Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are some of the mechanisms that cause changes in allele frequencies over time.
How it affects:Over time, a population's gene pool might change due to evolution. This can be brought on by a variety of mechanisms, including mutations, natural selection, and genetic drift. As a result, the gene pool of the population is altered to better meet the needs of its particular environment.
The four main driving forces of evolution are mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and gene flow. New genetic variety is created by mutation in a gene pool. Genetic drift and gene flow alter the allele frequencies in a gene pool.
A population's gene pool can slowly change over time to produce new types of individuals, a process known as microevolution. Microevolutionary processes include changes in a species' size or color as well as bacteria that are no longer hurt by drugs.
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d. A brass measuring tape is correct at 20°C. The value obtained when the length of a field is measured with the rule at 50°C appears to be 70.5 m. What is the true length of the field? Linear expansivity of brass 1.8 x 10-5 K-1,
Answer:
The answer would be 52.8m
Which of the following bodies are at thermal equilibrium when being put into contact? (1) A glass of water of internal energy E at 20 °C (2) Alcohol with unknown internal energy at 20 °C (3) A jar of water of internal energy E at 25 °C A(1) and (2) only B(1) and (3) only C(2) and (3) only D(1), (2) and (3)
When two bodies at equal temperature are brought in contact with each other then no heat flows between them and they are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
When bodies in contact are in thermal equilibrium then they have the same?When the engine temperature eventually reaches the same level as the ambient temperature, thermal equilibrium has taken place. After being placed on the table and waiting a short while, a cup of hot tea cools to the same temperature as its surroundings.
This is where thermal equilibrium occurs. the set temperature at which all of a solid's mass melts. When the solid turns into a liquid, both the solid and the liquid coexist in the thermal equilibrium.
The individual drove himself to his location. The engine temperature was excessively high during that time, but it eventually dropped to the air temperature outside. When the engine temperature eventually reaches air temperature, thermal equilibrium has occurred.
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A(1) and (2) only of the following bodies are at thermal equilibrium when being put into contact. i.e. (1) A glass of water of internal energy E at 20 °C (2) Alcohol with unknown internal energy at 20 °C .
What is thermal equilibrium?When two physical systems are linked by a channel permeable to heat, they are said to be in thermal equilibrium if there is no net transfer of thermal energy between them. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is observed during thermal equilibrium.As internal energy is measured in terms of the body temperature, when two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, their internal energies will also be equal.
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In pan 1, you'll spray the sand with water. In pan 2, you'll set ice cubes on the sand to melt. Predict what will happen in each pan
In pan 1, when you spray the sand with water, the water will be absorbed by the sand and the sand will become more compact and dense. This is because water molecules will fill the spaces between sand particles and increase the weight of the sand.
In pan 2, when you set ice cubes on the sand, the ice cubes will begin to melt as they come into contact with the warmer sand. As the ice melts, the surrounding sand will become wet. The meltwater will also lower the temperature of the sand around the ice cubes.
The ice cubes will continue to melt until they are fully melted, and the water will be absorbed by the sand. The wet sand will be cooler than the dry sand. This process will cause a change in the temperature and moisture content of sand which can be observed and studied.
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an object moves 15 meters in 3 seconds. what is its velocity (in m/s)?
Important Formulas:
[tex]v=\dfrac{d}{t}[/tex]
velocity(measured in m/s) = distance(measured in meters) / time(measured in seconds)
__________________________________________________________
Given:
[tex]d=15m[/tex]
[tex]t=3s[/tex]
[tex]v=?[/tex]
__________________________________________________________
Finding velocity:
[tex]v=\dfrac{d}{t}[/tex]
[tex]v=\dfrac{15}{3}[/tex]
__________________________________________________________
[tex]\fbox{v = 5 m/s}[/tex]
When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:
A. is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard.
B. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.
C. will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle.
D. will most likely be thrown over the steering column.
D. will most likely be thrown over the steering column. When an unrestrained occupant is in a motor vehicle that strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the occupant will be thrown from the vehicle due to the force of the impact. Without a seatbelt, the occupant will be thrown forward over the steering column.
When a motor vehicle strikes a tree traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant will be thrown forward and over the steering column with a force that is greater than the force of the motor vehicle's deceleration. This is due to the fact that the occupant is not restrained and therefore is not held in place by the seatbelt, allowing them to travel at the same speed until acted upon by an external force.
When a motor vehicle strikes a tree traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant will be thrown forward and over the steering column with a force that is greater than the force of the motor vehicle's deceleration.
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Lab motion
Table E: Average Speeds for Higher Racetrack
Time (Initial) |Time (Final) |Elapsed |Time |Average speed
| | | |
(s) (s) (s) (m/s)
1st ¼ of the Track
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2nd ¼ of the Track
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3rd ¼ of the Track
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Final ¼ of the Track
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R is the radius of speed curvature of the turn, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and μs is the coefficient of static friction.
θ is the angle of banking. For no slippage to occur even when the contribution of the frictional force in the centripetal force is not considered, we ignore the effect of friction and get the Time. Well, if the radius must be a single measurement, then the turn will be perpendicular.
While you're gathering necessary data, there's a discrepancy in your Average speed. Unless there are also tighter or unbanked turns, it's difficult to imagine the average speed=cornering speed.
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The piton in fig 2. 1. 15 i pulled out of the cylinder from piton x to piton y without changing the temperature of the air encloed if the original preure in the cylinder wa 1. 0 multiply by 10 calculate the air preure when the piton i at poition y
The pressure at position y to be 10.0, which is the air pressure when the piston is at position y.
If the original pressure in the cylinder was 1.0, and the piston is pulled out from position x to position y without changing the temperature of the enclosed air, the air pressure at position y will be increased. This is due to the change in volume of the cylinder as the piston is pulled out. As the volume increases, the number of air molecules inside the cylinder also increases, which causes an increase in the air pressure.
To calculate the air pressure when the piston is at position y, we can use the gas law known as Boyles' Law, which states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. Therefore, if the volume increases, the pressure will decrease, and if the volume decreases, the pressure will increase.
P₁V₁=P₂V₂Where P₁ is the initial pressure, V₁ is the initial volume, P₂ is the final pressure, and V₂ is the final volume.
By substituting the given values, we have:
1.0V₁ = P₂(V₁+V)Where V is the change in volume due to the movement of the piston.
Solving for P₂:
P₂= 1.0*V₁/(V₁+V)P₂= 1.0*1.0/(1.0+V)As we know, the original pressure is 1.0, and if we multiply it by 10, we will get the final pressure at position y to be 10.0, which is the air pressure when the piston is at position y.
This question is not written in a proper manner. The corrections are:
The piston in fig. 2. 1.15 is pulled out of the cylinder from piston x to piston y without changing the temperature of the air enclosed. If the original pressure in the cylinder was 1.0, multiply by 10 to calculate the air pressure when the piston is at position y.Learn more about piston–cylinder here: brainly.com/question/24884868
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The Humber Bridge in England has the world's longest single span, 1410 m. Calculate the change in length of the steel deck of the span when the temperature increases from -5.0 degree C to 18.0 degree C.
Assuming the steel deck has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 12 x 10-6 m/m/°C, the change in length of the steel deck of the span when the temperature increases from -5.0 degree C to 18.0 degree C is 2.16 m. (1410 m x 12 x 10-6 m/m/°C x 23°C = 2.16 m)
Steel is an alloy made of iron and other elements, and is one of the most widely used materials in the world. Steel structures such as bridges are subject to changes in size and shape due to changes in temperature. When steel is exposed to temperatures higher than 0°C, it expands, and when it is exposed to temperatures lower than 0°C, it contracts.
The coefficient of linear thermal expansion is the rate at which the length of an object changes with temperature. This coefficient can vary depending on the type of steel and other factors. For the Humber Bridge, the steel deck of the span has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 12 x 10-6 m/m/°C. Therefore, when the temperature increases from -5.0°C to 18.0°C, the steel deck of the span will expand by 2.16 m.
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How does the number of wavelengths vary with the orbital number of the shell?
a. The number of wavelengths increases corresponding to the orbital number of the shell.
b. The number of wavelengths decreases corresponding to the orbital number of the shell.
c. The number of wavelengths does not change with the orbital number of the shell.
The number of wavelengths increases corresponding to the orbital number of the shell.
The quantum mechanical model of atoms represents the three-dimensional location of the electron in a probabilistic manner using a mathematical function known as a wavefunction, which is sometimes denoted as. Orbitals are another name for atomic wavefunctions. The wavefunction's squared magnitude reflects the probability distribution of locating the electron in a certain region of space. As a result, atomic orbitals characterize the regions of an atom that are most likely to contain electrons. Three quantum numbers characterize an atomic orbital. Any positive integer can be used as the primary quantum number, n. n is connected to the general region for orbital energy value and the average distance of an electron from the nucleus.
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The motion of particles in different states is difficult to observe. A student used computer software to represent the movement of particles in the solid state. Which type of scientific model did the student use
A simulation because it replicates a molecule's internal operation.
What causes the motion of atoms?Heat is the primary source of particle motion on Earth. The temperature of any substance is correlated with the energy of the atoms and molecules that comprise it. Energy is conserved, thus if one particle loses energy, another one acquires it.
What is the name for atomic movement?Translational motion is the term used to describe how an atom may travel from one place in space to another. Additionally, molecules composed of several atoms can vibrate because of chemical bonds, which cause the atoms to move about their equilibrium position like springs.
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Using Newton’s third law, explain why the impulse on one object in a collision is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the impulse on the second object. Answer if yk
Since every action has an equal and opposite response according to Newton's third law of motion, the impulses that colliding objects exert on one another are equal and opposite.
This implies that whenever one item exerts force on another, the other object responds by exerting a force that is equal to and opposite to that exerted by the first object. A collision is a brief interaction between two bodies or more than two bodies at once that results in a change in the motion of the bodies involved due to the internal forces at play. force is involved in collisions (there is a change in velocity ). When two bodies collide, their combined kinetic energy stays constant, which is known as an elastic collision.
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Forces acting upon a 100-kg crate sliding down an inclined plane, the plane is inclined at an angle of 30 The coefficient of friction between the crate and the incline is 0.3. Determine the net force of the crate. Use: g=10m/s, Sin30°=0.5, and Cos30°=0.9 A) 300N B) 200N C) 100N D)230N
Forces acting upon a 100-kg crate which is sliding down an inclined plane, the plane is inclined at an angle of 30 The coefficient of friction between the crate and the incline is 0.3. the net force of the crate is 230N.
What is coefficient of friction ?The amount of friction between two surfaces is measured by the coefficient of friction. You determine the resistance to motion at the intersection of two surfaces made of similar or dissimilar materials when you determine the coefficient of friction.Solution:
Given:
Mass of crate=100kg
Angle of inclination=30°
coefficient of friction=0.3.
Now,
F∥=mgsinθ=(100)(10)0.5=500N is the force acting parallel to the inclined plane.
then,
Normal force= mgcosθ=(100)(10)(0.9)=900N
then, frictional force =
Frictional force=μkF⊥=(0.3)(900)=270N
Finally the net force = F∥-frictional force
the net force =500-270
the net force =230N
Hence, the net force is 230N
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How far from the base of a building must a 25 ft ladder be placed so that it reaches 15 ft up the wall?
Using the Pythagorean theorem, we can determine that the best distance for the ladder is 20 feet away from the base of the building.
The third side of this triangle is unknown, so we will apply the Pythagorean theorem to determine it. There is 25 feet of ladder available, the wall is 15 feet above the ground, the ladder must be at least that high.
In order to calculate the distance between the ladder and the building =
X = √(25^2) - (15^2)
= 20 feet
Thus, the ladder should be placed 20 feet away from the base of the building.
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As a train accelerates away from a station, it reaches a speed of 4.8 m/s in 5.2 s. If the train's acceleration remains constant, what is its speed after an additional 7.0
After another 7.0, its speed is 6.52 m/s. The time it takes a train to accelerate out of a station to 4.8 m/s is 5.2 seconds.
Which speed is it?the rate at which an object's location changes in any direction. Speed is defined as the relationship between a distance and the time it takes to travel that distance. Speed is a scalar quantity because it has no magnitude and only a direction.
The rate at which the velocity of a moving object varies is known as acceleration .To calculate the object's speed at a particular time, we must first calculate the acceleration by dividing the speed by the given time. Here's what we do:
acceleration = 4.8 m/s / 5.2 s = 0.92 m/s^2
To determine the velocity after 7.1 s, we multiply 7.1 s to the acceleration.
speed or velocity = 0.96 x 7.0 = 6.44 m/s
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Sound travels at 343 m/s through dry air.If a lightning bolt strikes the ground 2000 m away from you,How long will it take for the sound to reach you?
The time it takes the sound wave to travel to and fro through 2000 m is 11.66 seconds.
What is sound wave?A sound wave is the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium.
To calculate the time it takes the sound wave to travel, we use the formula below
Formula:
t = 2d/v...................... Equation 1Where:
t = Timed = Distancev = VelocityFrom the question,
d = 2000 mv = 343 m/sSubstitute these values into equation 1
t = (2×2000)/343t = 11.66 secondsThe time it takes is 11.66 seconds.
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For the circuit shown in the figure, what is the current through resistor R1? A) 0.071 A
B) 0.13 A
C) 0.029 A
D) 0.016 A
For the circuit shown in the figure, 0.071 A is the current through resistor R1.
What is circuit ?
Circuit is an electrical network consisting of interconnected components that allow electricity to flow through it. It is used to control, regulate, and direct the flow of electricity in order to perform a specific task. A circuit is composed of wires, resistors, transistors, capacitors, and other components which are connected together in order to form a complete system. This system can be used to control a variety of electrical devices, such as lights, motors, and computers. Circuits can be used to create a wide range of applications, from simple household appliances to complex industrial machines.
The current through R1 can be calculated using Ohm's Law:
I = V/R = (9V)/(120Ω) = 0.075 A
Therefore, the answer is A) 0.071 A.
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Select the correct answer. A van traveling down a slope with a uniform acceleration of 2.15 meters/second2 attains a speed of 20.00 meters/second after 7.00 seconds. What is the initial velocity of the van
Answer:
Initial velocity of the van is 4.95m/s
Explanation:
Acceleration is found using the following formula:
[tex]a=\frac{v-u}{t}[/tex]
where:
a is acceleration ( in meters per second squared)
v is final velocity ( in meters per second)
u is initial velocity ( in meters per second)
t is time ( in seconds)
We know that:
[tex]a = 2.15m/s^{2}[/tex]
[tex]v = 20m/s[/tex]
[tex]t=7s[/tex]
Therefore, we can find the initial velocity by shifting around some values and making [tex]u[/tex] the subject within the acceleration formula by multiplying both sides by [tex]t[/tex]:
[tex]a[/tex] × [tex]t=v-u[/tex]
Followed by:
[tex]u = v-at[/tex]
Now we can substitute in the values we have:
[tex]u = 20-(2.15[/tex] × [tex]7)[/tex]
[tex]u = 20 - 15.05[/tex]
[tex]u=4.95m/s[/tex]
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. steel is an alloy of . one of the main reasons steel is used more widely than iron is because it’s than iron.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. One of the main reasons steel is used more widely than iron is that it’s stronger than iron.
Steel, unlike other forms of iron, is strengthened by the addition of carbon, making it more resistant to fracture. Additional components are possible or even expected. To prevent corrosion and oxidation, stainless steels typically contain an extra 11% chromium. Steel's low price and high tensile strength make it a popular material for many different types of construction, as well as for transportation, manufacturing, and defense. Cast iron is the primary component of steel. It can crystallize in either a body-centered cubic or a face-centered cubic form, depending on the temperature. Steel and cast iron are characterized by a wide variety of properties due to the interaction of iron's various allotropes with the alloying elements, most notably carbon.
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Part A Find the magnitude of the minimum lorce F Ihal allows Ihe window washer t0 move upward Express your answer in terms of the mass M and the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity g
The minimum force that allows the window washer to move upward is Mg. The force is in terms of mass and acceleration due to gravity.
Given:
M = Mass of the window washer
g = Acceleration due to gravity
The forces acting are:
Force due to gravity = M × g
Tension in the rope = Force applied by the washer
The net force is zero. Therefore, the tension is:
T - M × g = 0
T = Mg
Hence, the minimum force that allows the window washer to move upward is Mg. The force is in terms of mass and acceleration due to gravity.
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if energy of 10 watts is transferred into a conatiner of helium, how long does it take to vaporize 1 kg of liquid helium
Consider how much energy is required to melt one kilogram of ice at zero degrees to produce one kilogram of water at zero degrees.
The energy required to melt one kilogram of ice is determined by Q = mLf = (1.0 kg)(334 kJ/kg) = 334 kJ using the equation for a change in temperature and the value for water from Table 1. Water is converted from a liquid to a gas by the process of evaporation, which requires a significant amount of energy. The amount of energy needed to cause the state change is known as the latent heat of vaporization. At 1 atmosphere of pressure, the latent heat of vaporization is 539 calories per gram of water.
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21 An antiaircraft shell is fired vertically upward with a muzzle velocity of 1000 ms-¹. Calculate the maximum height it can attain, the time taken to reach this height, the instantaneous velocities at the ends of 20 sec and 50 sec. d. When will its height be 37.5 km? Interprete your result. Neglect air resistance. a. b. C.
A high diver wants to make sure that she does not move any faster than 32 m/s when she enters the water from a dive. If she leaves the diving board from rest, what is the maximum height the diving board can be above the water (in meters) so that she does not go any faster than 32 m/s
The maximum height the diving board can be above the water is 52.5m, so that she does not go any faster than 32 m/s when she enters the water.
How do you determine the maximum height ?To determine the maximum height the diving board can be above the water, we can use the equation of motion for a freely falling object:
v^2 = u^2 + 2as
where
v = final velocity (32 m/s)
u = initial velocity (0 m/s)
a = acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s^2)
s = distance fallen (height of diving board above water)
We can rearrange the equation to find the distance fallen (s)
s = v^2/(-2a) - u^2/2a
substituting the values
s = 32^2/(-2*(-9.8)) = 32^2/19.6 = (1024/19.6) = 52.5 m
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Two negative charges of 42 nC are separated by 46 cm. What is the magnitude of the force acting on each object?
The magnitude of the force acting on each object is equal to 3.87 x 10-8 N.
The magnitude of the force acting on each object can be calculated using Coulomb's law, which states that the electrostatic force (F) between two point objects with charges (q1 and q2) is equal to the product of the electric constant (k) and the product of the charges divided by the square of the distance (r) between them.
Thus, the formula for calculating the force is F = k(q1q2)/r2. In this case, the charges are both -42 nC, and the distance is 0.46 m. The electric constant is 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2. Thus, the magnitude of the force acting on each object is equal to 3.87 x 10-8 N
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Lenz's Law The magnetic flux through the loop shown in the accompanying figure varies with time according to4Pm milliwebers. What are the direction and magnitude of the current through the 5.00-Ω resistor at (a) t = 0 ; (b) =2.00e-31 sin( 120m), where Pm is '' ' ' t= 2.17×10-2 s, and (c) t=3.00 s? 5.0 Ω
At t = 0, the current through the 5.00-Ω resistor is 0 A. At t = 2.17×10-2 s, the current through the resistor is -2.2 A, flowing in the opposite direction to the arrow .
(a) At t = 0, the current through the resistor is 0 A.
(b) At t = 2.17×10-2 s, the current through the resistor is -2.2 A. The negative sign indicates that the current is flowing in the opposite direction to the arrow
(c) At t = 3.00 s, the current through the resistor is 0 A.
At t = 0, the current through the 5.00-Ω resistor is 0 A. At t = 2.17×10-2 s, the current through the resistor is -2.2 A, flowing in the opposite direction to the arrow.At t = 3.00 s, the current through the resistor is 0 A.
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an astronomer observes a magnitude 18 star, but needs 10 times as many. what's the faintest star he can see and still get enough photons.
As according Scientific American, even one photon can result in a visible burst of light.
How so many photons are necessary for you to see a star?The human eye can see about 10 photons.To an eye accustomed to the dark, the weak light may appear to be flashing, yet each twinkling just represents a few photons.When shooting images of the cosmos from orbit with very sensitive equipment at very low temperatures, a photon stream would be sufficient.
Can you see a single photon?The answer is yes because the receptors in the retina can respond to a single photon.However, brain filters only allow a signal to pass through and activate the brain when five to nine additional signals do the same in less than a hundred milliseconds.
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A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill the heavy truck has greater
acceleration.
speed.
momentum.
all of the above
none of the above
Correct option is A, A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill the heavy truck has greater acceleration.
Momentum and mass are directly proportional in direction. This is so because mass times velocity make up the equation for momentum. Another way to express this is as p = m*v, where p stands for momentum, m for mass, and v for velocity. As a result, momentum doubles if mass is increased by a factor of two but velocity remains constant.
p = m v . The equation demonstrates that momentum is directly related to an object's mass (m) and velocity (v). As a result, an object's momentum increases with increasing mass or velocity. The momentum of a large, swift object is larger than that of a small, slower object.
The definition of momentum is "mass in motion." Since every item has mass, if it is moving, it must have momentum because its mass is in motion. The amount of motion and the speed of the motion are the two factors that determine how much momentum an item possesses.
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While vacationing in the mountains you do some hiking. In the morning, your displacement is S⃗ morning= (2100 m , east) + (3000 m north) + (200 m , vertical). Continuing on your hike after lunch, your displacement is S⃗ afternoon= (1400 m , west) + (2900 m , north) - (400 m , vertical). What is the magnitude of your net displacement for the day?
The magnitude of the net displacement for the day depends on the total distance traveled and the direction in which traveled.
What do you mean by Magnitude?
Magnitude is a measure of the size or intensity of a physical quantity. It is typically expressed in terms of a numerical value and a unit. Examples of physical quantities with magnitude include speed, acceleration, force, energy, pressure, and power. Magnitude is a measure of the size or intensity of a physical quantity, and is typically expressed in terms of a numerical value and a unit.
Step 1: Find the resultant displacement vector by adding the vectors.
S total = S morning + S afternoon
= (2100 m , east) + (3000 m north) + (200 m , vertical) + (1400 m , west) + (2900 m , north) - (400 m , vertical)
Step 2: Simplify the vector.
S total = (700 m , east) + (5900 m , north) - (200 m , vertical)
Step 3: Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector.
|S total | = √(700 m)^2 + (5900 m)^2 + (-200 m)^2
|S total | = √(490000 m^2 + 348400 m^2 + 40000 m^2)
|S total | = √(882400 m^2)
|S total | = 939.4 m
Hence, the magnitude of the net displacement is 939.4 m.
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A car moving with an initial speed v collides with a stationary car that is one- half as massive. After the collision, the first car moves moves in the same direction as before with the speed v/3. a) Find the final speed of the second car b) What type of collision is it (elastic or inelastic)
The final speed of the second car is '2v' and the collision is elastic collision.
What exactly are elastic collisions?The elastic collision is one in which the system does not experience a net loss of kinetic energy as the result of a collision. In elastic collisions, momentum & kinetic energy are both conserved.
v′ = m1v1 + m2v2 /m1+m2
v ′ = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2/ m 1 + m 2
in which m1 is mass of body 1, v1 is its initial speed, m2 is mass of body 2, & v2 is the final speed at which the two objects will be moving after colliding.
m1v +0 = mv/3 +m/3v2
v2 = 2v
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An ideal gas expands through an adiabatic process. Which of the following statements is/are true?
a) The work done by the gas is negative, and heat must be added to the system.
b) The work done by the gas is positive, and no heat exchange occurs.
c) The internal energy of the system has increased.
d) The internal energy of the system has decreased.
The work done by the gas is positive, and no heat exchange occurs. The internal energy of the system has increased.
An adiabatic process is a process in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. Therefore, there is no heat added or removed from the system and the work done by the gas is positive. Since no energy is exchanged with the surroundings, the internal energy of the system will increase, since work must be done to expand the gas.The work done by the gas is positive, and no heat exchange occurs.The internal energy of the system has increased.
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1. What are the criteria for accepting a theory as a physical law?
A theory must meet certain requirements in order to be accepted as a physical law , 1. It must explain the available data 2. It need to offer hypotheses that can be verified by science.
A physical law outlines the broad relationships between and, when necessary, changes in the physical quantities that define the states of a physical system. Typically, this is described mathematically. These laws are also known as natural laws or are associated with them in the physical realm. A physical law applies with a very high probability when it falls within its scope of applicability. Physical experiments and observations that are specifically focused are used to test this validity range. The law is established if the outcomes match the predictions.
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