what are the two main goals in microeconomics? (see lecture 1.)

A business model explains the logic behind how a company develops, delivers, and captures value.

How should logic be understood?

I don't see the logic in his argument, especially one that is logical and founded on sound judgement. Simply put, if prices increase, wages must follow suit. Inference-drawing is a key component of logic, the study of sound reasoning. About 335 BC, the father of logic Aristotle was the first to describe it. - India was the independent birthplace of formal logic, which persisted there until the early modern era. Medhatithi Gautama gave it a start in the sixth century BC. The ability to reason logically requires the observation, analysis, and interpretation of phenomena, responses, and feedback. 1 The information they obtain can be used to support their tactics, choices, and judgements.

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The business model describes the rationale of how the organization creates, delivers, and captures value.

The phrase "business model" describes a company's strategy for turning a profit. It lists the goods or services the company intends to offer, its chosen target clientele, and any budgeted costs. Business models are critical for both new and current businesses. A business model explains how an organization creates, transmits, and collects value in economic, social, cultural, and other contexts.

It is a part of business strategy and is known as "business model innovation" to refer to the process of developing and altering a business model. As there are many kinds of businesses, there are different kinds of business models. Traditional business methods include, for instance, direct sales, franchising, advertising-based businesses, and brick-and-mortar stores.

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Yes, Meta has delayed setting team budgets as it planned a fresh round of job cuts

The software giant is not allocating team funding, and there is also a lack of clarity on other important issues from the company side, claims a Financial Times report quoting two Meta employees. Workers also expressed concern that their work was being hampered by their supervisors' inability to plan how to divide duties. Over 11,000 employees, or nearly 12 percent of Meta's staff, were let go in November.

The firm would like to get its costs under control, according to The CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who stated earlier this month that 2023 should be "the year of efficiency." Also, the business stated that it anticipates its 2023 expenses to range between $90 billion and $95 billion. According to the source, Meta will likely carry out its plan for this new round of layoffs in or around March, adding that the business is now reviewing employee performance.

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James P. Morgan dominated the banking and finance industry so option A is the correct answer.

James P. Morgan was an American banker who was known for his contribution to the economic growth of America during the industrial revolution. He was the founder of J.P Morgan & Co., which is one of the most powerful banking firms in the world.

Morgan is known for his expertise in rescuing businesses that are in bad shape during the crisis in America. His contribution to the railroad system of America cannot be ignored. He also takes a major part in the establishment of major organizations such as General Electric.

In summary, he made a significant contribution to the overall economic development of America during the industrial time.

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Businesses have a social responsibility to their stakeholders to adopt policies that lessen negative effects on society and the environment while promoting their well-being.

In order to be socially responsible, a company must act in a way that benefits society as a whole as well as its shareholders. Investors and consumers who seek investments that not only are profitable but also contribute to the welfare of society and the environment place a growing emphasis on social responsibility.

Companies can behave responsibly in a variety of ways, including encouraging volunteerism, enacting environmental improvements, using ethical labor practices, and making charitable contributions.

Growing consumer demand for the goods and services provided by socially responsible companies has an impact on their profitability. Critics claim that engaging in social responsibility goes against the very purpose of businesses.

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There are many differences between Income Tax and Excise Duty. Some of them are mentioned below:

Income Tax:

Definition: The personal income of people is subject to income tax.

Type of form: This kind of tax is a direct tax.

Source: Individual income sources include earnings, salaries, and pensions.

Charged on: Only individuals who earn more than a particular amount are subject to paying income tax.

Charged as a: A proportion of the money earned is what is charged.

Proportion: A bigger percentage of income must be paid in taxes by those with higher incomes.

Excise Duty:

Definition: Products manufactured or created in factories are subject to excise tax.

Type of form: This type of tax is an indirect tax.

Source: The price of the items that the factory owners sell includes the taxes they have to pay.

Charged on: Excise duty is levied on all industrial items.

Charged as a: This is billed directly from the factory, but in reality, the tax is passed through to the customers.

Proportion: Taxing certain commodities more than others boosts prices overall even if all taxes on goods increase the price.

The best strategy for paying your credit card bill is to pay it off in full and on time every month.

This means that you should aim to pay the full balance of your credit card bill by the due date each month to avoid accruing interest charges and late fees.

If you are unable to pay off your credit card balance in full, you should aim to pay more than the minimum payment required. This will help you to pay down your balance more quickly and reduce the amount of interest that accrues over time.

It's also a good idea to keep track of your credit card spending and budget accordingly to ensure that you can afford to make your payments on time each month. Consider setting up stakeholders automatic payments or reminders to help you stay on track.

Finally, if you are struggling to pay your credit card bill or manage your debt, consider reaching out to a credit counseling service or a financial advisor for guidance and support. They can help you develop a plan to pay down your debt and improve your overall financial health.

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A new firm founder who is an entrepreneur is not seen as a manager. false

Managers are responsible for defining and achieving the company's goals as well as carrying out tasks efficiently with and via the assistance of other people. They do this by using the four main management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. A manager is someone who "manages" a company by taking charge of a particular department. A department's boss may have control over the workers in that division. On rare occasions, the manager may be in charge of the entire business. . The daily responsibilities of these positions vary, but so do their overall responsibilities within the organisation and the types of employees they are responsible for managing.

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Discontinued operations are documented in a distinct line item on the income statement and are not counted as continuing operational activity.

When a business shuts down an operation and sells the discontinued operation, the transactions should be recorded as a gain or loss on disposal and reported as a prior period adjustment on the income statement. Discontinued operations must be listed as a line item following gross income, and the associated tax must be included in income tax cost.

The income statement's discontinued operations part includes both the gain or loss from operating the discontinued component, net of the impact of taxes, as well as the gain or loss from selling the discontinued component, net of the impact of taxes.

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The ways in which the sport business industry's history By studying the development of an effective sport company, such as A.G. Spalding and Brothers, management.

Executive can see what the company did to perform better than the competition. Vertical integration, diversification, and trials in product and service marketing were a few of Spalding and Brothers' business' key traits. The process of a corporation expanding by going ahead or backward within an industry; expansion along a product or service value chain is known as vertical integration.

The process of broadening a business's product offerings involves adding new products to the existing product mix. A business can experience significant success by growing and diversifying the things it sells.

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Even though the rents can be higher, an end or corner location is generally better. - True

Businesses that depend on foot traffic may do better on an end or corner site since they are more accessible to and visible to pedestrians. Cafes, shops, and restaurants that operate in the retail or hospitality industries might gain a lot from using this strategy.

Conversely, a position further from the corner can be more suitable for firms that rely more on automobile traffic or have a larger parking lot. In addition to this, the total rent for an end or corner location could be more expensive than for a spot further down the block, which might not be an option for many businesses, especially those with few resources.

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Both task order and process systems are frequently connected with direct supplies, direct labor, and overhead costs.

Process costing and task order costing, respectively, keep production overhead, direct labor costs, and costs of direct materials under check. The production process is unaffected by the costing methodology. The decision on the costing approach is influenced by the production process.

In job costing, the cost is calculated following the completion of the project. Yet with process costing, each job's cost is determined. Job costing is used when creating unique items, and process costing is used when creating products that are all the same.

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After-tax cash flow is a financial metric that represents the amount of cash that a business or individual has left over after all tax obligations have been met.

It's a critical measure of financial health and represents the amount of money that is available for reinvestment, savings, or other expenses.

To calculate after-tax cash flow, you start with your gross income, which is your total income before taxes are deducted. Then, you deduct all of your tax obligations, including federal and state income taxes, Social Security and Medicare taxes, and any other applicable taxes. The amount that is left over is your after-tax cash flow.

After-tax cash flow is a critical metric for individuals and businesses when making financial decisions. It helps you understand your financial capacity to invest in new opportunities, pay off debt, or save for the future.

A positive after-tax cash flow indicates that you have the financial flexibility to meet your obligations and pursue new opportunities, while a negative after-tax cash flow can indicate financial stress and the need to adjust your financial plans.

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(a) To establish whether the company's pricing should be raised, lowered, or held constant, we must compute the price elasticity of demand. The price elasticity of demand (E) is computed by dividing.

The percentage change in demand by the percentage change in price. Considering the company's estimate of a constant elasticity of demand of 2.0, we may deduce: E = (percentage change in amount requested) / (percentage change in price) = -2 To find the percentage change in price that maximizes revenue, we can set the revenue derivative with regard to price to zero: (P - MC) * (Q / (Q - EP2)) + (Q / (Q - EP2)) * (-2EP) = 0 where R denotes revenue, P denotes price, MC is marginal cost per MB, and Q denotes quantity requested. Making it easier to understand equation, we obtain: 2EP / (Q - EP2) = (P - MC) / (Q - EP2) When we plug in the values, we get: (0.08 - 0.005) / (200,000,000 - 22P^2) = 0.32P / (200,000,000 - 22P^2) When we solve for P, we get: P = $0.086 per megabyte We can observe that the corporation should boost its pricing because the present price is $0.08 per MB and the optimum price is $0.086 per MB. (b) The following calculation may be used to compute the additional profit that the firm can earn by appropriately altering the price: The following are some examples of what I mean (Optimized revenue - Current revenue) - (Marginal cost per MB multiplied by additional quantity sold) Revenue optimized = $0.086 * (200,000,000 / (1 + 2*(0.086)2)) = $7,313,727.13 Current income = $0.08 multiplied by 200,000,000 = $16,000,000 (Optimized revenue - Current revenue) / $0.08 = 291,659,088 MB Extra amount sold When we plug in the values, we get: Profit increase = ($7,313,727.13 - $16,000,000).

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Descriptive analytics tells you what happened in the past and Predictive analytics predicts what is most likely to happen in the future.

Descriptive Analytics will help an organization to know what has happened in the past, it would give you the past analytics using the data that are stored. For a company, it is necessary to know the past events that help them to make decisions based on the statistics using historical data.

Predictive analytics is forecasting the probability of a future event, such as predicting product demand, customer churn, employee turnover, loan defaults, stock market fluctuations and fraud. Having this information ahead of time helps organizations prepare better. It show us what could happen.

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Customer observation, focus groups, interviews, and surveys are the four most popular types of market research procedures.

Examine the rivalry.

receive feedback from customers.

investigate keywords

Learn about shopper trends.

Take advantage of social media.

Try out your offerings.

using interviews, customer surveys, and feedback to perform your own research.

analyzing your own company's performance based on prior sales, returns of goods, and repeat customers.

gathering information about market and industry trends.

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You oversee operations at a neighborhood automatic car wash. Nearby car washes include a number of others that provide the same service. You charge $15 for each vehicle wash, which is also your marginal cost per wash, along with your local rivals. If you set your price to $20, your profits will increase.

The decision to increase the price to $20 will ultimately depend on how the other car washes in the area respond. If they match your price, then you will benefit from the increased revenues without sacrificing any of your customers.

However, if they do not match your price, then you risk losing customers to the competitors who are still offering the same service at a lower price.

Furthermore, if the other car washes in the area also raise their prices in response to your increase, then the cost of car washes in the area may be too high and you may lose customers who are unwilling or unable to pay the higher price.

In short, increasing your price to $20 may result in increased profits, but you must be aware of the potential risks associated with such a change and weigh them against the potential benefit of increased profits.

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The complete question is:

You are the general manager of a local automated car wash. There are several other car washes clos to yours and all offer the same service. You and your competitors in the area charge $15 per car wash, which is also your marginal cost per wash. If you set your price to $20, your profits will_________.

The major classifications of basic manufacturing processes are casting, machining, joining etc.

The major classifications of basic manufacturing processes can be noted as -

Casting - In this procedure, molten metal, plastic, or other materials are poured into a mould or dye. As the substance hardens, it conforms to the contour of the mould to create a solid object. Various items like engine blocks, pipelines, and decorative pieces, are crafted using casting.

Machining - In order to achieve a desired physical form, particular materials are eliminated from a workpiece during machining procedures. The machining operations milling, drilling, turning, and grinding are frequently utilized. Precision components and parts for a variety of items, including engines, electronics, and medical equipment, are produced using machining.

Joining - In these processes, two or more substances are joined to produce a single item. It takes into account the techniques of brazing, welding etc. Metals are joined by welding, whereas a variety of materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics, are joined by brazing and soldering.

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The number of businesses a seller must negotiate with in order to deliver its goods to the client determines the complexity of a global distribution channel.

With the help of multiple transportation systems, wholesalers, exporters, and importers, global distribution networks create intricate value chains. The complexity of a channel is determined by the number of businesses the seller must interact with in order to deliver its goods to the customer.

Other factors, such as the size of the market, the geographic concentration of buyers, the quantity sought, etc., all have an impact on the choice between the channels. If potential clients are concentrated in a small geographic area, shorter channels could be used.

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The Colorado Civil Rights Commission is a state agency responsible for enforcing anti-discrimination laws in Colorado.  It also provides education and outreach programs to prevent discrimination and promote equal treatment under the law.

In Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 4, 2018, that the Colorado Civil Rights Commission's decision against the owner of Masterpiece Cakeshop, who refused to create a wedding cake for a same-sex couple based on his religious beliefs, violated the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. The Court's decision was based on narrow grounds, focusing on the Commission's alleged hostility towards the baker's religious beliefs and failure to provide a neutral and respectful consideration of his case. The Court did not reach the broader question of whether the First Amendment protects a business owner's right to refuse service to customers based on their sexual orientation.

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Option a: The largest share of total production in the United States is consumption goods and services.

Consumer goods and services refer to goods and services used to meet people's daily needs, such as: B. Food, clothing, housing, medical care, transportation, entertainment.

A large portion, or about two-thirds of total US production, consists of goods and services used for personal consumption.

This is because the needs of American citizens drive much of the country's productivity.

But the United States consumes more goods and services than any other country in the world, and the majority of its production.

Therefore, consumer goods and services make up the majority of total US production.  

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If the executor makes the proper selection, a QTIP trust is eligible for the marriage deduction.

For transfers made to a spouse during life or at death, the marital deduction provides an unlimited estate and gift tax deduction. For instance, there would be no estate tax due if a person left their whole fortune to their surviving spouse through a will. Family units might save money on estate and gift taxes by utilizing the marital deduction. The estate of the first spouse to pass away can totally avoid estate tax on property that qualifies for the marital deduction. Both the property and the transfer must adhere to the rules for the marital deduction in order to qualify for the deduction.

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‘The sarbanes-oxley act applies to all companies required to file their financial statements with the sec. True

The U.S. Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on July 30 of that year in an effort to safeguard investors from misleading financial reporting by businesses.

Also referred to as the SOX Act of 2002, it required stringent updates to current securities laws and placed severe new penalties on offenders.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was passed in reaction to early 2000s financial scandals involving publicly traded businesses like WorldCom, Tyco International plc, and Enron Corporation.

The high-profile frauds undermined investor faith in the reliability of corporate financial statements and prompted many to call for an update to long-standing regulation standards.

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This is an overdraft. An overdraft is a cheque that is paid by a bank when the checking account on which it is written does not have enough money to cover it.

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Option A is correct. Assume a country increased its savings rate. The following measures would eventually increase the country's revenue and worker productivity Level.

A greater amount of savings leads to a higher stable capital stock as well as level of output. As production shifts from a decrease to an increase in the steady-state level, the rate of growth briefly increases. By certain extra recent growth theories, a rise in the interest rate could how much the economic growth rate. The saving rate boosts the economy in the short term, yet has no long-term impact. With increasing s, the stable capital/labor ratio k rises. As a result, the average steady-state output for each individual rises.

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Australia is most attractive for entrepreneurial ventures.

Notwithstanding the fact that this research covers the environment prior to COVID-19, it raises significant issues regarding how Australians view and handle entrepreneurship, which will be crucial in the coming months as the world enters a worldwide economic crisis. The expansion of new businesses to a worldwide level is crucial for the growth of Australia's entrepreneurial ecosystems. Despite having a very high percentage of small enterprises, Australia lags behind the US in terms of both entrepreneurial activity and attitudes. Australians are about half as likely as Americans to be beginning a business right now, to know someone who has started a business in the recent two years, to recognize business prospects, and to take advantage of lucrative chances when they are discovered.

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The most expensive option is which is from an automobile dealer.

Based on a dealership agreement with an automaker, the car dealer sells new or used cars at the retail level.

Repair services refer to the process of returning equipment to its pre-failure state as needed, as specified by the facility in response to said equipment's failure or malfunction. In addition to repairs, there may be servicing, reconditioning, modifying, and refurbishing involved.

So, the essential distinction between repair and maintenance or service is that a repair corrects an issue with the vehicle, whereas maintenance ensures continued smooth operation.

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As utilising a credit card for a cash advance can result in excessive interest rates and debt accumulation, I would advise against doing so. Similarly, lowering expectations or the deadline can help you achieve your goals.

1Make a budget and follow it. Budgeting is not only one of the most popular financial resolutions made each year, but it also serves as the base for all other financial objectives. Making progress with your money is possible with a budget.

Your immediate objectives should be to create a budget, pay down debt, and develop an emergency fund.

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Amortization is always calculated using Straight Line method. So the option a is correct.

Amortization is the process of gradually paying off a debt with regular payments over a period of time. It typically involves a loan or other debt instrument, such as a mortgage or credit card balance.

The most commonly used method for calculating amortization is the Straight Line Method. This method takes into account the total cost of the asset, the expected useful life of the asset, and any salvage value. So the option a is correct.

It assumes that the asset will be used for the same length of time and that the amount of depreciation taken each year is equal. The formula for calculating Straight Line Amortization is:

Annual Amortization Amount = (Total Cost of Asset – Salvage Value) ÷ Useful Life of Asset

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A unit investment trust (UIT) is a kind of investment vehicle that combines funds from numerous investors to buy a set portfolio of income-producing securities, such as stocks, bonds etc.

Some of the main characteristics of a Unit Investment Trust are:

1.Fixed Portfolio: A UIT has a fixed portfolio of securities that is decided upon at the start and remains constant throughout the trust's existence, with a few rare exceptions.

2. Limited Duration: A UIT has a predetermined timeframe that is determined at the beginning and can be anything between a few months and many years. The trust will be dissolved after this time and the investors will receive the proceeds of the sale of the underlying securities.

3. Passive Management: UITs are frequently managed in a passive manner, which means that the securities in the trust's portfolio aren't actively traded or adjusted but rather are kept in place for the duration of the trust.

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