Answer:
Explanation:
Scientists most often use the morphological and genetic characteristics of organisms to form the basis for biological classification. Morphological characteristics refer to an organism's physical features, such as its size, shape, color, and structure. Genetic characteristics refer to an organism's genetic makeup, including its DNA sequence and other molecular features.
In the past, scientists relied primarily on morphological characteristics to classify organisms. They would group organisms together based on similarities in physical appearance and structure. For example, birds and bats were once classified together based on their ability to fly, despite the fact that birds are warm-blooded and have feathers while bats are mammals with fur and produce milk for their young.
Today, with advances in technology and our understanding of genetics, scientists use a combination of morphological and genetic characteristics to classify organisms. DNA sequencing and other molecular techniques can provide insight into the evolutionary relationships between organisms, and allow for a more accurate classification system. For example, genetic analysis has led to the reclassification of some organisms that were once thought to be closely related based on their physical appearance, but are now known to be more distantly related based on their genetic makeup.
Overall, the goal of biological classification is to create a system that accurately reflects the evolutionary relationships between organisms and helps us better understand the diversity of life on Earth.
during what phase does the cell replicate its dna?
The cell replicates its DNA during the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle.
This phase is a part of interphase, which also includes G1 (gap 1) and G2 (gap 2) phases. During S phase, the DNA in the cell's nucleus is duplicated, so that each of the resulting two daughter cells will have a complete copy of the genetic material. After S phase, the cell progresses into G2 phase, during which it prepares for cell division by synthesizing additional organelles and molecules needed for mitosis or meiosis.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and function of all living organisms. It is a double-stranded molecule made up of four nucleotide building blocks: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence along the length of the DNA molecule, and this sequence determines the genetic code.
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which body system is considered the body's defense system? A. Immune system B. Blood vesels C. Lipid
Moreover, the lymphatic system aids in the body's defence against pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and fungus).
These bacteria are eliminated by the lymph nodes, which are tiny tissue clusters found throughout the lymphatic system. T-cells and B-cells, two types of lymphocytes found inside lymph nodes, aid the body in warding off infection. Your child's immune system defends their body from external threats. They include poisons, bacteria, viruses, fungus, and other types of germs (chemicals made by microbes). The various organs, cells, & proteins that make up the immune system cooperate with one another. A intricate web of cells, chemicals, tissues, and organs make up its structure. Health problems might result from an overactive or underactive immune system.
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What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
Answer: Sugar, starch, and fiber
Explanation: Sugars. They are also called simple carbohydrates because they are in the most basic form. ... Starches. They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together. ... Fiber. It is also a complex carbohydrate.
what supergroup is plasmodium in?
The supergroup that Plasmodium is in is Apicomplexa which is a phylum of eukaryotic parasites.
Plasmodium is an eukaryotic parasite bekonging to the phylum or the supergeoup Apicomplexa. It can further be classified hierarchailly as: Kingdom: Chromista, Class: Aconoidasida, Order: Haemospororida, Family: Plasmodiidae, and Genus: Plasmodium.
Most common hosts for the plasmodium are the mosquitoes of the genera Culex and Anopheles. P. vivax and P. falciparum are among the species of the plasmodium that infects humans. They also affect reptiles, birds, and other mammals. Charles Laveran was the first person to identify a plasmodium in 19th century. Plasmodium causes an infectious disease in humans called the malaria.
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What is the nervous system of humans?
The nervous system is a complex network of specialized cells that carry information throughout the body.
The nervous system can be divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain as well as the spinal cord, while the PNS consists of the other nerves in the body.
The nervous system is composed of specialized cells called neurons, which transmit signals throughout the body. These signals are carried by electrical impulses, which travel along the axons of the neurons.
The nervous system plays a critical role in controlling all aspects of the body, including movement, sensation, thought, emotion, and behavior. Dysfunction of the nervous system can lead to a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and depression.
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how does polar vs n-p covalent bond affect the charge of the atoms involved?
Polar vs n-p covalent bonds affect the charge of the atoms involved.
Molecules that generally have polar covalent bonds can contain positive and negative charges.
Covalent bonds can be polar or nonpolar, depending on the electronegativity difference between the poles. The covalency between two identical atoms (as in H2) are nonpolar in a molecule the electronegativity of the ions are uniformly spread over. There is no net charge on either atom. Therefore the attractive force is produced,when the electron pair interacts with the nuclei of both the atoms. While those which are unlike atoms are polar then one atom is slightly negatively charged and the other is slightly positively charged for example hydrochloric acid(HCl).
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the evolutionary mechanisms that cause speciation are the same mechanisms that cause changes in gene frequency of a population from one generation to the next. True/False?
False. Changes in a population's gene frequency from one generation to the next are caused by the same evolutionary processes that lead to speciation.
Speciation is an evolutionary mechanisms that creates new species. A collection of creatures that are reproductively separated from other organisms and can breed with one another to create viable offspring is referred to as a species.
Changes in allele frequencies over time are brought about by natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. The Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are broken by a population when one or more of these factors are at work, and evolution takes place. False regarding evolution is the claim that it will someday come to an end.
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What type of signal directs the synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters into the synapse?
repeated
intense
electrical
chemical
The type of signal that directs the synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters into the synapse is a repeated, intense electrical signal.
This signal causes an influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic neuron's cell membrane, which triggers the synaptic vesicles to release the neurotransmitters into the synapse.
Synaptic vesicles are small, membrane-bound structures that are found in the presynaptic terminal of neurons. They store neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that are released by the neuron in order to communicate with other neurons. When the neuron is stimulated, the synaptic vesicles are triggered to release their neurotransmitters into the synapse, where they can bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing for the transmission of signals between neurons. The release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles is regulated by a repeated, intense electrical signal, which causes an influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic neuron's cell membrane, which triggers the synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters into the synapse.
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As pressure increases in lymphatic capillaries, fluid is allowed to regurgitate back into the tissues. A. True B. False.
The statement that as pressure increases in lymphatic capillaries, fluid is allowed to regurgitate back into the tissues is False.
The correct option is False.
What are the lymphatic capillaries?The lymphatic capillaries are thin-walled vessels that are located throughout the body and are responsible for collecting excess fluid and waste products from the tissues. As the lymphatic capillaries collect fluid, they gradually converge into larger lymphatic vessels, which eventually empty into the bloodstream.
In healthy individuals, the pressure within the lymphatic capillaries is normally lower than the interstitial fluid pressure in the surrounding tissues. This pressure difference allows the lymphatic capillaries to collect excess fluid from the tissues and prevent the buildup of edema or swelling. However, if the pressure within the lymphatic capillaries becomes too high, it can cause the fluid to regurgitate back into the tissues, which can lead to edema.
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what are the four functions of the muscular system?
Muscle contraction is essential for movement, posture, joint stability, and heat production.
The muscular system is a group of organs that includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It allows the body to move, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body.
Although some muscles (such as the heart muscle) are entirely autonomous, the nervous system controls the muscular systems in vertebrates. It forms the musculoskeletal system in humans, along with the skeletal system, and is responsible for body movement.
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True/False? A recessive allele expresses itself only in homozygous state in an organism.
A recessive allele possibly shows its aggregate when it is homozygous. Intermittently, when a freak allele delivers a nonfunctional protein or a protein with diminished capability, that allele is passive. The correct answer is True.
As indicated by Mendel's law of legacy, the predominant component can communicate its thoughts totally and smothers different's characteristics. The heterozygous condition conveys both predominant and passive alleles, the presence of the prevailing allele covers the declaration of the latent allele. Along these lines, passive alleles can be communicated exclusively in homozygous states of any age.
A recessive allele communicates itself thoughts just in a homozygous state in an organic entity. A predominant allele communicates itself thoughts in both homozygous as well as heterozygous states.
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in the 1940's, scientists had concluded that the genetic material was most likely either ___ or ____a. Protein or DNAb. Protein or RNA
Answer:
X or Y
Explanation:
they are made up of genetic materials
Which portion of the heart, when weakened by a heart attack, is responsible for causing fluid to back up into and engorge the lung tissue?
1) Pulmonary vein
2) Left ventricle
3) Right ventricle
4) Right atrium
Option 4 is Correct. When weakened by a heart attack, the right atrium of the heart is what causes the fluid to back up into and engorge the lung tissue.
One of the most crucial indicators of the progression of heart failure is the formation of pulmonary crackles (rales), which are defined as intermittent, explosive, discontinuous sounds made during inspiration. It poses a risk since it might restrict or cease blood flow to vital organs like the heart or brain.
Angina, or chest pain, can develop if a blood clot constricts one or more arteries that lead to the heart. Heart attacks are brought on by blood clots that obstruct the arteries that supply a portion of the heart muscle. Breathing problems that cause you to wake up at night. breathing difficulty.
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How would you determine whether a metabolic reaction might require coupling to ATP hydrolysis? Which is the correct answer
A) Determine how often the reaction is used in the cell
B) Determine how fast the reaction occurs
C) Determine whether the reaction has a negative or positive delta G
D) Determine how many reactants and products are involved in the reaction
The correct option is C . Determine whether the reaction has a negative or positive de.lta G .
In general , cells use ATP in order to perform coupling the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions. So ,reaction that releases heat and increase entropy it will be spontaneous and have negative delta g , which is independent of temperature.
Hence, in order to determine whether a metabolic reaction has a positive or negative de.lta G it is important to notice if it needs to c.ou.ple to ATP hydrolysis to proceed. Other factors such as the frequency and speed of the reaction, number of reactants and products are also related for determining the d.elta G.
Hence, C is the correct option
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What is believed to be true of levels of analysis according to probabilistic epigenesis?a. Genetics can influence biology and psychology, but biology and psychology cannot influence genetics.b. Biology and psychology can influence genetics, but genetics cannot influence biology and psychology.c. Genetics can influence biology and psychology and biology and psychology can influence genetics.d. Genetics can influence biology but not psychology.
The correct answer is option C, "Genetics can influence biology and psychology and biology and psychology can influence genetics."
According to probabilistic epigenesis, the development of an organism is influenced by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, and it is believed that genetics can influence biology and psychology, while biology and psychology can also influence genetics. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, "Genetics can influence biology and psychology and biology and psychology can influence genetics."
Probabilistic epigenesis emphasizes the idea that development is a probabilistic process, in which genes and environment interact in complex ways to produce a particular outcome. This means that genetic factors can set the stage for certain biological and psychological processes, but these processes can also be influenced by environmental factors, such as nutrition, stress, and social interactions.
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Answer:
The correct answer is option C
Explanation:
I got it right
how do microbes maintain proper intracellular osmotic pressure
By manufacturing solutes that are consistent with their metabolism and growth, many microorganisms maintain a little higher solute concentration in their protoplasm, keeping their membrane pushed snugly against the cell wall.
From 5 minutes to 1(1/2) hours after the tissue has been removed from the body, the osmotic pressure maintained by liver or kidney tissue as determined by its water equilibrium with solutions of sodium chloride stays unaltered. At high osmotic pressure, solute accumulation strongly promotes bacterial growth, whereas solute release enables cells to withstand osmotic downshocks.
When meat is devoid of water and salt is added, a solute-rich environment is created that causes osmotic pressure to suck water from bacteria, slowing their growth. To accomplish this, salt content must be close to 20%.
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what mechanism is used in the kidneys to regulate blood volume and pressure?
The kidneys regulate the blood volume by regulating the amount of sodium ions as well as water and to regulate the blood pressure by the release of hormones like renin.
The kidneys basically secrete various hormones, which are very essential for the normal functioning of the body. One such type of hormone is renin, which performs the function of keeping the blood pressure normal. If the blood pressure falls, then renin gets secreted by the kidneys in order to constrict the small blood vessels which end up increasing blood pressure.
The mechanism by which the kidneys are able to regulate the blood volume is through adjusting the amount of water as well as sodium lost into the urine.
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"The male urethra is part of the reproductive system and what other body system?
a. Urinary
b. patella
c. cranium
d. Myocardium
"
Answer: A.urinary
Explanation:
The dorsal pigment pattern of frogs can be either "leopard" or "mottled." The trait is controlled by an autosomal gene. Males and females are selected from pure-breeding populations and a pair of reciprocal crosses is performed. The cross results are shown: Cross 1: P: male leopard x female mottled F1: all mottled F2: 70 mottled, 22 leopard
Cross 2: P male mottled x female leopard F1: all mottled F2: 50 mottled x 18 leopard
compare and contrast the results of the reciprocal crosses in the context of autosomal gene inheritance.
The results of the reciprocal crosses suggest that the "leopard" and "mottled" dorsal pigment patterns in frogs are likely controlled by a single autosomal gene with incomplete dominance.
In Cross 1, the male parent with the "leopard" trait was crossed with a female parent with the "mottled" trait. The F1 offspring all exhibited the "mottled" trait, suggesting that the "mottled" trait is dominant over the "leopard" trait.
In the F2 generation, there were 70 individuals with the "mottled" trait and 22 individuals with the "leopard" trait, consistent with a ratio of approximately 3:1, which is expected for a single autosomal gene with incomplete dominance.
In Cross 2, the male parent with the "mottled" trait was crossed with a female parent with the "leopard" trait. The F1 offspring all exhibited the "mottled" trait again, suggesting that the "mottled" trait is dominant over the "leopard" trait.
However, the ratio of "mottled" to "leopard" individuals in the F2 generation was different, with only 50 individuals with the "mottled" trait and 18 individuals with the "leopard" trait. This difference in the F2 ratio between the two crosses could be due to a variety of factors, such as random chance, genetic background, or environmental influences.
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Which ecosystem services can also affect the biodiversity of an ecosystem?
The ecosystem services that can also affect the biodiversity of an ecosystem include pollination, nutrient cycling, and pest control.
How do pollination, nutrient cycling, and pest control contribute to the biodiversity of an ecosystem?Pollination helps maintain plant biodiversity by ensuring that different plant species are able to reproduce and create new genetic diversity. Nutrient cycling helps support the growth of a diverse range of plants, which in turn provides habitat and food for other species. Pest control helps prevent the over-consumption of certain plant or animal species, which can help maintain a healthy balance of biodiversity within an ecosystem.
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the number and variety of different species in a given area is called ?
Bio diversity. The variety of living things in a certain place is referred to as its biodiversity. Every kind of life, including plants, microorganisms, animals, and people, is referred to as biodiversity.
The term "biodiversity" describes the range of living organisms on Earth, including plants, animals, microbes, and fungi. Although the diversity of life on Earth is so great that many species are still unknown, human activities are threatening the extinction of countless species, endangering the planet's incredible biodiversity.
The tremendous variety of life on Earth is referred to as biodiversity. It can be used more precisely to refer to all the species found in a given area or habitat. Over 8.7 million different kinds of plants and animals are thought to exist, according to scientists.
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mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells.truefalse
The given statement is true. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules can be changed or altered and this process is termed mutation.
A mutation in biology is an adjustment to the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or extrachromosomal DNA. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome. Errors in DNA replication, viral replication, mitosis, meiosis, or other types of DNA damage (like pyrimidine dimers from exposure to ultraviolet radiation) can result in mutations.
Damaged DNA may then undergo error-prone repair, particularly microhomology-mediated end joining,cause an error during other types of repair,, or result in a replication error (translesion synthesis). Due to mobile genetic elements, mutations can also be caused through the insertion or deletion of DNA segments.
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what is the function of the lac repressor system in e. coli
The function of Lac repressor system in E. Coli is inhibition of transcription process of the Lac operon.
Lac operon is a gene involved in metabolism processes which functions only in presence of lactose and absence of glucose. It has one regulatory gene and three structural genes. Repressor proteins are coded by regulatory genes. The role of LacI is to inhibit mRNA production for proteins encoded by the lac operon. E. coli is a bacteria, in which there is one repressor gene and one promoter gene.
The Lac repressor gene binds with DNA specifically at the site of operation and blocks the RNA polymerase to move down the DNA strand. However presence of lactose changes this process and the repressor gene is unable to bind with the DNA strand and so RNA polymerase takes place part in transcribing the structural gene.
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what part of an amphipathic molecule would be oriented toward the center of a micelle?
The hydrophobic part of an amphipathic molecule will be oriented toward the center of a micelle.
This is because the hydrophobic part of the molecule is non-polar and therefore does not interact with the surrounding water molecules. The non-polar part of the molecule is instead attracted to other non-polar molecules, such as those found in the center of the micelle. The hydrophilic part of the molecule is polar and therefore is attracted to the water molecules and is oriented toward the exterior of the micelle. The hydrophobic parts of an amphipathic molecule would be oriented toward the center of a micelle. This is because the hydrophobic parts of the molecule are not attracted to water molecules, so they will be drawn to the center of the micelle where the water molecules are not present.
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What is the cause of the sloughing of the endometrial lining during menstruation?
The endometrium is made ready for a fertilized egg by progesterone. Levels of estrogen and progesterone fall in the absence of pregnancy.
The endometrial layer sheds during menstruation for what reasons?Ovarian hormone production leads the endometrium t thicken each month in women who menstruate and ovulate frequently in order to prepare for a prospective pregnancy. The endometrial lining sheds during the menstrual cycle if the person is not pregnant.
What is the main reason for bleeding and endometrial sloughing off?In some non-ovulating women, the uterus is stimulated by ongoing estrogen exposure without adequate progesterone levels to allow for full endometrial lining shredding. Eventually, this could cause irregular or significant bleeding.
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what is an autotroph vs heterotroph
Autotrophs are known as producers because they are able to make their own food from raw materials and energy. Heterotrophs are known as consumers because they consume producers or other consumers.
An organism that can make its own nourishment by the use of light, water, carbon dioxide, or other substances is an autotroph. Autotrophs are also referred to as producers because they make their own nourishment. Photosynthesis is the method that most autotrophs employ to produce their food. During photosynthesis, autotrophs use the sun's energy to transform soil-derived water and atmospheric carbon dioxide into glucose, a nutrition. A kind of sugar is glucose. Plants get their energy from glucose. Furthermore, cellulose, which is used by plants to grow and construct cell walls, is produced by them from glucose.
An organism that consumes other plants or animals for energy and nutrients is referred to as a heterotroph. The word is derived from the Greek terms "nourishment" and "hodos" for "other."
Autotrophs and heterotrophs are two main classifications of organisms depending on how they receive energy and nutrients. Autotrophs are referred to as producers since they can generate their own food using energy and raw resources. Plants, algae, and several varieties of bacteria are examples. Because they eat producers or other consumers, heterotrophs are referred to as consumers. Humans, dogs, and birds are all instances of heterotrophs.
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a member of a phylum, or group, of aquatic animals that includes corals, jellyfish, hydras and sea anemones. they lack a backbone and have radial symmetry and stinging structures inside tentacles.
The member of a phylum of aquatic animals that lack a backbone and have radial symmetry and stinging structures inside tentacles are known as cnidarians.
This group of animals includes corals, jellyfish, hydras, and sea anemones, as well as several other less well-known groups.
Cnidarians are found in marine and freshwater environments throughout the world, and they play important ecological roles as predators and prey. They are characterized by their unique stinging cells, known as nematocysts, which are used for defense and capturing prey.
Cnidarians have a simple body plan, with a sac-like body cavity and tentacles arranged in a ring around the mouth. They have a single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus, and they lack a centralized nervous system. Despite their simplicity, cnidarians are capable of a wide range of behaviors and exhibit remarkable adaptability to changing environmental conditions.
Overall, cnidarians are a diverse and fascinating group of animals that have captured the interest of scientists and laypeople alike for centuries. Their unique characteristics and ecological roles make them an important subject of study in biology and ecology.
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Which nucleotide pairing(s) would be recognized by the MMR system during DNA replication?
I. dTMP and dCMP
II. dGMP and dAMP
III. dAMP and dTMP
A.I only
B.III only
C.I and II only
D.I, II, and III
The correct option is C; I and II only , During DNA replication, the MMR system detects nucleotide mismatches and corrects them.
Mismatched nucleotide pairings include dTMP and dCMP (I) and dGMP and dAMP (II). The coupling of dAMP and dTMP (III) seems appropriate.
The removal of base-base mismatches or short insertion-deletion loops caused by misincorporation or strand slippage during DNA replication is one of the main purposes of the methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR) system, which is started after replication in Escherichia coli (10).
The MMR system, a DNA repair pathway that is present in bacteria and humans, targets base substitution mismatches and insertion-deletion mismatches (IDLs) that come from replication errors that bypass DNA polymerases' proofreading function.
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what is the basis for homology among chromosomes?
The basis for homology among chromosomes depends on the type and location of genes. So option 4 is correct about homology.
A chromosome is a structure that helps to carry genetic information in a compact form. This consists of DNA and some proteins. The homologous chromosome is the type of chromosome that has the same size and shape regarding the organization.
They mostly importantly have the same genes, loci, centromere location, and length. But of different versions of genes. Each chromosome has one set of genes from both the mother and father. So the basis of homology is the type and location of genes in the chromosome.
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The complete question is -
What is the basis for homology among chromosomes?
• position of the centromere
• overall length
• autoradiographic pattern
• type and location of genes
• banding patterns
the structure directly surrounding the viral nucleic acid is the_______ , a coat of proteins.
The Capsid, a protein coat, is the structure directly surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
Is a coat of protein surrounding viral nucleic acid?A protein coat surrounds nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that make up viruses. They are smaller than a bacterium of the smallest size. Nucleic acid, or genetic material, surrounds a capsid, or protein coat, in viruses.
Why are proteins covering the viruses?The two fundamental components of the simplest virions are: nucleic acid (DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA) and a protein coat called the capsid. The capsid serves as a shell to protect the viral genome from nucleases and binds the virion to specific receptors on the potential host cell during infection.
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