explain why the concentration of a drug present in urine is not a reliable indicator of how extensively an individual’s behavior or state is influenced by the drug.
The concentration of a drug present in urine is not a reliable indicator of how extensively the drug influences an individual's behavior or state because it only provides information about the quantity of the drug that has been eliminated from the body.
Why is a urine test done?Urine tests are done for various reasons like Diagnosis of medical conditions, Drug testing, Pregnancy testing, and Evaluation of overall health.
Is urine testing an effective way to test drugs?Urine tests can be effective in drug testing, but their effectiveness can vary depending on several factors. Urine tests can produce false-positive or false-negative results, impacting their effectiveness in detecting drugs. False-positive results can occur when a test detects the presence of a drug or drug metabolite, even though the individual did not use the drug.
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a foreign object, such as a bit of tissue or air, circulating in the blood is known as a/an_____
A client recovering from burn injuries over both forearms reports itching of the wounds. Which action will the nurse take to enhance the client's comfort?
A. Apply warm compresses over the areas.
B. Provide pain medication as needed.
C. Elevate the extremities above heart level.
D. Instruct to pat and not scratch the areas.
D. Tell the nurse to pat rather than scratch the areas she will be working on to increase the client's comfort.
What distinguishes recuperating from recovering?You heal & recover while you rest. Recuperate means "to take back" in Latin, thus when you recover, you get something home that was previously yours, like your health or your money. After an illness, people typically try to recover.
What is the phrase "recover" used for?The phrasal verbs for recovered are "come round" and "pull through." The two phrasal verbs in the previous sentence are intended to be recovered, however the two recovery are distinct from one another. Come round, a phrasal word, refers to getting well from any illness. The verb "pull through" refers to regaining consciousness.
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according to erikson's theory, which behaviors will the nurse notice in 13-year-old students? select all that apply hesi
A leading and important theory of development was created by ego psychologist Erik Erikson.
What is Erikson's theory?Erikson's theory focused more on psychosocial than psychosexual development, despite the influence of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's work.
Erikson also believed that a sense of competence motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in Erikson's theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life.
If the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy in that aspect of development.
Therefore, A leading and important theory of development was created by ego psychologist Erik Erikson.
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which finding is characteristic of a stage 3 pressure injury
A stage 3 pressure injury is characterized by full-thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue but not extending to the underlying fascia. The wound bed is visible, and slough or eschar may be present.
Does the depth of the wound vary?Yes, the depth of a wound can vary depending on the type of injury and the location of the body. For example, a wound on a bony prominence, such as the heel, may be deeper than a wound on a flat surface, such as the back.
What causes pressure injury?Pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin and underlying tissues. They are often a result of immobility and can occur when a person remains in one position for an extended period without shifting their weight or changing positions.
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which clients are ideal candidates for interpreter service to prevent contributing health disparities? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
These clients are ideal candidates for interpreter service to prevent contributing health disparities:
A non-English-speaking client in the emergency departmentA Spanish-speaking client ready to be discharged from the facilityAn Indian American who does not speak the language used at the facilityWhat is health disparities?Health disparities are discrepancies that socially disadvantaged people encounter in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunity to reach optimal health. These gaps are avoidable.
Health and healthcare inequalities exist across a wide variety of characteristics, although they are frequently seen through the perspective of race and ethnicity. Disparities can be seen, for instance, in socioeconomic position, age, geography, language, gender, status as a person with a disability, citizenship, and sexual orientation.
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a client has just undergone bronchoscopy. which nursing assessment is most important at this time?
Following a bronchoscopy, the most important nursing assessment is to monitor the patient's respiratory status closely. The patient's oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, depth of breathing, and quality of breath sounds should be monitored.
What is bronchoscopy?Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that involves inserting a flexible or rigid tube with a camera and light source on the end into the airways of the lungs to allow direct visualization of the structures within the airways.
The procedure is usually performed by a pulmonologist or a thoracic surgeon with the assistance of a specialized nursing team.
During the procedure, the patient may be given a sedative or local anesthetic to minimize discomfort and to help them relax.
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What are the 4 signs of shock?
the four shock signals clammy, cold skin. ashy or pale skin. If you have a dark complexion, your lips, fingernails, or hair may have a grayish tint. rapid heartbeat
The rate of the heartbeat.Your heart beat is indeed the contraction of the heart as it pumps blood to the remainder of your body, including your lungs. Your heart's electrical circuitry controls how quickly it beats.
The heartbeat's location?The fictional communities of Aidensfield and Ashfordly served as the backdrop for Heartbeat. Although both of these towns are undoubtedly fictional, most of the filming for them took place in the North Yorkshire Riding.
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after discovering the drug interaction, what action should the nurse take immediately?
After discovering a drug interaction, the nurse should immediately notify the healthcare provider and document the interaction and the action taken in the client's medical record.
The nurse should also closely monitor the client for any adverse effects or changes in condition. Depending on the severity of the interaction, the healthcare provider may adjust the medication regimen or order additional interventions to mitigate the effects of the interaction. It is crucial to address drug interactions promptly to ensure the client's safety and prevent any potential harm or complications.
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What is the ICD-10 code for history of type 2 diabetes?
39 is a billable/specific ICD-10 code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes.
Why is diagnosis important?Your diagnosis is the basis for any treatment you may receive, from drugs to surgery. An accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent wasting precious time on the wrong course of treatment. The patient plays a crucial role in helping determine the correct diagnosis.
When is diagnostic test done?Every time you go to a doctor with pain symptoms or an injury, chances are, your doctor will request that you undergo diagnostic testing. More than 13 billion diagnostic tests are performed every year in the United States. Diagnostic tests are used to confirm or rule out conditions and diseases.
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When working with a visually impaired patient, you should position yourself ______ him and speak as clearly as possible.
When working with a visually impaired patient, you should position yourself Facing Toward him and speak as clearly as possible.
As professionals in the field of eye health, we place a high priority on understanding the value of health education as well as the prevention and treatment of eye diseases. However, despite the information we have gained, our efforts are not always successful, and we are left with the burden and challenge of providing care for those who must deal with a visual impairment, maybe for the remainder of their lives. Understanding their challenges, recognising their talents, and learning how to work and communicate with them in both a social setting and a medical setting are all necessary. The lack of education of medical staff members and their ignorance of the support requirements of patients who are blind or visually impaired is frequently all too obvious within the eye hospital itself.
People who are blind or visually impaired come from a variety of backgrounds. Some are young, while most are elderly. They could be athletes, farmers, gardeners, chess players, instructors, typists, musicians, housewives, lawyers, physiotherapists, social workers, telephonists, parents, computer programmers, etc.
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how is bsa calculated
Every adult's body surface area (BSA) can be precisely represented in Systeme International d'Unités (SI) units using the straightforward equation BSA = 1/6(WH)0.5, where W is body weight and H is body height.
What is standard BSA?The "normal" body surface area is typically thought to be 1.7 m2, however in reality, there are other factors besides height and weight that affect body surface area. The individual's age and gender are further determining factors when considering standard BSA.
In an echo report, what is BSA?The most popular metric for body size indexation of echocardiographic measurements is body surface area (BSA), however its application to patients with underweight or obesity (body mass index (BMI) 18.5 kg/m2 or 30 kg/m2, respectively) is debatable.
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which is a manual treatment performed to influence joint and neurophysiological function?
Chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT) affects joint and neurophysiological function through manual therapy.
Is safe neck manipulation in chiropractic care?The carotid and vertebral arteries may experience severe strain as a result of the high velocity push employed in cervical manipulation. Once a dissection has taken place, there is a significantly higher risk of thrombus formation, ischemic stroke, paralysis, and even death.
Who wants to manipulate their spine?One of many non-drug methods that can be used to treat both acute and chronic low-back pain is spinal manipulation. It might result in modest improvements in function and discomfort. Function refers to how low back pain impacts a person's ability to walk, stand, sleep, and perform household chores.
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What is the ICD-10 for hypothyroidism?
9 – Hypothyroidism, Unspecified. ICD-Code E03. 9 is a billable ICD-10 code used for healthcare diagnosis reimbursement of Hypothyroidism, Unspecified.
What's the difference between diagnosis and diagnoses?The plural form is diagnoses, pronounced [ dahy-uhg-noh-seez ]. The verb form is diagnose. A doctor can be said to diagnose an illness or a patient but the meaning is the same—to diagnose is to give a diagnosis of what specific condition is affecting the patient.
What is diagnostic test?A test used to help figure out what disease or condition a person has based on their signs and symptoms. Diagnostic tests may also be used to help plan treatment, find out how well treatment is working, and make a prognosis. There are many different types of diagnostic tests.
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how does hypertension lead to bradypnea
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can lead to bradypnea, which is a type of slow breathing.
What is Hypertension?Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition that occurs when the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries becomes too high. It can cause serious health consequences, such as heart attack, stroke, and aneurysm. High blood pressure is a common problem, affecting about one in three adults in the United States.
When the blood pressure is too high, the heart has to work harder to pump the blood throughout the body. This increased strain on the heart can cause the body to automatically slow down the breathing rate to compensate. With the decreased oxygen intake, the body can become exhausted and have difficulty recovering. Bradypnea can also lead to other medical conditions, such as respiratory failure and heart failure.
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to avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object, you should:
Instead of pulling, it is safer to push. While shoulders back, kneel down. Instead of twisting at the hips to push, maintain a firm core and move the object with your legs and body weight.
Which of the following is a procedure you ought to follow while lifting a person or an object?
When lifting, always position the patient as closely as you can. For leverage and to keep your balance, keep your arms and patient as close to your body as you can. Keep your back as straight as you can while bending at the knees. Know your limitations and request assistance when you need to raise a patient.
Which should be used when moving objects and patients—pulling or pushing?
rather push instead than pulling, wherever possible. Lock yourself in the rear. Continually pull with your body's core in mind. Maintain weight close to the body.
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after a person has a subtotal gastrectomy for chronic gastritis which type of anemia will result
deficit in iron Since stomach removal frequently results in a noticeably reduced output of gastric acid, anemia can develop. This acid is required to convert dietary iron into a form that the duodenum can absorb more easily.
What causes anemia after a gastrectomies?Anemia is a common side effect of gastrectomy and is brought on by a lack of iron, a lack of vitamin B12, or both. The cumulative incidence of anemia over the past five years has climbed at a steady rate, approaching 40%. Anemia risk was higher in female patients and those who had undergone total gastrectomy.
How is megaloblastic anemia brought on?Megaloblastic anemia is typically brought on by an acquired folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency.
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An Anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing the lymphatic system of the head and neck. why would the instructor emphasize the importance of the drainage pattern of the lymph?
A. Nurse needs to follow lymph patterns to track the course of a disease.
B. The drainage pattern can help the nurse understand why the disease is spreading.
C. Enlargement of a node may be a sign of pathology that is distant from that node.
D. The drainage pattern may help pinpoint a fluid or electrolyte imbalance
Enlargement of a node may be a sign of pathology that is distant from that node that is why the instructor was emphasizing the lymphatic system, the correct option is C.
The head and neck's lymphatic system is being discussed by an anatomy and physiology instructor. Because the lymphatic drainage pattern parallels the progression of sickness, the instructor would underline the significance of this pattern.
The thymus and bone marrow are two important elements of the lymphatic system. These two systems play a critical role in the development of antibodies, the generation of regeneration cells, the detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and the body's ability to fend off disease.
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A client admitted for placement of heart stents was started on clopidogrel. The nurse knows that a daily assessment of this client should include what data?
Select all that apply
1. Monitoring of intake and output
2. Check daily liver function tests
3. Assess stools for tarry appearance
4. Monitor daily platelet count
5. Assess for new ecchymosis
Keep an eye out for the presence of CNS symptoms, as low platelet count, renal failure, and fever in the patient. Keep an eye out for any indications or symptoms of a hematoma, epistaxis, or petechiae.
Correct option is, 4.
What is clopidogrel's most frequent adverse effect?Clopidogrel's primary adverse effect is easier bleeding than usual. You could experience bruises, bleeding gums, heavier periods, or nosebleeds. Clopidogrel and alcohol are compatible. Therefore, avoid drinking excessively while using this medication.
How are the effects with clopidogrel tracked?Conclusions: VASP phosphorylation tests are accurate for measuring the effects of clopidogrel. The VASP assay is selective to clopidogrel effects instead of effects of other regularly used platelet inhibitors because it directly assesses the function of a P2Y12 receptor, which is the target of clopidogrel.
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The nurse is assessing a patient with diabetes. Which datum collected by the nurse is subjective datum? Select all that apply.
1. Blood pressure of 120/78 mmHg
2. Radial pulse of 68 beats per minute
3. Fasting blood glucose of 110 mg/dL
4. Nausea with duration of 2 hours.
5. Tingling sensation in the feet.
The subjective datum collected by the nurse in a diabetic patient would be nausea with duration of 2 hours, and tingling sensation in the feet which means option D and E are correct.
Subjective data is the observed information that comes from opinions, perceptions or experiences which the nurse or the physician observes in the patient as and when they visit them. The diabetic patients are those whose body is unable to regulate the concentration of sugar in the body due to which they suffer from several allied diseases.
In such patients certain specific symptoms such as swelling of legs, nausea and tingling sensation is quite normal. Sometimes the hands may even feel numb in these patients. High sugar content has the potential to damage the nervous system and this may even inhibit the functions of the vital organ system in the body.
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The nurse is caring for a patient who has had an arterial line inserted. To reduce the risk of complications, what is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Apply a pressure dressing to the insertion site.
B. Ensure that all tubing connections are tightened.
C. Obtain a portable x-ray to confirm placement.
D. Restrain the affected extremity for 24 hours.
A patient who has had an arterial line implanted is being cared for by the nurse. The most important nursing intervention is to make sure that all tube connections are tightened in order to lower the likelihood of problems, the correct option is B.
Hemorrhage, a significant arterial pressure monitoring problem, can result from loose connections in hemodynamic monitoring tubing. In critical care units, hemodialysis units, and cancer units, central venous catheters (CVC).
They are routinely used for the administration of intravenous fluids, medicines, blood products, parenteral nutrition, vasoactive drugs, hemodialysis, and hemodynamic monitoring. Sadly, individuals with peripheral catheters are 200% more likely to develop thrombi, emboli, and infection when an indwelling CVC is present.
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which factor would the nurse attribute to stress incontinence?
Obesity, pregnancy, menopause, chronic coughing, and certain medications can all contribute to stress incontinence.
What are symptoms of stress incontinence?Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when abdominal pressure rises, causing urine to leak out. Weakening pelvic muscles and the urethral sphincter as a result of pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, or ageing are common causes. The main symptoms of stress incontinence is involuntary urine leakage while coughing, sneezing, laughing, or engaging in physical activities. Urine leakage can range from a few drops to a significant amount. Other symptoms include frequent urination, urgency, and difficulty completely emptying the bladder. Some people may also feel uncomfort, humiliation, or interference with their daily lives. Pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, medication, and surgery are all options for treatment.
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Which one of the following is NOT a driving force for the adoption of health information technology?
a. Natural diffusion of technology into the medical field
b. Lower healthcare costs
c. Improved medical quality
d. Improved Joint Commission scores
Health information technology adoption is not influenced by higher Joint Commission ratings.
Which of the following is a reference to one of the core building blocks of the infrastructure for health information technology?The heart of the health IT system is the electronic health record (EHR). A person's official digital health record, known as an EHR or electronic medical record (EMR), is shared by a number of healthcare organizations and providers.
What are the three factors influencing the use of technology in healthcare?Our experience in the creation of medical devices has shown us that three drivers—clinical aims, contractual relationships, and cost—appears to be constant. While adoption drivers and their relative importance can vary across facilities, three drivers seem to remain constant.
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The nurse is teaching the breast self-examination technique to women. In which order should the nurse instruct the steps of breast self-examination technique? List it in numerical order:
A. palpate axilla
B. palpate breast from center outward using the finger pads
C. inspect axilla
D. inspect breast
E. palpate nipple
Gently yet firmly press down on the entire right breast making little movements with your left hand's middle fingers. Then either stand or sit. Breast tissue is located there, so feel about there. Squeeze the nipple gently to check for discharge.
What are the three ways to conduct a breast self-exam?The circular approach, the "wheel spokes" method, and the grid method are the three options you have. Use the fat pads on the 3 middle finger fingertips when performing a breast self-exam.
How do you perform a nursing breast exam?Light pressure should be palpated first, then medium pressure, and hard pressure should be used to finish the examination. Palpate in a circular motion starting at the nipple area.
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what is the best statment for description of colic for parents who are asking whether their infant is experiencing this alteration?
Colic is a common condition in infants that causes prolonged and inconsolable crying for at least three hours a day, three days a week, for three weeks or longer.
It typically occurs in the late afternoon or evening and may be accompanied by fussiness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. The exact cause of colic is unknown, but it is believed to be related to digestive issues or an immature digestive system.
While colic can be distressing for both parents and infants, it usually resolves on its own within the first few months of life. Colic is a condition in which an otherwise healthy infant cries excessively and inconsolably for no apparent reason.
This crying usually occurs for at least three hours a day, three days a week, for three weeks or longer. Colic typically starts in the first few weeks of life and can last until the baby is three to four months old.
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which effect happens when beta blockers are coadministered with anticholinergics
Reduced beta blocker effect. Beta blockers may cause problems with the blood supply to your hands and feet, which can cause chilly hands or toes, fatigue, dizziness, or lightheadedness.
Beta blockers may also cause dreams or difficulty falling asleep. Lowering heart rate is the main method that beta blockers work. They achieve this by preventing hormones like adrenaline from having their intended effects.
The most used beta blocker delivery method is tablets. Only a general practitioner or another qualified healthcare professional may prescribe these prescription-only drugs because they are not available over the counter.
The following beta blockers are often used:
atenolol (sometimes referred to as Tenormin) (also called Tenormin), Bisoprolol, sometimes referred to as Cardicor or Emcor (also called Cardicor or Emcor), Carvedilol and labetalol.
The complete question is:
What happens when beta blockers are coadministered with anticholinergics?
1. Reduced beta blocker effect
2. Increased blood glucose levels
3. Enhanced effect of anticholinergics
4. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade
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at what frequency should quality control testing be performed on each lot of anti-human globulin to be in compliance with the fda’s current good manufacturing practices requirements?
Minimum frequency and Each day of use frequency should quality control testing be performed on each lot of anti-human globulin to be in compliance with the FDA's.
Human Anti-Human Globulin or Anti-IgG serves as a bridge between the antibody coatings of neighborhood red blood cells, causing agglutination. Red blood cells that are not coated will not agglutinate. Human Anti-Human Globulin Rabbits are immunized with human IgG to produce anti-IgG.
The principles of the test In blood banks, polyspecific AHG has always been commonly used to perform overt and covert antiglobulin screening (DAT and IAT). The DAT determines whether red blood cells are coated with immunoglobulin, complement, or both in vivo. This test is required when investigating immune-mediated hemolysis.
The test works on the basis that antihuman globulin (AHG) immune cells bind to RBCs coated with living thing immunoglobulin or supplement (in vivo or in vitro). Its AHG serves as a link but also causes RBC agglutination.
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You are assessing the pupils of a patient who was struck in the back of the head. You note that his pupils differ in size by slightly less than 1 mm. The patient is conscious, alert, and oriented to person, place, time, and event. You should suspect:
A. injury to the pons or medulla.
B. increased intracranial pressure.
C. that he ingested an opiate drug.
D. physiologic anisocoria
You observe that his pupils are little under 1 mm apart in size. The patient is awake, alert, and aware of people, places, events, and times. You should be on the lookout for: Anisocoria.
Correct option is, D.
What are the 4 components of an abdominal assessment, in order?Inspection, palpation, percussion, or auscultation are the four main parts of the abdominal examination. The patient should be totally supine before starting the basic examination of the abdomen. Each of the following symptoms may be a marker of a particular illness.
What do the four abdominal quadrants look like and what do they do?The four quadrants allow for the localization of pain and discomfort, scar, lumps, and other interesting features, allowing for a more precise identification of the organs and tissues that may be affected. The left lower, left upper, right upper, and right lower quadrants are the names given to the four quadrants.
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Which medication may sometimes be overlooked when considering penicillin allergies in patients?
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) medication may sometimes be overlooked when considering penicillin allergies in patients.
The combination of piperacillin and tazobactam is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of drugs known as antibacterial drugs and beta-lactamase inhibitors. It kills the bacteria while preventing their growth. This medication, however, will not treat colds, flu, or any other virus infections.
Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam) is indeed a broad-frequency band prodrug that works against a wide range of bacteria. That's why it is frequently used for individuals who are critically ill or have serious illnesses.
Because piperacillin's side chain is a challenging field from penicillin's, we still wouldn't expect cross-reactivity. The majority of patients with piperacillin-tazobactam allergy are really not allergic to penicillin.
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when testing a new drug to treat arthritis what method should be used to avoid bias in the data?
Double- blind experiments. A specific type of clinical experiment in which neither the research subject nor the subjects are aware of the treatment or intervention that each subject is receiving until the trial is over.
In a double-blind trial, neither the participants nor the researchers know which person is receiving a particular therapy. This method is applied to prevent bias from affecting research findings. The placebo effect and demand characteristics can both lead to bias, therefore double-blind trials are very useful in preventing this.
Although every study participant will take a tablet, only some of them will receive the actual medication that is being tested. The remainder of the patients will get an inactive placebo. The participants in a double-blind study are kept anonymous.
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