The specific DNA sequences that have the ability to move within and out of chromosomes are called transposable elements or transposons.
They are also sometimes referred to as "jumping genes" because of their ability to move around the genome. Transposable elements can have a variety of effects on the genome, including disrupting gene function or causing changes in gene expression. They are found in virtually all organisms and are believed to play an important role in evolution by providing a source of genetic variability. The specific DNA sequences that have the ability to move within and out of chromosomes are called transposable elements or transposons. The specific DNA sequences that have the ability to move within and out of chromosomes are called transposable elements or transposons.
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which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia?
a. water buffalo, pig, and chicken
b. Llama and alpaca
c. Cattle Camel, and goat
d. sheep and goat
e. yak and horse
Sheep and goat are the animals that were domesticated together in Southwest Asia.
Around 10,000 years ago, domestication of sheep and goats began in Southwest Asia. This area, commonly referred to as the Fertile Crescent, is home to contemporary nations including Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. Domesticating these animals gave early human communities in this area a consistent supply of meat, milk, and wool, which was very important for their growth. Sheep and goats were also relatively simple to handle, which made them perfect for early agricultural practises. Sheep and goat are still significant food and fibre sources in Southwest Asia and other parts of the world today.
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Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell? mitochondrion Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum cytoskeleton
The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell is the Golgi apparatus. So the correct option is the Golgi apparatus.
The Golgi apparatus is a flattened stack of membrane-bound sacs that are located near the cell's nucleus. Proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo further processing, sorting, and packaging. The Golgi apparatus is composed of multiple cisternae or sacs, which are organized into functional regions. Proteins and lipids are transported through these regions in a polarized manner, with newly synthesized molecules entering the cis face and exiting the trans face.
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What would happen to stripe 2 of EVE if we have a mutation in giant? What would happen to the stripe? If you have a mutation in giant, then there is no giant protein. In this whole region, there is no giant to repress EVE gene. So stripe expands towards the __.
If there is a mutation in the giant gene, the stripe 2 of EVE would expand towards the anterior region.
The giant gene is responsible for the repression of the expression of EVE in the anterior region of the embryo. If there is a mutation in the giant gene, it will lead to the absence of the giant protein in the region, which means there will be no repressor to prevent the EVE gene from being expressed.
As a result, stripe 2 of EVE, which is normally repressed by the giant protein, will expand towards the anterior region of the embryo. This expansion will cause the expression of EVE in a broader region than normal, resulting in an altered pattern of EVE expression.
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Need help with number 12
The organism that has DNA closest to that of a bird is likely to be a reptile the organism that differs the most from a bird in terms of DNA is a bacteria.
What is the DNA of a bird?Dinosaurs called theropods gave rise to birds. Fossil DNA studies have revealed a tight relationship between birds and the maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs, which include Velociraptor and Deinonychus.
Bacteria lack the intricate cellular structures and processes found in eukaryotic creatures like birds and have an entirely different sort of genetic material (circular DNA termed a plasmid).
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A normal XY male has a son with the karyotype XYY. The likely explanation is:
The likely explanation for a normal XY male having a son with the karyotype XYY is a non-disjunction event during meiosis in the father's sperm cell.
Non-disjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting gamete. In this case, the father's sperm cell would have contained both Y chromosomes, resulting in an XYY karyotype in the offspring.
This is a rare occurrence, and most individuals with XYY karyotypes do not exhibit any significant developmental or health issues, though they may have a slightly increased risk for certain conditions such as developmental delays or learning disabilities.
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how many children of i-1 and i-2 individuals have huntington’s disease?
Without further information, it is impossible to determine how many children of i-1 and i-2 individuals have Huntington's disease.
What is Huntington's disease?
Huntington's disease is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that each child of an affected individual has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation and developing the disease. However, the presence or absence of the mutation in i-1 and i-2 individuals is unknown, as is the number of children they have. Therefore, it is impossible to determine the number of children who have Huntington's disease without additional information.
Determining the number of children:
To determine how many children of individuals i-1 and i-2 have Huntington's disease, we first need to understand the genetics behind the disease. Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a specific gene on chromosome 4. This means that if one parent carries the mutated gene, their child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease.
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if the glomerular filtration rate decreased, one would expect to see a corresponding clearance rate. a) increased plasma proteinb) increased plasma ureac) decreased plasma creatinined) decreased plasma glucose
The glomerular filtration rate decreased; one would expect to see a corresponding decrease in the clearance rate. This may result in increased levels of glomerular-filtered substances in the blood, such as plasma proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is a increased plasma protein.
This is because a decreased glomerular filtration rate means that less protein is being filtered out of the blood, leading to higher concentrations in the plasma. The other options b increased plasma urea, c decreased plasma creatinine, and (d) decreased plasma glucose, may be affected by changes in glomerular filtration rate, but they are not directly related to changes in plasma protein levels. If the glomerular filtration rate GFR decreased, one would expect to see a corresponding increased plasma urea clearance rate. The correct answer is increased plasma urea When the GFR decreases, it means that less blood is being filtered through the glomerulus in the kidneys. This can lead to a buildup of waste products in the blood, such as urea. As a result, the plasma urea levels increase, leading to an increased clearance rate to remove the excess urea from the body.
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Question 47
Bacteria and spores are considered natural sources of air pollution.
a. True
b. False
The given statement " Bacteria and spores are considered natural sources of air pollution" is true because they are present in the atmosphere, and their concentrations can vary depending on factors such as weather conditions and location.
Bacteria and spores are naturally occurring contributors of air pollution. They exist in the atmosphere, and their concentrations change according to circumstances such as weather and location.
While these natural pollutants are not normally detrimental to human health in normal concentrations, large levels might cause respiratory issues in those with allergies or weakened immune systems.
Furthermore, certain bacteria and spores can cause human diseases, like as Legionnaires' disease, which is caused by the bacteria Legionella.
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the word-length effect shows that it is more difficult to remember
A vitamin D deficiency in children can lead to an abnormality of bone formation with the disease ________ .
a. rickets b. osteomalacia c. osteoporosis d. beriberi
A vitamin D deficiency in children can lead to an abnormality of bone formation with the disease option A: rickets.
Loss of bone density brought on by a vitamin D deficiency can result in osteoporosis and fractures (broken bones).
Other illnesses can also be caused by severe vitamin D deficiency:
It may result in rickets in youngsters. The rare condition rickets makes the bones brittle and prone to breaking. Children and newborns of African American descent are more likely to have rickets.Osteomalacia is the result of severe vitamin D insufficiency in adults. Osteomalacia results in brittle bones, bone pain, and weakened muscles.To know more about vitamin D deficiency, refer:
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The condition that results in cells or individuals having extra sets of chromosomes is ______, and is almost always fatal in ______.
The condition that results in cells or individuals having extra sets of chromosomes is called polyploidy, and is almost always fatal in mammals.
In some organisms, such as plants, polyploidy can be beneficial and lead to increased growth and adaptation to environmental stress. However, in most animals, polyploidy is almost always fatal, leading to developmental abnormalities and eventual death. In humans, polyploidy is rare, and typically results in miscarriage or stillbirth.
Polyploidy is also associated with some types of cancer, where cells can acquire additional copies of chromosomes through abnormal cell division.
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8.why is it important that weak forces, not strong forces, mediate biomolecular recognition? how do hydrophobic interactions drive formation of protein structures?
Answer:
Biomolecular interactions are mediated by weak forces because these forces are more easily reversed or modified allowing for more dynamic systems. Hydrophobic interactions drive protein structure formation because nonpolar side chains must be "buried" away from the water and polar side chains can reside on the surface, allowing water to remain as disordered as possible.
Explanation:
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___ maintain the precursors of mitochondrial proteins in an unfolded state. Cytosolic chaperonesN-terminal-targeting sequencesC-terminal-targeting sequencesCytosolic export signalsNone of the answers is correct.
Cytosolic chaperones maintain the precursors of mitochondrial proteins in an unfolded state.
Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as precursors, and they need to be transported across the mitochondrial membranes to their final destination. To ensure that these precursors are properly targeted and translocated across the mitochondrial membranes, they are maintained in an unfolded state by cytosolic chaperones, such as Hsp70 and Hsp90. These chaperones prevent the premature folding of mitochondrial precursors and protect them from degradation, allowing them to be delivered to the mitochondria intact. Once the precursors are translocated across the mitochondrial membranes, they are then folded and assembled into their final functional form with the assistance of additional mitochondrial chaperones. Overall, the coordinated action of cytosolic and mitochondrial chaperones is essential for proper protein import and folding in the mitochondria.
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Since all living organisms have DNA, you could potentially extract DNA from any organism. True False.
The statement "Since all living organisms have DNA, you could potentially extract DNA from any organism" is true because this has led to significant advancements in the field of genetics and medicine.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the universal genetic material found in the cells of all living organisms, responsible for carrying the genetic information that dictates their biological functions and characteristics. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to extract DNA from any organism.
The extraction process typically involves breaking down the cell membranes and isolating the DNA from other cellular components, such as proteins and lipids. This can be achieved using various methods, including mechanical disruption, enzymatic digestion, or chemical treatments. Once the DNA has been isolated, it can be analyzed and studied for various purposes, including genetic research, identification of species, and understanding evolutionary relationships.
However, it's essential to consider that the success of DNA extraction can depend on factors such as the organism's tissue type, preservation state, and the chosen extraction method. In some cases, obtaining high-quality DNA samples might be more challenging, but with appropriate techniques and adjustments, DNA extraction remains possible from virtually all living organisms.
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using the kirby-bauer method to determine antibiotic sensitivity, e coli was found to have a zone of inhibition measurement of 10 mm in the presence of ampicillin. which statement is true concerning this data?
The zone of inhibition measurement of 10 mm in the presence of ampicillin for E. coli indicates that the bacteria is sensitive to ampicillin.
The Kirby-Bauer method is a standard method used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria. It involves placing antibiotic discs on an agar plate that has been inoculated with a particular bacterial strain. The antibiotic diffuses through the agar, and the zone of inhibition around the disc is measured. The size of the zone of inhibition is an indication of the effectiveness of the antibiotic against the bacteria.
In general, the larger the zone of inhibition, the more effective the antibiotic is against the bacteria. However, the zone of inhibition also depends on several other factors, such as the concentration of the antibiotic, the diffusion rate of the antibiotic in the agar, and the susceptibility of the bacteria. In this case, a zone of inhibition measurement of 10 mm in the presence of ampicillin indicates that the bacteria is sensitive to ampicillin. This means that the antibiotic is effective against the bacteria, and can be used for treatment if necessary.
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The lowest total fertility rates might be found in ________.
The lowest total fertility rates might be found in countries that are experiencing high levels of economic development and urbanization, such as Japan, South Korea, and many European countries.
The lowest total fertility rates might be found in highly developed countries .fertility is the ability to conceive a child. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individuals lifetime and is quantified demographically. Conversely, infertility is the difficulty or inability to reproduce naturally. Some of the factors cited for the low fertility rate are expensive housing, gender and social inequality, low levels of social mobility, and the huge expense of raising children in a highly competitive and expensive education system. Korean women are also having children later in life.
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At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass?
Adults normally begin to lose bone mass around the age of 30. This loss of bone mass can be accelerated by factors such as a lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions.
It is important for adults to maintain a healthy lifestyle and consume adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D to help prevent excessive bone loss. As people age, their bones become less dense and more fragile, which can lead to an increased risk of fractures and other bone-related problems. This is known as osteoporosis, which is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The process of bone loss typically starts in the late 20s or early 30s, and can be accelerated by a number of factors such as a lack of physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, a poor diet, and certain medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism and inflammatory bowel disease. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and getting enough calcium and vitamin D in the diet are important for reducing the risk of osteoporosis and maintaining bone health.
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which of the following is an important function of the skin? question 8 options: control body temperature hold muscle to bone produce antibodies manufacture blood cells
An important function of the skin is to control body temperature. This is achieved through processes such as sweating and regulating blood flow near the skin's surface.
The skin is an essential organ in the human body that serves many important functions. One of the most important functions of the skin is to act as a barrier to protect the body from external elements such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. The skin also helps regulate body temperature by controlling the amount of sweat released and by absorbing or reflecting heat. It also helps to retain moisture and prevent dehydration. The skin also helps to protect the body from physical trauma such as cuts and bruises. It contains nerve endings that allow for the sensation of heat, cold, and touch.
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What molecular force is involved in GFP protein absorbing into the column
The molecular force involved in GFP protein absorbing into the column is typically known as chromatographic attraction or adsorption.
This occurs due to the interactions between the protein molecules and the surface of the column. In this case, the column is typically coated with a material that has a high affinity for GFP protein, such as a nickel or cobalt resin, which allows the protein to be specifically and selectively bound to the column during the purification process. In chromatography, the separation of molecules is based on their differential interactions with a stationary phase (such as a resin or column matrix) and a mobile phase (such as a buffer or solvent). One common mechanism of separation is adsorption, which involves the non-specific binding of molecules to the surface of the stationary phase.
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The total air pressure at the peak of Mount Everest is about one-third of that at sea-level. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at the peak of Mount Everest?A) 0.21 atmB) 21 atmC) 0.07 atmD) 3 atmE) 0.7 atm
The partial pressure of oxygen at the peak of Mount Everest can be calculated using the fact that the concentration of oxygen in the air remains constant, but the total air pressure decreases with altitude. The partial pressure of oxygen at the peak of Mount Everest will be option C, 0.07 atm.
Since the total air pressure at the peak of Mount Everest is about one-third of that at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen can be calculated as follows:
The partial pressure of oxygen = Concentration of oxygen x Total air pressure
The concentration of oxygen in the air is 0.21, which means that it makes up 21% of the total air volume. Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen at the peak of Mount Everest can be calculated as:
Partial pressure of oxygen = 0.21 x (1/3 atm) = 0.07 atm
Therefore, the correct answer is option C) 0.07 atm. This low partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes can cause altitude sickness and make it difficult for humans to breathe without supplemental oxygen.
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Which proteins have attached carbohydrates?lipoproteinscell-surface proteinsinternal proteinsglycoproteinstopogenic proteins
Proteins that have attached carbohydrates are known as glycoproteins. These molecules play a vital role in various cellular processes, including cell recognition, signaling, and immune responses.
Glycoproteins are found in a wide variety of biological systems, including cell-surface receptors, enzymes, and structural proteins. They play important roles in cell recognition, immune responses, and cell signaling. Some glycoproteins, such as the hormone erythropoietin, are used as therapeutic agents to treat medical conditions. The process of adding carbohydrates to proteins is called glycosylation, and it occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of the cell.
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Question 32
Injury to plants due to __ shows up as flecks, stipple and bleaching, tip burns on conifers and growth suppression.
a. Ozone
b. Peroxyacyl nitrates
c. Hydrogen fluoride
d. Sulfur dioxide
Injury to plants due to Ozone (a) shows up as flecks, stipple and bleaching, tip burns on conifers, and growth suppression.
The injury to plants described in the question is most likely caused by exposure to a. Ozone. Ozone can cause damage to plants by oxidizing their tissues, resulting in the symptoms mentioned such as flecks, stipple, and bleaching. Sulfur dioxide can also cause injury to plants, but the symptoms would be different and typically include yellowing and necrosis of leaves. Peroxyacyl nitrates and hydrogen fluoride are also air pollutants that can harm plants, but they are less commonly encountered and typically cause more severe injury.
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Each thymus lobule is divided into an inner medulla and an outer _____.
Each thymus lobule is divided into an inner medulla and an outer Cortex.
Each thymus lobule has two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The cortex is the outer region, and it contains a dense population of immature T cells that recognise and respond to foreign antigens.
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are specialised epithelial cells found in the brain that offer crucial signals for T cell growth and selection.
The medulla is the inner region and contains more developed T cells that have been selected for their capacity to recognise self-antigens without reacting to them.
The medulla also contains specialised cells that aid in the removal of any remaining T cells that may react to self-antigens.
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Please help me on this! This is for oceanography
9. This octopus lives in the neritic province. 10. If the octopus is in the twilight area, it would be in the epipelagic zone. 11. Brittle Star and Sponge would be considered benthic.
What is epipelagic zone?The topmost portion of a body of water that receives sunshine and enables phytoplankton to carry out photosynthesis is known as the photic zone, euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone. Numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes take place in it, supplying nutrients to the top layer of the water column. The majority of aquatic life is found in the photic zone because of phytoplankton activity (primary production).
Why Brittle Star and Sponge are considered benthic?Benthic organisms are animals and plants that live at the bottom of the ocean and other bodies of water. The organisms that comprise the benthic zone matter to the ecosystem because they typically form the foundation of the food web, providing food for larger animals. Brittle stars and sponges are both examples of benthic organism.
Brittle stars have long, spiny arms attached to a central disk that allows them to move and filter nutrients from the seafloor sand or mud. Sponges are sessile organisms and filter-feeders, using their specialized body structure and flagella to strain food particles from the water. They can filter and consume large amounts of particles, while providing habitats for many microscopic organisms. Both organisms play an important role keep the ecosystem healthy and help support a diversity of life.
12. They would be found in the sublittoral zone.
13. The sponge would be classified as epifauna because they live on the surface.
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Which type of microscopy can be used to view the nuclear pore complex?TEMSEMlight microscopyfluorescent microscopyphase microscopy
A potent method used to see structures in cells and tissues that are invisible to the human eye is microscopy. Regarding resolution, image depth, and sensitivity to particular molecules or structures, various methods of microscopy have varied advantages and disadvantages.
A beam of electrons is used in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a form of microscopy, to create a picture of a specimen. It may be used to observe structures as small as the nuclear pore complex due to its excellent resolution. The movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is controlled by the nuclear pore complex, a large protein complex that crosses the nuclear envelope. SEM, fluorescence microscopy, and light microscopy are examples of different types of microscopy that can reveal information.
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Recall the famous experiment when Dr. Pavlov presented salivating dogs with food at the same time he rang a bell. Eventually, when Pavlov only rang the bell, the dogs would still salivate even though food was not presented. What consumer behavior principle was involved in this research?
The classical conditioning theory underlies Pavlov's investigation into consumer behavior. A neutral stimulus and a natural, instinctive response are matched in a process known as classical conditioning until the neutral stimulus may elicit the same response on its own.
In Pavlov's experiment, the sound of the bell (a neutral stimulus) was repeatedly combined with the offering of food (a natural, instinctive reaction), ultimately causing the identical response of salivation to be elicited by the sound of the bell alone.
The same classical conditioning approach has been used to a variety of industries, including marketing and advertising, where brands and goods may be linked to favorable or unfavorable stimuli to elicit particular customer behaviors or feelings.
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Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by
A. glycolipids.
B. cholesterol.
C. proteins.
D. phospholipids.
D. Phospholipids. The cell membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, which form a bilayer that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. The phospholipid bilayer provides a barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Proteins embedded in the membrane perform various functions, including transport and enzymatic activity, but they rely on the phospholipids to provide the basic structure of the membrane. Cholesterol also plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane. Glycolipids, which are composed of carbohydrates and lipids, are primarily involved in cell recognition and signaling, rather than transport or enzymatic function.
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ghrelin is a peptide hormone that: a. stimulates satiety. b. decreases eating behavior. c. stimulates eating behavior. d. serves as an antagonist to hunger.
Ghrelin, popularly known as "the hunger hormone," is a gastric peptide hormone that controls food intake, body weight, as well as taste perception, reward, cognition, learning, and memory.
What causes ghrelin to be released?Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) is activated by the multifunctional gut hormone ghrelin. The stimulatory effects of ghrelin on food intake, fat storage, and growth hormone release are its distinctive biological properties. The "hunger hormone" ghrelin is well-known. Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced by enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, namely the stomach. It is frequently referred to as the "hunger hormone" since it makes people more likely to want to eat. When hungry, ghrelin levels in the blood are at their peak; they then decline after meals. Ghrelin is impacted by the things you eat. For instance, eating foods strong in protein or good carbs lowers ghrelin levels more than eating foods high in fat. Your stomach produces the hormone known as ghrelin.To learn more about Ghrelin, refer to:
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Question 5
Most ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is absorbed by the ozone layer as it passes through the:
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. tropopause
Most ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is absorbed by the ozone layer as it passes through the Stratosphere.
The stratosphere is the portion of the Earth's atmosphere that lies between 10 and 50 kilometers above the surface and is situated above the troposphere and under the mesosphere.
An area of the stratosphere called the ozone layer has a comparatively high concentration of ozone molecules, creating a natural shield that absorbs most of the sun's harmful UV rays.
Based on wavelength, UV radiation can be split into three categories: UVA, UVB, and UVC. While most UVB radiation is also absorbed by the ozone layer, UVC radiation is totally absorbed by the ozone layer and does not reach the Earth's surface.
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If the common bile duct is blocked, the skin will become:
Answer:
When the bile ducts become blocked, bile builds up in the liver, and jaundice (yellow color of the skin) develops due to the increasing level of bilirubin in the blood.
Source: MedinePlus
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