Engineering High School

Question 4 (15 pts) Suppose you are part of a team who is working on developing an artificial respiratory device for patients. At some point, you needed to estimate the power required for the inhalation of an average person. Using your fluid mechanics knowledge and with some additional assumptions, you should be able to determine. It is known that the tidal volume, which is the air breathed in with each normal breath through the mouth and nose (labeled as A), is 0.5 liters. If it occurs within 1.5 seconds through the trachea (labeled as B) having a cross-sectional area of 125 mm2 , estimate the power required for a single inhalation. State any assumptions you are making. Hint: Recall that Power=(Force, F) x (velocity, v)

Answers

Answer 1

Where the above conditions are ogiven, the power required for a single inhalation is approximately 0.00141 W.

What is the explanation for the above response?

To estimate the power required for a single inhalation, we need to calculate the force and velocity of the air flowing through the trachea.

Assumptions:

We assume that the air can be treated as an incompressible fluid.

We assume that the air flow is laminar.

We assume that the trachea is a straight pipe with a constant diameter of 10 mm (since the cross-sectional area is 125 mm^2).

We neglect any frictional losses due to the presence of the walls of the trachea.

First, let's calculate the velocity of the air. We know that the tidal volume is 0.5 liters, which is equivalent to 500 ml or 0.0005 m^3. This volume is breathed in within 1.5 seconds, so the flow rate of air through the trachea is:

Q = V/t = 0.0005 m^3 / 1.5 s = 0.000333 m^3/s

The cross-sectional area of the trachea is 125 mm^2, which is equivalent to 0.000125 m^2. Using the continuity equation for incompressible fluids, we can relate the flow rate of air to its velocity:

Q = A x v

where A is the cross-sectional area of the trachea and v is the velocity of the air. Solving for v, we get:

v = Q/A = 0.000333 m^3/s / 0.000125 m^2 = 2.664 m/s

Now that we have the velocity, we can calculate the force of the air using the equation:

F = ρ x A x v^2 / 2

where ρ is the density of air, which we can assume to be 1.2 kg/m^3 (at standard conditions of temperature and pressure). Substituting the values, we get:

F = 1.2 kg/m^3 x 0.000125 m^2 x (2.664 m/s)^2 / 2 = 0.000530 N

Finally, we can calculate the power required for a single inhalation using the equation:

Power = Force x Velocity

Substituting the values, we get:

Power = 0.000530 N x 2.664 m/s = 0.00141 W

Therefore, the power required for a single inhalation is approximately 0.00141 W.

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Related Questions

A stone of mass 10kg released from a sling, moves at a speed of 4m/s in air. what is the kinetic energy of the stone.​

Answers

Answer:

80 Joules.

Explanation:

The kinetic energy (KE) of an object is given by the equation:

KE = 1/2 * m * v^2

where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.

Given that the mass of the stone is 10kg and its velocity is 4m/s, we can calculate its kinetic energy as:

KE = 1/2 * 10kg * (4m/s)^2

= 1/2 * 10kg * 16m^2/s^2

= 80 Joules

Therefore, the kinetic energy of the stone is 80 Joules.

Answer:

The kinetic energy of the stone is 80 J

Explanation:

KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] mv², where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass, and v is the velocity.

KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] 10·4²

KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] 10·16

KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] 160

KE = 80

What is Primary Power? The high-amperage, low-voltage welding current. The high voltage, low amperage power supplied by the power utility or generator. The low-voltage, high-amperage power supplied by the power utility or generator. The low-amperage, high-voltage welding current.​

Answers

Answer:

Primary power in welding is often referred to as the input line voltage and amperage available to the welding machine from the shop’s main power line. It is often expressed in watts or kilowatts (KW) and is typically AC. It can be either single-phase or three-phase. None of the options you mentioned are correct definitions of primary power in welding.

Examples of wheel and axle machine​

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Examples of wheel and axle machine​ are car, ferris wheel Bicycle, Screwdriver and crane

Examples of wheel and axle machine​

The wheel and axle is a simple machine that consists of a wheel attached to a smaller axle, which turns with the wheel. The axle provides a mechanical advantage, allowing a smaller force to be used to turn a larger force, making it an important machine in a wide range of applications. Here are some examples of wheel and axle machines:

Bicycle: The bicycle is a classic example of a wheel and axle machine. The wheel acts as the larger wheel, while the pedals and chain system turn the smaller axle, which is connected to the rear wheel, providing the necessary force to move the bike.

Cars: A car has multiple wheel and axle systems, including the gears and driveshaft. The engine turns the crankshaft, which powers the transmission, which then turns the drive shaft, which in turn spins the wheels.

Ferris wheel: A ferris wheel is a large wheel that rotates around an axle. The passengers sit in seats that are attached to the outer edge of the wheel, allowing them to enjoy a panoramic view while the wheel turns.

Windmills: Windmills use a wheel and axle system to turn the blades and generate power. The blades are attached to the axle, which is connected to a rotor, turning the generator and creating electricity.

Screwdriver: A screwdriver is a simple tool that uses a wheel and axle system. The handle acts as the wheel, while the shaft of the screwdriver acts as the axle, allowing you to turn screws with ease.

Crane: A crane uses a wheel and axle system to lift heavy objects. The pulleys and cables work together to turn the large wheel, which provides the necessary force to lift the load.

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Please help me with this

Answers

The spark-ignition-piston engine, also known as the Otto Cycle, is a type of internal combustion engine that is commonly used in automobiles, motorcycles, and small aircraft. It works by converting the chemical energy stored in the fuel into mechanical energy through a series of four strokes or cycles.

What are the cycles?

These cycles are:

Intake Stroke: The piston moves downward, drawing in a mixture of air and fuel into the cylinder through the open intake valve.

Compression Stroke: The intake valve closes, and the piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture to a high pressure and temperature.

Power Stroke: A spark ignites the compressed mixture, causing a rapid expansion of gases that push the piston downward with great force. This is the stroke where the engine generates power.

Exhaust Stroke: The piston moves upward again, expelling the burned gases through the open exhaust valve.

These four strokes constitute a complete engine cycle, and the process repeats itself for every revolution of the crankshaft. In addition to these four strokes, there is a fifth step which is the charge preparation or "induction" step. During this step, the fuel and air mixture is prepared and delivered to the cylinder, either through a carburetor or a fuel injection system.

Overall, the Otto Cycle works by harnessing the energy released by the controlled explosion of the air-fuel mixture in the power stroke to generate rotational motion of the crankshaft, which can be transferred to the wheels of a vehicle or used to power other machinery. The efficiency and power output of the engine are affected by several factors, including the compression ratio, fuel quality, ignition timing, and exhaust system design.

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the half life of radioactive isotope radium 226 is 1600 years. suppose we have a sample that has a mass of 20 mg

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Answer: 50.1 micrograms.

Explanation: A sample of radium-226 with an initial mass of 20 mg was analyzed. The half-life of radium-226 is 1600 years. Using the exponential decay formula for radium-226, we calculated the amount of radium-226 remaining after 3200 years to be approximately 1.33 x 10^18 atoms, which corresponds to a mass of 50.1 micrograms.

Is big foot real? where does he live if it’s real?

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There is no conclusive evidence to prove the existence of Bigfoot, so it is still a subject of debate whether it is real or not. If it were real, it is said to primarily live in heavily forested regions in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.
I think he’s real I seen footprints.
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