds of winning this account? check all that apply. sent the presentation ahead of time to better prepare the audience. prepared separate presentation for each client. considered cultural preferences.

Answers

Option (c), Considering cultural preferences are what Maria does to increase her chances of winning this account.

What tendencies do the cultures have?

Cultural preference refers to a person's level of comfort with a particular culture. The person's cultural orientation and upbringing have an impact on this preference, which shows up in their "preferred" means of communication and conduct as well as how they approach and view events and engage with people.

Why is taking culture into account important?

By being conscious of and appreciating other people's cultural traditions, beliefs, and values, you can interact with people without prejudice or judgment. As a result, cross-cultural exchanges increase and interpersonal conflicts caused by cultural differences decrease.

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Fill The Blank! criteria or standards used in evaluating proposed solution to the problem are known as ______.

Answers

Criteria or standards used in evaluating proposed solutions to the problem are known as Measures of Success

A measure of success is a standard by which an individual or organisation decides whether or not they have achieved their goals. Since there is not any single true indicator of success, successful people employ a variety of metrics to assess both their personal and professional achievements.

Making a comparison between a person's present self and their past self is one of the most effective ways to evaluate overall performance. Comparing who a person was yesterday to who they are today may be considered an equally contemporary contrast. A daily check-in with self will help to determine the progress and the adjustments one is required to make in order to keep moving forward.

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________ is maximized in a competitive market when marginal benefit equals marginal cost. A. Deadweight loss B. Marginal profit C. Economic surplus D. Selling price

Answers

Economic surplus is maximized in a competitive market when marginal benefit equals marginal cost.

What is Economic surplus?

The gains from a financial transaction are referred to as the economic surplus. Gains may benefit either a consumer or a producer. As a result, it is an accumulation of both consumer surplus and producer surplus. In a business deal, producers frequently make a big profit. But the consumer ultimately pays more as a result of this. Contrarily, there are instances where customers score a great deal and wind up saving sizable cash. But once more, in such deals, the manufacturers report lower earnings. Yet, there is often a balance in real-world situations, with neither the manufacturer nor the customer having a significant advantage. Instead, both parties profit significantly from the deal.

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which two reasons are given as to why europeans decided to establish a single currency? multiple select question. businesses would achieve significant savings from having to handle just one currency. a single currency makes it easier to compare prices across europe. a single currency would decrease the buying power of consumers. the idea of an independent national control over currency would be eliminated.

Answers

A single currency makes it easier to compare prices across europe and businesses would achieve significant savings from having to handle just one currency .

Option A and B are correct.

What advantages does having a single currency offer?

The single currency encourages competition because it increases price transparency and makes it easier to compare prices, especially in the age of new technologies. Price reduction and increased innovation are two outcomes of increased competition, which in turn results in consumers receiving newer and superior goods and services.

Is there a common currency in all of Europe?

Even though all EU nations are members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), 20 of them have adopted the euro as their common currency. The euro area, also known as the eurozone, is made up of these EU nations.

Question incomplete:

which two reasons are given as to why europeans decided to establish a single currency? multiple select question.

A.  businesses would achieve significant savings from having to handle just one currency.

B.a single currency makes it easier to compare prices across europe.

C.  a single currency would decrease the buying power of consumers.

D.the idea of an independent national control over currency would be eliminated.

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which basic supply chain flow is usually the most important?

Answers

The most important flow in the supply chain is the flow of information. Without a clear and consistent flow of information between different parts of the supply chain, the chain cannot function smoothly.

Supply chain flow refers/relates to the movement of goods, materials, and information from suppliers to customers. Information flow is a key component of the supply chain as it provides the visibility and transparency needed to make informed decisions and maintain efficient operations.

Inaccurate or incomplete information can cause supply chain delays, disruption and additional costs. A clear and consistent flow of information enables companies to respond quickly to changing market demands and address issues that arise in their supply chains.

Effective communication and collaboration between all parties involved in the supply chain helps improve efficiency, reduce costs and improve customer satisfaction.

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Complete question:

What is the most important supply chain flow? Without it, supply chains cannot flow seamlessly. Which one is it?

Question 21 master help!

Answers

The way that return on investment is best defined is A. What an investment earns.

What is return on investment ?

Return on Investment (ROI) is a financial metric used to measure the profitability of an investment. The way that ROI is best defined as the amount of profit generated by an investment as a percentage of the investment's initial cost.

In other words, ROI is calculated by dividing the net profit (the difference between the investment's revenue and costs) by the initial cost of the investment, and expressing the result as a percentage.

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Answer: What an investment earns.

Explanation:

under absorption costing product costs consist of blank______ costs.

Answers

Under absorption costing, product costs consist of both variable and fixed manufacturing costs.

What is absorption costing?

Direct materials and direct labour are examples of costs that vary in proportion to the volume of production. Rent, salaries, and the depreciation of industrial equipment are examples of fixed costs, which are expenses that don't change depending on the volume of production.

Each unit of a product produced is given a fixed and variable production cost via absorption costing. This is done to make sure that the price of a product includes every expense related to its production. According to the theory underpinning absorption costing, fixed expenses should be allocated to each unit of generated product since they are incurred to support the production process. In order to make pricing decisions, manage costs, and analyse profitability, it is now possible for businesses to ascertain the total cost of manufacturing each unit of product.

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Why is perfect competition so rare in the real world - if it even exists at all?

Answers

The perfect competition is so rare in the real world because of barriers to entry , Product differentiation , Imperfect information and Network effects .

The Perfect Competition serves as a benchmark for economic analysis, it is rare in the real world because of several reasons :

(i) Barriers to entry : In many industries, there are significant barriers to entry, such as high fixed costs, regulatory requirements, or proprietary technology. These barriers can prevent new firms from entering the market .

(ii) Product differentiation : The differentiation can limit price competition and allow firms to earn higher profits, leading to a situation that is inconsistent with perfect competition .

(iii) Imperfect information : In reality, consumers and firms often do not have perfect information about market conditions, prices, and product quality.

(iv) Network effects : In some industries, such as social media or telecommunications, the value of a product or service depends on the size of its user base. This can create a situation where a few dominant firms control the market, making it difficult for new entrants to compete.

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what kinds of works are not protected by copyright?

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Lexical items, small sentences, slogans, and content lists are not covered by copyright laws.

Copyright is the term used to describe the legal right of the owner of intellectual property. The simplest explanation of copyright is the ability to duplicate. The original authors of a work and anyone they authorise to do so are the only parties with the exclusive right to reproduce that work. Even though copyright law is not all-inclusive, further fines may be imposed under other laws, such as those governing patents and trademarks. After knowing what copyright is, it is essential to comprehend how it works. Intellectual property is what you create when you put a lot of thought into creating an original product.

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what is the relationship between wants and resources

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The relationship between wants and resources is fundamental to economics, and it underlies the choices that individuals and societies make to allocate resources to satisfy their needs and desires.

The relationship between wants and resources is central to the study of economics. Wants are the desires or needs that individuals, households, and societies have for goods and services, while resources refer to the means available to produce goods and services, including natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

In an ideal situation, wants and resources would be perfectly matched, and individuals and societies would be able to satisfy their needs and desires fully. However, in the real world, resources are often scarce, which means that individuals and societies have to make choices about how to allocate resources to satisfy their most pressing wants.

Economics seeks to understand how individuals and societies make these choices by studying the relationship between wants and resources. This relationship is reflected in the concept of opportunity cost, which refers to the value of the next best alternative that must be foregone to obtain a particular good or service. In other words, when resources are scarce, satisfying one want typically means giving up the opportunity to satisfy another want, and the cost of doing so is the foregone alternative.

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when large organizations face multiple environments and interact with each environment at different organizational levels is called?

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OrganizationalOrganizational levels are referred to as decoupled when large companies deal with many environments and interact with each environment differently.

When sales increase, organisations often adopt a functional structure. This organisation splits the workforce into functional sectors based on their areas of expertise. Operations, R&D, and marketing & sales are only a few functional domains that frequently link to value chain processes. Additionally, they include auxiliary disciplines like finance, accounting, and human resources. The organisational structure shown in the diagram below illustrates the relationships between individuals in positions of authority and those who report to them. The CEO oversees and combines the activity of all the functional areas after receiving reports from the department heads of each functional area.

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shila is going to be a seal hunter because his father and grandfather were seal hunters. what type of economy is reflected in this example

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If shila is going to be a seal hunter because his father and grandfather were seal hunters. the type of economy that  is reflected in this example is : traditional economy.

What is a traditional economy?

In a traditional economy, people typically work in the same occupations as their parents and grandparents, and economic activities are focused on meeting basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing.

In this example, Shila is becoming a seal hunter because his father and grandfather were seal hunters. This suggests that seal hunting is a traditional occupation in Shila's community, and that economic decisions are based on long-standing customs and traditions. The fact that seal hunting is a way of life that has been passed down through generations reflects the traditional nature of the economy in this community.

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when an agent temporarily pursues business that is indirectly related to her or his boss’s business, it:

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When an agent temporarily pursues business that is indirectly related to their boss's business, it can be considered a conflict of interest.

This is because the agent's actions could potentially benefit their personal interests at the expense of their boss's business. Even if the business pursued by the agent is not directly competing with their boss's business, it could still be perceived as a breach of loyalty or trust.

For example, if an employee of a marketing firm uses the company's resources to launch a side business selling a product that is not in direct competition with the marketing firm's clients, this could still be considered a conflict of interest. The employee could be using company time and customer resources to pursue personal gain, which could harm the interests of the marketing firm and its clients.

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Which situation accurately describes a reduced paid-up nonforfeiture option?

Policy has a decreased face amount

Face amount of the new policy equals that of the original policy

Cash value is surrendered to policyowner

Premiums must continue to be paid

Answers

Cash value is surrendered to policyowner accurately describes a reduced paid-up nonforfeiture option.

What is nonforfeiture option.?

Nonforfeiture Reduced Paid-Up Benefit is a life insurance policy nonforfeiture benefit option that allows the policyholder to use the cash surrender value to buy a fully paid-up life permanent insurance policy for a lower level of coverage.

An insurance policy provision known as a "nonforfeiture clause" states that an insured party may be entitled to full or partial benefits or a partial reimbursement of premiums following a lapse brought on by nonpayment.

Nonforfeiture clauses could be present in standard life and long-term care insurance policies. A decreased payout based on premiums paid before the policy expires, the cash surrender value of the policy, or a part of the total premiums paid may be included in the clause.

The policyholder chooses how they would like to access the cash value of conventional whole-life insurance. The cash surrender value, extended term insurance, and loan value are the four nonforfeiture reward alternatives available to life insurance customers.

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Answer:policy has decreased face amount

Explanation:

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