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The spark-ignition-piston engine, also known as the Otto Cycle, is a type of internal combustion engine that is commonly used in automobiles, motorcycles, and small aircraft. It works by converting the chemical energy stored in the fuel into mechanical energy through a series of four strokes or cycles.

These cycles are:

Intake Stroke: The piston moves downward, drawing in a mixture of air and fuel into the cylinder through the open intake valve.

Compression Stroke: The intake valve closes, and the piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture to a high pressure and temperature.

Power Stroke: A spark ignites the compressed mixture, causing a rapid expansion of gases that push the piston downward with great force. This is the stroke where the engine generates power.

Exhaust Stroke: The piston moves upward again, expelling the burned gases through the open exhaust valve.

These four strokes constitute a complete engine cycle, and the process repeats itself for every revolution of the crankshaft. In addition to these four strokes, there is a fifth step which is the charge preparation or "induction" step. During this step, the fuel and air mixture is prepared and delivered to the cylinder, either through a carburetor or a fuel injection system.

Overall, the Otto Cycle works by harnessing the energy released by the controlled explosion of the air-fuel mixture in the power stroke to generate rotational motion of the crankshaft, which can be transferred to the wheels of a vehicle or used to power other machinery. The efficiency and power output of the engine are affected by several factors, including the compression ratio, fuel quality, ignition timing, and exhaust system design.

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