The preparedness theory provides an explanation for why it is difficult to condition humans to fear objects such as flowers or cookies.
According to this theory, humans are biologically prepared to rapidly learn to fear stimuli that are evolutionarily relevant, such as snakes and spiders, but are not prepared to fear neutral stimuli that are not associated with survival or danger. This is because our ancestors who were more sensitive to these types of stimuli were more likely to survive and pass on their genes, leading to a natural selection of fear learning mechanisms that prioritize biologically relevant stimuli. Therefore, conditioning fear responses to non-threatening stimuli such as flowers or cookies is much more difficult, and may require more extensive and repetitive conditioning. This theory is supported by studies that have found that humans show a faster fear response to biologically relevant stimuli compared to neutral stimuli.
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The idea that some cultures dominate others, and that domination by one culture leads inevitably to the destruction of subordinated cultures and their replacement by the culture of those in power, is called Question 22 options: cultural relativism colonialism cultural imperialism cultural hybridity
The concept of one culture dominating another and subsequently leading to the destruction of the subordinated culture is known as cultural imperialism.
This idea suggests that one culture, often that of the dominant group in society, is seen as superior and is imposed on other cultures, leading to the loss of cultural identity and heritage for the subordinated groups. This process can occur through various means such as economic, political, and military power.
Cultural imperialism has been a significant issue throughout history, with colonization being a prime example of its implementation. The domination of colonizers over native populations often resulted in the suppression of traditional cultures and the imposition of foreign cultural practices and beliefs. The effects of cultural imperialism can still be seen today in various forms, such as the spread of Western media and consumer culture.
However, cultural hybridity offers a more optimistic perspective. This concept suggests that cultural exchange between different groups can lead to the creation of new cultural forms, rather than one culture overpowering the other. It recognizes the importance of preserving cultural diversity and promoting intercultural communication and understanding.
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LVL 2 - What do you feel when you hear "Black Lives Matter"? "All Lives Matter"
"Black Lives Matter" is a social justice movement that advocates for the fair and just treatment of Black individuals and communities. It is a response to systemic racism, police brutality, and social inequality experienced by Black people.
The phrase "All Lives Matter" is often used as a response to the Black Lives Matter movement, but it is important to note that it can be seen as dismissive or even offensive to the Black Lives Matter movement. The phrase "All Lives Matter" can be interpreted as minimizing the specific issues faced by Black people and ignoring the history of systemic oppression and racism that has led to the need for the Black Lives Matter movement.
It is important to recognize that Black Lives Matter does not mean that other lives do not matter; rather, it is a call for equity and justice for Black individuals and communities who have experienced discrimination and violence. All lives do matter, but the Black Lives Matter movement focuses specifically on the injustices and inequalities faced by the Black community.
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An employer can hire an independent contractor to complete an inherently dangerous activity to escape liability just in case something goes wrong.True False
False, An employer cannot hire an independent contractor to complete an inherently dangerous activity to escape liability in case something goes wrong.
What do you mean by an independent contractor ?The employer may still be held liable for any damages or injuries that occur on their property or as a result of their business operations.
A individual employed by a company is referred to as an independent contractor. Instead of giving the task to an employee, he must finish the job or project himself. The assignment is given to independent contractor by the business; therefore, it's not the company that decides if the project of job is to be completed.
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According to cognitive dissonance theory, soldiers may reduce their guilt about killing innocent civilians during wartime by
A. killing more enemy soldiers. B. dehumanizing their victims. C. telling themselves that the war is almost over. D. going into therapy.
According to cognitive dissonance theory, soldiers may reduce their guilt about killing innocent civilians during wartime by B. dehumanizing their victims. Hence the correct option is B.
According to cognitive dissonance theory, people experience discomfort or guilt when their attitudes or behaviors conflict with each other. In the case of soldiers who are asked to kill innocent civilians during wartime, their actions may conflict with their beliefs about morality and the value of human life. To reduce this discomfort, soldiers may dehumanize their victims by labeling them as "enemies" or "terrorists", which can make it easier for them to justify their actions as necessary for the greater good of their country or military mission.
This can also help them maintain a positive self-image as defenders of their nation, rather than as murderers of innocent people.
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In a 2 (treatment-control) by 2 (male-female) factorial experiment, "female" would be: a. a factor nameb b. A level namec c. An interaction named d. Both a factor and level name
Female is a level name within the gender factor in a 2 by 2 factorial experiment, which has two factors: treatment and gender. Here option B is the correct answer.
In a 2 by 2 factorial experiment, the independent variables are manipulated in a way that all possible combinations of the two factors are tested. In this case, the factors are treatment (with two levels: treatment and control) and gender (with two levels: male and female).
In such a design, "treatment" and "gender" are both factors, as they represent the independent variables that are being manipulated. "Female" is a level of the gender factor, along with "male."
A factor represents a variable that can potentially influence the dependent variable, while a level represents a specific value or category within a factor. Therefore, in this experiment, "female" is a level name within the gender factor.
An interaction occurs when the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable is dependent on the level of another independent variable. In this design, an interaction could occur if the effect of the treatment on the dependent variable differs for males and females. However, "female" by itself is not an interaction, it is a level within a factor.
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Why should sarcasm and jokes in workplace instant messages be avoided in most cases?
Sarcasm and jokes in workplace instant messages should be avoided in most cases because they can be easily misinterpreted and lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and even hurt feelings.
May seem like harmless teasing or banter to one person but can come across as rude or offensive to another. In a professional setting, it's important to maintain a respectful and courteous tone, especially when communicating through written messages where tone and intent can be easily misconstrued.
Additionally, sarcasm and jokes can distract from the task at hand and create a less productive work environment. While humor can be a great way to break the ice and build rapport with colleagues, it's important to use it sparingly and appropriately, and always be mindful of how it may be perceived by others. Ultimately, workplace communication should prioritize clarity, professionalism, and respect above all else.
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In early 1840, the British government decided to use what tactic
against the Chinese?
O Military Force
O Diplomatic Agreements
O Scorched-Earth Policy
Answer:
the answer is military force
Answer:
Explanation:
In early 1840, the British government decided to use military force against the Chinese. This decision led to the First Opium War, which lasted from 1839 to 1842. The war was primarily fought over the British trade of opium into China, which was illegal under Chinese law, and the Chinese government's attempts to stop it. The British government sent a fleet of warships to China, and in 1842, the Chinese were forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking, which opened up several Chinese ports to British trade, and ceded Hong Kong to the British. The treaty marked the beginning of the unequal treaties between China and various Western powers.
A subject is presented with two different dialogues, one in each ear, at the same time. She is then asked to repeat one of the dialogues. What does this test measure
This test measures the subject's ability to selectively attend and recall information presented in one ear while ignoring the information presented in the other ear.
The test described is known as the dichotic listening task, which is often used in cognitive psychology to investigate selective attention and divided attention. In this task, the subject is presented with two different messages simultaneously, one in each ear, and is instructed to attend to and recall one of the messages while ignoring the other.
By measuring the subject's ability to selectively attend and recall information presented in one ear, researchers can gain insights into the processes underlying attention and perception.
The test is particularly useful for investigating the "cocktail party effect," which refers to the ability to selectively attend to a specific auditory stimulus in a noisy environment.
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What does the order of ingredients listed tell us about each ingredient?
The order of ingredients listed on a product label can provide valuable information about the quantity and importance of each ingredient.
Typically, ingredients are listed in descending order of weight or concentration, meaning that the ingredient listed first is present in the largest amount, while the ingredient listed last is present in the smallest amount.
This information is important because it can help consumers make informed decisions about what they are consuming or using.
For example, if a product's first ingredient is sugar, it may be an indicator that the product is high in added sugars and may not be a healthy choice.
On the other hand, if a product's first ingredient is a whole grain, it may be a healthier choice.
Additionally, the order of ingredients can provide insight into the quality of a product.
For example, if a product claims to be made with a certain ingredient but that ingredient is listed near the end of the ingredient list, it may not contain a significant amount of that ingredient and may not be as high quality as advertised.
Overall, understanding the order of ingredients listed on a product label can help consumers make informed choices about the products they use and consume.
It is important to pay attention to this information when shopping and to read labels carefully in order to make the best choices for one's health and wellbeing.
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Question 57
An inspection of a premise can lawfully be made in all of the following situations except:
a. When refused admission
b. With the consent of the owner
c. In an emergency
d. When a search warrant has been issued
An inspection of a premise can lawfully be made in all of the situations listed except when refused admission.
Inspections can be conducted with the consent of the owner, in emergency situations, and when a search warrant has been issued. It is important to note that the issuance of a search warrant requires probable cause and must be authorized by a judge. Refusal of admission can indicate a lack of consent and may lead to further legal action. It is important to follow proper procedures and obtain legal authorization before conducting any inspections or searches.
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Each culture has its own healers who usually:
Each culture has its own unique set of beliefs and practices surrounding health and healing. As a result, there are a wide range of healers that are specific to each culture.
These healers may be trained in different modalities and have different methods for treating illnesses and ailments. For example, in traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncturists and herbalists are common healers who use acupuncture needles and herbal remedies to balance the body's energy and promote healing. In Native American culture, medicine men and women use various rituals, prayers, and herbal medicines to heal both physical and spiritual illnesses. In African cultures, traditional healers may use divination, herbal remedies, and ritual ceremonies to treat a range of conditions.
In many cultures, healers are highly respected members of the community and play an important role in maintaining the health and well-being of their people. They often have deep knowledge of their culture's traditional healing practices and are trusted sources of guidance and support for individuals seeking to improve their health. Overall, each culture has its own unique healing traditions and practitioners that reflect its values, beliefs, and history.
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What did Peter Cooper envision for the United States and how did he work to bring his vision to life?
Peter Cooper envisioned a prosperous and egalitarian United States, where every individual would have access to education, healthcare, and other basic necessities of life.
He believed that technological progress and industrialization could be harnessed to improve the lives of ordinary people and create a more just and democratic society.
To bring his vision to life, Cooper was actively involved in various philanthropic and social causes. He supported the establishment of public libraries, schools, and colleges, such as the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, which provided free education to working-class students.
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Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations is called?
The federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or administrative regulations are called Formula Grants.
What is Formula Grants?The federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations are called formula grants. These grants are allocated to state and local governments based on a predetermined set of criteria, which may include population, income levels, or other factors specified by the legislation or administrative regulations.
Examples of formula grants such as Medicaid health insurance, education, and transportation infrastructure.
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Why was the mead hall important to Anglo Saxon society?
The mead hall was important to Anglo Saxon society as it was a place where everybody could meet together.
As necessary to Anglo-Saxon military existence as the stable for horses or the smithy for forging weapons was the structure we now refer to as the "mead-hall." The hall served as the venue for hiring and promoting employees, rewarding merit, and fortifying social ties.
The hall served as a crucial gathering spot for everyone. Discussions about issues that affected the entire tribe were permissible. The leader might promise his soldiers gifts in the hall and that they would battle for him if he needed them.
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Using a disguised name, Jen sends threat emails and bullies their school friends on various online forums. This is an example of deindividuation that is primarily based on
The scenario described is an example of deindividuation that is primarily based on anonymity.
Deindividuation refers to the psychological phenomenon where individuals lose their sense of self-awareness and self-restraint in group settings or situations that encourage anonymity. Anonymity allows individuals to feel less accountable for their actions and less likely to be identified and punished for their behavior.
In this case, Jen is using a disguised name to send threatening emails and bully their school friends on various online forums. By remaining anonymous, Jen feels emboldened to engage in this behavior without fear of consequences or social backlash. Furthermore, the lack of face-to-face interaction and physical presence of others further facilitates deindividuation.
The anonymity and lack of social cues in online forums create an environment where individuals are more likely to engage in aggressive or antisocial behavior. This highlights the importance of promoting accountability and ethical behavior online, as well as emphasizing the value of face-to-face interactions and building empathy and social skills.
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which area of the united states generally has the highest prevalence of depression, serious psychological distress, and mean number of mentally unhealthy days? group of answer choices
The area of the United States that generally has the highest prevalence of depression, serious psychological distress, and mean number of mentally unhealthy days is the South Atlantic region.
This includes states like Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.
There are several factors that contribute to this region having a higher prevalence of mental health issues than other areas of the country.
First, the South Atlantic region has a greater proportion of minority populations, which can lead to an increased risk of mental health issues due to discrimination and other factors.
Second, the region has higher rates of poverty, which can also be associated with higher rates of mental health issues. Finally, the region also has a lower access to mental health services, which can make it harder for individuals to get the help they need.
Overall, the South Atlantic region is generally the area of the United States that has the highest prevalence of depression, serious psychological distress, and mean number of mentally unhealthy days. This can be attributed to a variety of factors, including higher minority populations, higher poverty rates, and lower access to mental health services.
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In a national system of cities, if the largest city has much more than twice as many people as the second largest city within the country, it has: a. a binary system of cities b. a rank size system of cities c. an even urban hierarchy d. a primate city system of cities
If the largest city in a national system of cities has much more than twice as many people as the second largest city within the country, it has a primate city system of cities, represented by option D.
In this system, one city dominates the country's urban system, both economically and culturally, and is much larger than any other city within the system. The primate city's size and influence can lead to imbalances within the country's urban system, as resources and opportunities tend to be concentrated in the largest city, leading to disparities in wealth and development between the primate city and other smaller cities. This can have implications for economic growth, social mobility, and political stability within the country.
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dr. smith is of the school of psychology that believes your relationship with the client should be one of acceptance and empathy. which approach to therapy is dr. smith using? dr. smith is of the school of psychology that believes your relationship with the client should be one of acceptance and empathy. which approach to therapy is dr. smith using? trait behavioral client-centered psychodynamic cognitive
The client-centered psychology therapy method, also known as person-centered therapy and established by Carl Rogers, is typified by Dr. Smith's approach to therapy, which places a strong emphasis on acceptance and empathy in the therapeutic interaction.
Psychotherapy. You can better handle your particular phobia by speaking with a mental health expert. The most successful therapies are exposure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. The goal of exposure therapy is to alter how you react to the thing or circumstance that gives you anxiety.
Cognitive psychologists research people's information gathering, perception, processing, and storing processes. This research may examine everything from how language is learned to how emotion and cognition interact. Early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind are important in the psychoanalytic perspective on personality.
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Why is ATM shoulder surfing much easier than computer shoulder surfing?
Because the victim's activities are obvious, limited, and predictable, ATM shoulder surfing is significantly easier than computer shoulder surfing.
When someone uses an ATM, they are often standing in front of a machine in a public setting, with their actions visible to everyone nearby. Furthermore, the steps needed in withdrawing money from an ATM are limited and predictable, making it easier for a shoulder surfer to memorize or steal the victim's PIN.
Computer shoulder surfing, on the other hand, necessitates the attacker being in close proximity to the victim's computer screen and relies on the victim's actions being visible and predictable, which is not always the case.
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The best time to teach the mand for apple is when the child has just eaten an apple.
A. True
B. False
False. Although the child may be familiar with the concept of apples and the words associated with it, teaching the command for apple at this particular time may not be the best way to introduce the concept to the child.
Teaching a command for apple should be done in a more structured setting, such as during a lesson or activity. This helps to ensure that the child is able to understand the concept and can apply it to other objects as well. Additionally, teaching the command for apple at a time when the child is already familiar with the concept can lead to confusion and frustration.
Instead, it is best to introduce the concept to the child in an environment where they can focus and be taught without distraction. This ensures that the child is able to learn the concept in a way that is most effective and beneficial.
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why is it important for pupils to have knowledge about different benefits that we can get from the trees?
Answer:
It is important for pupils to have knowledge about the different benefits that we can get from trees for several reasons:
Environmental awareness: Understanding the importance of trees and their role in the ecosystem can help pupils develop a greater appreciation for the natural world and become more environmentally aware. They can learn about how trees help to clean the air, regulate the climate, and support biodiversity.Health benefits: Trees provide a range of health benefits, such as reducing stress, improving air quality, and promoting physical activity. By learning about these benefits, pupils can become more aware of the importance of spending time in nature and caring for the environment.Economic benefits: Trees also provide a range of economic benefits, such as providing timber and other forest products, supporting tourism and recreation, and reducing energy costs through shading and cooling. By understanding these benefits, pupils can develop a greater appreciation for the economic value of trees and forests.Conservation: Finally, by learning about the importance of trees and their benefits, pupils can become advocates for conservation and sustainability. They can learn about the threats to forests and the need to protect them, and they can develop the skills and knowledge to become stewards of the environment and work towards a more sustainable future.Overall, by teaching pupils about the different benefits that we can get from trees, we can help to promote environmental awareness, support public health, and encourage conservation and sustainability.
What does it mean that "science is a form of arrogance control."? (4-5 sentences)
Answer: Scientific reasoning is useful to anyone in any job because it makes us face the possibility, even the dire reality, that we were mistaken. It forces us to confront our self-justifications and put them on public display for others to puncture. At its core, therefore, science is a form of arrogance control.
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The essence of leadership behaviors has two dimensions: ______ and _____.a. leaders; followersb. task; relationshipsc. strengths; weaknessesd. realized strengths; unrealized strengths
The essence of leadership behaviors has two dimensions: task and relationships. Therefore, correct option is b).
What are the two dimension of the essence of leadership behaviors?The essence of leadership behaviors has two dimensions: task and relationships. So, the correct answer is (b) task; relationships. These dimensions encompass the focus on completing tasks effectively and building strong relationships with team members.
Consideration and Initiating Structure are two dimensions of leader behavior identified in 1945 as a result of the Ohio State Leadership Studies. A survey of theory and research and Littrell's Explicit leader behaviour.
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10. Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types ofA) behavioral psychotherapy techniques. B) attending behaviors. C) rapport.D) directive interviewing.
Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types of attending behaviors. The correct option is "B".
Attending behaviors are communication skills used by therapists to show interest and attention to their clients. They include both verbal and nonverbal behaviors, such as eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking.
Eye contact involves looking directly at the client during conversation, which signals interest and engagement. Body language refers to the therapist's posture, gestures, and facial expressions, which can communicate warmth and openness or defensiveness and disinterest.
The correct option is "B".
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Question 19
Those who work on uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are required to receive a minimum of __ training
a. 20 hours
b. 4 hours
c. 40 hours
d. 100 hours
Those who work on uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are required to receive a minimum of 40 hours training
Therefore the correct option is C.
The training must meet a minimum of 40 hours and typically includes instruction in hazardous material handling, personal protective equipment, appropriate response to spills or releases, and proper disposal techniques.
This mandatory training ensures that workers are aware of the potential risks associated with working on these sites and are capable of taking the appropriate safety precautions to protect themselves and the environment. Additional specialized training may be required depending on the type of work being performed at the site.
Hence the correct option is C
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Innovation most easily incorporated into a culture are those that:
a. Create domestic competition in the market
b. Cause the most dramatic change
c. Create the most jobs for women
d. Generate the most interest within society
Innovation most easily incorporated into a culture are those that: d. Generate the most interest within society. Hence the correct option is d.
Innovation is the application of concepts in a way that results in the creation of new products or services or enhances the provision of existing ones. Innovation is defined as "a new or changed entity realising or redistributing value" by ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020.
A society is a group of people that regularly contact with one another or a significant social group that inhabits the same physical or social territory and is typically under the control of the same political leadership and prevailing cultural expectations.
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Damion rewrote his paper at the suggestion of his professor, even though he did not agree with the suggestions. This is an example of:
A) Obedience
B) Conformity
C) Compliance
D) Diffusion
E) Cognitive Dissonance
C) Compliance. Compliance refers to the act of conforming to a request or suggestion, even if one does not agree with it.
In the case described, Damion rewrote his paper at the suggestion of his professor, despite not agreeing with the changes that were suggested. This is an example of compliance because Damion complied with the professor's request, even though he did not necessarily believe that the changes would improve his paper.
Compliance can be influenced by a variety of factors, including social norms, the perceived authority of the person making the request, and the desire to avoid conflict or negative consequences. In the case of Damion, it is possible that he complied with his professor's request in order to maintain a good relationship with the professor or to avoid a lower grade on the paper. Compliance can have both positive and negative consequences, depending on the situation and the nature of the request or suggestion.
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______ reflect who participates in the process, who does not, and the different resources that each policy actor brings to the decision-making arena.
Policy outcomes reflect who participates in the process, who does not, and the different resources that each policy actor brings to the decision-making arena.
A policy that focuses on achieving specific results leverages the levers of government—taxes, spending, regulations, and systems of implementation. These results serve as a gauge of the policy's effectiveness. Thus, measurements and discussions of their effectiveness are directly related to outcome policies.
Outcome-based policies are reasonably simple to implement through legislative or administrative action if the political climate is favourable. They are also simple to turn around. A process-policy makes an effort to change the course of change. Its consequences can be more challenging to quantify because its immediate impacts are frequently mild.
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The terms "policy actors," "decision-making arena," and "resources" are key components in understanding the dynamics of policy-making processes. In your question, the blank can be filled with "Policy actors." Therefore, the complete sentence is: "Policy actors reflect who participates in the process, who does not, and the different resources that each policy actor brings to the decision-making arena."
Policy actors refer to individuals, groups, organizations, or institutions that play a role in the development, implementation, or evaluation of public policies. Policy actors can include government officials, elected representatives, interest groups, civil society organizations, businesses, and individuals who are affected by policies. These actors often have different interests, values, and beliefs, and may have varying degrees of influence on policy decisions. Policy actors can participate in policy-making through various channels, such as lobbying, advocacy, public consultations, and participation in decision-making processes. Understanding the roles and interactions of policy actors is essential for analyzing policy outcomes, identifying potential conflicts of interest, and developing effective policies that meet the needs of society.
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What is the Mead's Theory of Identity - I and me?
The Mead's Theory of Identity is a sociological and psychological theory that explains how individuals develop their sense of self and identity through social interactions with others. Central to Mead's theory are the concepts of "I" and "me."
The "I" represents the individual's unique and subjective self, which is spontaneous and creative. It is the active, impulsive, and unpredictable aspect of the self that initiates actions and responds to immediate situations in a way that reflects the person's personal desires and goals.The "me," on the other hand, is the socialized self that is shaped by the expectations and norms of society. It represents the attitudes and values of the broader community and is formed through interactions with others. The "me" is the part of the self that is concerned with how others perceive and evaluate us.According to Mead, the development of the "me" is necessary for individuals to become functioning members of society, while the "I" provides individuals with a sense of agency and creativity. Mead believed that the "me" and the "I" are in a constant state of tension and that a healthy sense of self requires a balance between the two.Overall, Mead's theory of identity suggests that the self is not an innate or fixed entity but is rather a dynamic and evolving construct that is formed and transformed through social interactions and experiences.
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Question 38
When an order has been ignored, the next step is to
a. issue a second order
b. hold an administrative hearing
c. obtain a subpoena
d. obtain a warrant
If an order has been ignored, the next step would depend on the specific situation. If it involves a legal matter, such as a court case or investigation, the appropriate action may be to obtain a subpoena to compel someone to provide evidence or testimony.
If it is an administrative matter, such as a violation of a regulation or policy, the appropriate action may be to hold an administrative hearing to determine the appropriate consequences. However, if the order is related to a criminal matter and the individual is suspected of a crime, the appropriate action may be to obtain a warrant to arrest the individual or search their property.
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