What are the types of chemical bonds? Describe each.​

Geologists use rock samples including sedimentary rocks as direct evidence and seismic waves as indirect evidence.

They are the types of rocks which are formed as a result of accumulation of minerals or organic particles at the surface of the earth.Sedimentation is the name given to a collective process which cause the particles to settle.

The study of sedimentary rocks is useful in civil engineering and as important sources of coal, fossil fuels and ores.The color of sedimentary rock is often determined by iron content and sometimes due to the presence of organic matter.

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The molarity of NaCl in enough water is 0.582[tex]\frac{mol}{mL}[/tex]

The moles of NaCl is given which is 0.23 and NaCl is dissolved in enough water which makes the solution of 395.6 mL.

The total number of moles of solute present in a given solution per litre is known as its molarity. In contrast to mass, which varies as the system's physical circumstances vary, the volume of a solution changes as a function of changes in the system's physical qualities, such as pressure and temperature. This has an impact on the molality of the solution. The symbol M, sometimes known as a molar, denotes molarity. A solution is considered to be one molar when one gram of the solute dissolves in one litre of the solution.

So, the molarity= [tex]\frac{totalnumber of moles}{total volume }[/tex]

molarity=[tex]\frac{0.23}{0.395}[/tex]

molarity=0.582[tex]\frac{mol}{mL}[/tex]

Hence, the molarity is 0.582.

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Energy released in the reaction in which a proton fuses with a neutron to form a deuterium nucleus is calculated as 2.234 MeV.

In fusion reaction, two light nuclei merge to form single heavier nucleus. The process releases energy because total mass of the resulting single nucleus is less than the mass of two original nuclei. And the leftover mass becomes energy.

form a deuterium nucleus: 1^1H+0^1n⟶1^2H+γ The masses are 1^1H(1.0078u) 0^1n(1.0087u) and 1^2H(2.0141u) the γ -ray photon is massless.

Δm= 1.0078 +1.0087- 2.0141

Energy released = 2.4*10^-3 * 931 MeV

= 2.234 MeV

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Lystrosaurus and Glossopteris are two pieces of fossil evidence support the idea of continental drift.

One of the geologist's first theories about how continents moved over time was continental drift.  The science of plate tectonics has been largely supplanted the hypothesis of the continental drift. Alfred Wegener has been most closely associated with the continental drift idea. Wegener released a paper in the early twentieth century describing his notion that continental landmasses were "drifting" across the Earth, occasionally ploughing through seas and into one other. He developed the term "continental drift" to describe this process.

Wegener found similarities in the coasts of eastern South America as western Africa and hypothesised that those countries had originally been part of a supercontinent called Pangaea, which had separated and travelled many kilometres away over geologic time. He also mentioned nearly comparable fossil creatures and rock layers that happened on vastly different continents. Colbert discovered Lystrosaurus fossils in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. Such fossils belonged to something like a species previously discovered in Africa, proving that the world's two most distant continents were formerly linked.

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Answer: C. Lystrosaurus and Glossopteris

Explanation:

The pH of the final solution will be less than 7, but closer to 7 if the initial concentration of sodium acetate is high and the concentration of HCl is low.

The pH of a solution after a reaction with a strong acid like HCl will depend on the concentration of the acid and the concentration of the acetate ions (CH3COO-) in the sodium acetate solution. Sodium acetate (CH3COONa) is a weak base, and when it reacts with HCl, it forms acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The equation for this reaction is: CH3COONa + HCl → CH3COOH + NaClThe pH of a solution is a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) in the solution, so the pH of the solution after the reaction will depend on the concentration of H3O+ ions and the concentration of acetate ions. If the reaction is done in aqueous solution, the acetic acid formed will dissociate to form H3O+ and acetate ions. The acetate ions will neutralize some of the H3O+ ions, thus decreasing the overall acidity of the solution. The pH of the final solution will be less than 7, but closer to 7 if the initial concentration of sodium acetate is high and the concentration of HCl is low. It's important to note that without knowing the initial concentration of sodium acetate and the volume of the solutions it is not possible to determine the final pH.

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Answer:

Therefore, there are 4.47 moles of propane present at STP in a volume of 65.0 L

Explanation:

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of propane present at STP. At STP, the temperature is 273 K and the pressure is 1 atm.

Using the Ideal Gas Law, we can calculate the number of moles of propane present in the given volume.

PV = nRT

n = 4.47 mol

Therefore, there are 4.47 moles of propane present at STP in a volume of 65.0 L

The Kp of the reaction as it has been shown is 2.9 × 10^3 Option A

We know that the equilibrium constant is the constant that has to do with the ease with which the reactants that are in the system can be converted into the products. In this case we have been given the reaction equation as it has been shown in the question.

Let us all now bear in mind that the reaction ghat we have here is a gas phase reaction and since the reaction is a gas phase reaction the equilibrium constanta that has been given as K can also be written in terms of the partial pressures of the gasses that are present in the system and this ius the bed rock of the answer that we woulod give above. The Kp can now be written as a scientific notation as shown above.

Then;

kp = Kc/(RT)^∆n

Kp = equilibrium constant using pressure

Kc = equilibrium constant using concentration

R = gas constant

T = temperature

n= difference in number of moles

Kp = 0.31/(0.082 × 1173)^-2

Kp = 2.9 × 10^3

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The two quantities in this module for which we will develop unit factors to do dimensional analysis with chemical substances are mass and volume.

Chemical substances are any material made up of atoms and molecules that have distinct chemical properties. They include elements, compounds, and mixtures of elements and compounds. Chemical substances are the building blocks of all matter, from the atoms and molecules that make up the smallest particles to the complex structures of living organisms. Chemical substances can exist in various states, such as solid, liquid, and gas, and can react with other substances to form new compounds or break down into simpler substances. Chemical substances are important in many areas of science, including chemistry, biology, geology, and physics.

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1,3-dichloro-2-butene and 1,1-dichloro-1-butene.Geometrical isomerism, also known as cis-trans isomerism, occurs when a molecule has two or more  structural isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement of the atoms.

Cis-trans isomerism is only possible when the molecule has at least one carbon-carbon double bond. In this type of isomerism, the two isomers differ in the orientation of the substituent groups around the double bond.  1,3-dichloro-2-butene and 1,1-dichloro-1-butene both contain a carbon-carbon double bond and are therefore capable of geometrical isomerism. 1,4-dichlorobenzene does not contain a carbon-carbon double bond and therefore is not capable of geometrical isomerism. 4,5-dimethyl-2-pentyne also does not contain a carbon-carbon double bond and is therefore not capable of geometrical isomerism.

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0.5 moles are present in 20 grams of calcium.

The mole, which is denoted by the symbol "mol," is the volume of a system that includes as many elementary particles as there are atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon 12.

The number of atoms, molecules, or ions that make up one mole of a substance is 6.022 × 10²³ . The term "Avogadro's number" or "Avogadro's constant" refers to the number 6.022 × 10²³

Atomic Mass of Calcium = 40u

(Atomic Mass is same as Molar Mass, so)

Molar Mass of Calcium = 40g

Formula to find number of moles

Number of Moles = given mass / molar mass

                                = 20 / 40   = 0.5 moles

Therefore, 0.5 moles are present in 20 grams of calcium.

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The complete question is

How many moles are there in 20 g of calcium

The planes of cleavage that the mineral have is 1 as the mineral name is Muscovite mica.

The crystal lattice structure of a mineral affects its propensity to split or break along flat planar faces, or cleavage. These 2D surfaces, also known as cleavage planes, are produced by the alignment of atoms in the crystal structure or lattice through relatively weak connections.

The mineral depicted in the image is called "Muscovite mica," and it has layers that seem like flat sheets. Muscovite mica is far more likely to break along the layers because it only has weakly bonded potassium ions. There is just one ideal cleavage plane as a result. This cleavage is evident in the capacity to peel mica sheets.

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The percent yield for the reaction in this example is 100%, which is equal to the theoretical yield of NaBr from 2.36 mol FeBr3 of 7.08 mol NaBr.

The lesser amount, or 13.7 g NaBr, represents the potential yield. 15.45 grams of NaBr can never be produced because after 13.7 grams of NaBr are created, the reaction runs out of NaI and stops generating NaBr product. As the limiting reactant, NaI is well-known.

The final answer is expressed in percent by dividing the experimental yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying the result by 100. In general, the percent yield value is less than 100%,

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Answer: 87%.

Explanation:

Answer:

30.5%

Explanation:

The dz2 and the dx2-y2 orbitals have lobes that point directly at the ligands in a square-planar crystal field in d orbitals.

The d orbitals are a set of atomic orbitals found in the second energy level (n = 2) of an atom. They have a higher energy than the s and p orbitals in the first energy level (n = 1), and are represented by the letters d, dx, dy, dz and dxy, dxz and dyz.The d orbitals are composed of four orbitals which are degenerate (having the same energy) in an isolated atom. But when an atom is in a compound, the d-orbitals split into different energy levels due to the influence of the electrostatic forces of the neighboring atoms. This is called the crystal field splitting, which depends on the symmetry of the crystal and the coordination number of the central atom.

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Density is an intensive property as it does not depend on the quantity of the substances Whereas mass and volume are extensive property. Therefore, 0.630 is the gram molecular mass of this gas.

Density tells about the compactness of the substances, how much dense is the substances in other words. Object that is more denser than water they just sink in the water.

Mathematically,

Density = Mass of the gas ÷volume marked on the graduated cylinder

density= 0.630 grams per liter

means 0.630 grams of an unknown gas is present in 1 liter of solution

Therefore, 0.630 is the gram molecular mass of this gas.

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Equilibrium constant K= 44.8 for H₂ + I₂ → 2HI Equimolar reactants, HI = 0.50M, H₂ = 5.6×10⁻³ M. The correct option is e.

given equilibrium constant (K) and the equilibrium concentration of the product HI = 0.50M

balanced equation for the reaction

H₂ + I₂ → 2HI

K =[tex]\frac{HI^{2} }{[H_{2][I_{2}] } }[/tex]

K=44.8 and [HI]=0.50M

[H₂] = [tex]\frac{[HI]^{2} }{K}[/tex]

[H₂] =[tex]\frac{(0.50M)^{2} }{44.8}[/tex]

[H₂] ≈0.0056M

equilibrium concentration of hydrogen is 0.0056M sa per the given reaction.

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The amide group in salicylamide is electron withdrawing, the hydroxyl group on the ring is a highly active, electron donating substituent. The hydroxyl group donates electrons, guided entry iodide to a para position.

A substituent is an atom that are substituted for an atom here on parent chain of such a hydrocarbon in both chemistry and biochemistry constituting a moiety of the resulting new molecule.

Alkyl groups are substitutes created from alkanes. The names of alkyl groups and unbranched alkane chains are similar. Alkyl groups may branch as well. For instance, the butyl substituent has three constitutional isomers.

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V2 = 2.499 2.5 L is the sample's volume when its temperature is raised to 30 °C and its pressure is lowered to 90 kilopascals.

What does the word "volume" actually mean?

The volume of an item is the space occupied inside its three-dimensional boundaries. A other word for it is the object's capacity.

What is the volume of the liquid?

The volume of liquid measured in a vessel's standard units is known as the liquid measurement. Infant milk bottle with milliliter measurement indications and juice bottle with a 1 liter capacity are two examples of vessels that have a "capacity" or "volume."

As,

Gas constant R is constant, so, Ideal gas equation can be written as,

                                        P₁ V₁ / T₁  =  P₂ V₂ / T₂

Solving for V₂,

                                          V₂  =  (P₁ × V₁ × T₂) ÷ (T₁ × P₂)

Putting Values,

                             V₂  =  (101.325 KPa × 2 L × 303 K) ÷ (273 K × 90 KPa)

                             V₂  =  61402.95 ÷ 24570

                             V₂  =  2.499 ≈ 2.5 L

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A molecule's core atom experiences sp orbital hybridization. Around this primary atom, the geometry of the electron domain is linear.

In chemistry, hybridization is the idea of combining two atomic orbitals to create a new class of hybridized orbitals. Usually, this mixing creates hybrid orbitals with completely distinct energies, forms, etc. In hybridization, the same energy-level atomic orbitals are primarily involved. However, assuming they contain equal energy, both fully-filled and half-filled orbitals can participate in this process.

When two atomic orbitals unite to generate a hybrid orbital in a molecule, the energy of the orbitals of the individual atoms is redistributed to give orbitals of equivalent energy. Hybridization is the name given to this process. Atomic orbitals with similar points are brought together during the hybridization process.

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Propane gas (C3H8) is ignited. Type of reaction combustion ignition.

[tex]C_3H_8(g)+5O_2(g) < = > 3CO_2(g)+4H_2O(l)[/tex] Balanced chemical equation.

A chemical equation is said to be balanced if the quantity of each type of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and product sides. In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the change are both equal.

The parent chain is the longest chain of carbon atoms that contains the double bond. Its name has the same stem as an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms, but it is designated as an alkene by adding the suffix -ene. Propene is the resultant chemical, CH2=CHCH3.

In accordance with the Law of Conservation of Mass, mass cannot be generated or destroyed in a chemical reaction. A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of each element on the left and right sides of the reaction.

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Chlorine dioxide is a powerful oxidizing agent and disinfectant used to sanitize and disinfect water, air, surfaces, and medical equipment.

What is Chlorine?

Chlorine is a chemical element found in the halogen group on the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol Cl, and its atomic number is 17. Chlorine is a pale green gas at room temperature, and it is highly reactive. Chlorine is widely used in water treatment and in the production of cleaning products, plastics, and pesticides.

The rate law for this reaction is rate = k[ClO2][OH-], where k is the rate constant. To calculate the rate constant, we can use the following equation:

k = (rate2 - rate1)/([ClO2]2 - [ClO2]1)([OH-]2 - [OH-]1)

Substituting the values for experiments 1 and 2, we get:

k = (0.00276 - 0.0248)/((0.020 - 0.060)(0.030 - 0.030)) = -0.142

The value of the rate constant is k = -0.142 mol/((L s)mol2).

To calculate the initial rate of reaction in experiment 4, we can use the following equation:

rate = k[ClO2][OH-]

Substituting the values for experiment 4, we get:

rate = -0.142(0.040)(0.060) = -0.0043 (mol/((L s))

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Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, 2.66 mole of Al[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex] form when 4.0 mol O[tex]_2[/tex] reacts.

The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number. The stoichiometry represents the number of moles.

4AI + 3O[tex]_2[/tex]→ 2Al[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex]

moles of  Al =6.0 mol

moles of  O[tex]_2[/tex]=4.0 mol

Since oxygen is limiting reagent

moles of Al[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex]=2/3×4.0

                       =2.66 mole

Therefore, 2.66 mole of Al[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex] form when 4.0 mol O[tex]_2[/tex] reacts.

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The relationship between properties and substances is an important one as the properties define or describe the type, kind or composition of a substance. There are two factors that affect the properties of a substance and these are kinetic energies and intermolecular forces.

In chemistry, substances are categorized on the basis of physical and chemical properties. All the substances are composed of tiny particles which are in constant motion due to kinetic energy and keep moving in all directions in a substance.

In addition to this, intermolecular forces are also present in a substance which keeps the particles together. In this way substances maintain their shape, arrangement and properties such as melting point, boiling point, hardness, composition and color due to their particular properties.

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Answer:

a) red, blue, and violet

b) orange, yellow, and green

C) red, orange, and yellow

D) blue, indigo, and violet​

67.0L of H₂O can be formed if 1. 25 liters of ethylene at 1. 00 atm and 298K are consumed in this reaction.

A mole is know to be the unit used in chemistry to measure the amount of a substance. It is defined as the amount of matter that contains as many atoms, molecules, or other particles as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12. Moles are a convenient way to measure large numbers of very small particles such as atoms, molecules, ions and electrons.

The molar volume of gas at 1.00 atm and 298 K is 22.41 L/mol.

Given that

2 moles of water are produced from 1 mole of ethylene,

The number of liters of water produced can be calculated with the following formula:

1.25 L C₂H₄ x (2 mol H₂O / 1 mol C₂H₄) x (22.41 L H₂O / 1 mol H₂O)

= 67.0 l H₂O

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The balloon has a capacity of 0.7 L after being heated to 250°C.

We utilize the Charles' Law equation to determine the system's ultimate volume. According to this rule, the volume of a gas under constant pressure is precisely proportional to its temperature.

Mathematically,

V1/T1 = V2/T2

where,

V1 and T1 are the gas's starting volume and temperature.

V2 and T2 are the gas's ultimate volume and temperature.

We receive:

V1 = 0.4L

T1 = 20.C = (20 + 273)K = 293K

V2=?

T2 = 250.C = (250 + 273)K + 523)K

Using the values in the equation above, we obtain:

0.4/293 = V2/523

V2 = 0.7L.

As a result, the balloon has a capacity of 0.7 L after being heated to 250°C.

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The arrangement of the particles in a substance affects its properties because the arrangement of the particles determines the interactions between the particles.

The arrangement of the particles affects the properties of a substance because the interactions between the particles determine the overall characteristics of the substance.

For example, if the particles in a substance are arranged in an orderly, crystalline structure, the inter-particle forces are strong, making the material harder and more rigid. On the other hand, if the particles are arranged in a disordered, amorphous structure, the inter-particle forces are weaker, making the material softer and more malleable.

The arrangement of the particles also affects the physical and chemical properties of the substance. If the particles are arranged in a crystalline structure, the substance will have a higher melting point, boiling point, and hardness than if the particles were arranged in an amorphous structure.

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When calcium carbonate is heated, it breaks down into the components  calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

What do you mean by calcium carbonate?

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound that has the formula CaCO3. It is a common mineral found in rocks as calcite and aragonite, and it is the main component of pearls and the shells of marine organisms, snails, and eggs. Calcium carbonate is a component of agricultural lime that is formed when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions to form limescale. It's commonly used in medicine as a calcium supplement or an antacid, but too much of it can be dangerous.

25 g of calcium carbonate contains 25/100 x (40 + 12 + 3 x 16) = 25/100 x 88 = 22 g of calcium and 12 g of carbon.

Hence, mass of carbon dioxide produced is 12 g.

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The element box contains name and symbol of the element, number of protons and electrons, atomic mass, and electron configuration.

Each container represents an detail and incorporates its atomic size, symbol, common atomic mass, and (sometimes) name. The factors are organized in seven horizontal rows, referred to as intervals or series, and 18 vertical columns, referred to as groups. The container containing every detail's records is called the detail key. Each key incorporates an detail's name, precise symbol, atomic weight and atomic variety. Oxygen, for example, has an atomic variety of 8, an atomic weight of 15.996 and a completely unique symbol, O. The table is split into 4 more or less square regions referred to as blocks. The rows of the desk are referred to as intervals, and the columns are referred to as groups. Elements from the equal institution of the periodic table display comparable chemical characteristics.

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