Natural selection is a process by which the individuals which possess a desirable trait are favored over the ones who don't.
Natural selection is basically an evolutionary process by which the populations of living organisms are able to adapt as well as change themselves. This was given by the naturalist Charles Darwin.
Individuals which are present in a particular population are basically naturally variable, this means that all these individuals are different in some type of ways. This kind of variation basically means that the individuals which have certain traits or characteristics that are better suited to the environment are favored over the individuals who don't.
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the ability of the muscle to continue to perform without fatigue. A. Muscle Strength B. Cardiovascular Endurance C. Muscle Endurance D. Flexibility
Answer:
C
Explanation:
All of the following should be done when centrifuging specimens, EXCEPT?
a) Specimens without anticoagulant should sit for 30 minutes before centrifugation.
b) Specimens with anticoagulant should sit for 20 minutes before centrifugation.
c) Cap all tubes for centrifugation.
d) Allow the centrifuge to come to a complete stop by itself before opening it.
The correct option is B ; Specimens with anticoagulant should sit for 20 minutes before centrifugation.
Put the collection tube upright in the rack and leave it there for 30 to 60 minutes to allow the blood to clot at room temperature. The minimum clotting time for people with a healthy clotting process is 30 minutes. Place the tube in the centrifuge with the stopper end up after allowing the clot to develop.
When the test calls for a sample of serum or plasma, it is crucial to separate the cellular and liquid components of a blood specimen as quickly as feasible. This is because the cells' interactions with the serum or plasma change its chemical makeup and skew the results of the test. Tube for a serum separator (SST): For use in numerous laboratory investigations, this tube comprises a serum gel separator and clot activator. To start the clotting, invert the tube.
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What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?
answer choices
natural selection
mutation
camouflage
adaptation
Word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment is D. Adaptation.
In general , Adaptations of certain characteristics and traits help an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. Adaptations can in various forms it may be behavioral, physiological, or structural.
They get originated from the process of natural selection, that is mechanism that help organisms to better adapted in their environment and survive, reproduce easily than those who are less adapted. On the other hand mutation is a genetic change . Camouflage is known as the behavioral adaptation .
Hence, D is the correct option
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the hereditary information in animal and plant cells is located on the chromosomes, which the cells store in the –
The Hereditary information in animal and plant cells is located on the chromosomes, which the cells store in the nucleus of the cell.
The nucleus serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell's control center. DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all take place within the nucleus, with only the final stage of gene expression (translation) localized to the cytoplasm. The nucleus serves as a house of the genome. The functions of the nucleus is:
Control of the genetical information of the cell and thus the heredity characteristics of an organism,control of the protein and enzyme synthesis.control of cell division and cell growth.storage of DNA, RNA and ribosome.regulation of the transcription of the mRNA to protein.For more information on nucleus, visit:
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which process is directly responsible for the synthesis of atp molecules? a. digestion b. excretion c. cellular respiration d. circulation.
An average of 32 ATP molecules are produced for every molecule of oxidized glucose during cellular respiration, which takes place mostly in the mitochondrial matrix.
Explain what respiration is."Respiration is defined as just a metabolic process in which the living cells of a living thing obtain energy in the form or ATP by taking on oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide from of the oxidation or complex organic compounds," according to the definition provided by the American Heart Association.
What is typical breathing?It's crucial to take into account a person's breathing difficulties when assessing respiration. Adults breathe between 12 & 16 times per minute while at rest.
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The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica: a. intima b. externa c. media d. interna
The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica media. Here option C is the correct answer.
The tunica media is located between the tunica intima (innermost layer) and the tunica externa (outermost layer) of the blood vessel wall. It is composed of smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers, and collagen fibers that provide support and elasticity to the vessel.
The smooth muscle cells in the tunica media can contract and relax in response to nerve signals or chemical signals from the body. This allows the blood vessel to adjust its diameter and regulate blood flow, which is important for maintaining blood pressure and delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout the body.
The thickness and composition of the tunica media can vary depending on the type of blood vessel. For example, arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins, as they are under greater pressure and need more muscle to maintain their shape and function. Similarly, larger blood vessels may have more elastic fibers in their tunica media to help them withstand the force of blood flow.
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Select the findings of Erwin Chargaff regarding DNA composition.a. pyrimidines = purinesb. G = Ac. A = Td. G=Ce. C = T
According to the findings of Erwin Chargaff regarding DNA composition.a. pyrimidines = purines the correct answer is e. C = T.
Chargaff's rule is a fundamental observation about the base composition of DNA molecules, first discovered by the biochemist Erwin Chargaff in the 1940s. The rule states that the amount of adenine (A) in a DNA molecule is always equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of guanine (G) is always equal to the amount of cytosine (C). In other words, A=T and G=C.
Chargaff's rule is important because it helped James Watson and Francis Crick to determine the structure of DNA in 1953. By knowing that A always pairs with T and G always pairs with C, they were able to propose that the two strands of the DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, forming a double helix structure. Chargaff's rule also has important implications for DNA replication and genetic inheritance, as the complementary base pairing allows the DNA molecule to be accurately duplicated and passed on to offspring.
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A newly formed zygote undergoes three cycles of division. What is the number of cells present and their size compared to the original zygote?
A.3 cells that are the same size
B.3 cells that are larger
C.6 cells that are the same size
D.8 cells that are smaller
E.8 cells that are larger
A newly formed zygote undergoes three cycles of division, resulting in 8 cells of the same size as the original zygote.
Option (E) is correct answer.
The first division results in two cells, the second division results in four cells, and the third division results in eight cells. Each of these cells will be the same size as the original zygote because the size of the zygote is divided equally among its daughter cells during cell division.
It's important to note that the size of the cells is determined by the amount of cytoplasm present in each cell. The genetic material, or DNA, is divided equally among the daughter cells during cell division, but the amount of cytoplasm may vary, which can affect the size of the resulting cells.
Hence, the correct option is E.
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In the overall reaction of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water molecules are converted into oxygen gas and ______, which the plant uses for food.
a. rubisco
b. glucose
c. iron
d. cholesterol
The overall reaction of photosynthesis involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into oxygen gas and glucose, which is used by the plant for food, the correct option is (b).
During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions combine with carbon dioxide to form glucose, which is stored as energy in the plant's cells. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of the plant cells, where the enzyme Rubisco catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and the first stable product of photosynthesis, a three-carbon compound called 3-phosphoglyceric acid. The glucose produced during photosynthesis provides energy for the plant's metabolic processes and is also used to build complex molecules like cellulose and starch.
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photosynthesis was a major evolutionary milestone because
Answer:
Photosynthesis sustains life on Earth today by releasing oxygen into the atmosphere and providing energy for food chains. The rise of oxygen-producing photosynthesis allowed the evolution of complex life forms like animals and land plants around 2.4 billion years ago.
Explanation:
What are three assumptions of science as a way of knowing about the world? O A. Natural causality, observable regularity, explanations are falsifiable O B. Natural causality, reliability, confidence OC. Infallibility, supernatural causality, falsifiability OD. Supernatural causality, observable regularity, data analysis
The three assumptions of science as a way to know about the world are Natural causality, observable regularity, explanations are falsifiable. So, option A is correct.
The three underlying tenets of science as a method of learning about the world are:
1) Natural causality: According to science, all occurrences in the natural world have natural causes and may be explained by following natural laws.
2) Visible regularity: The scientific method is predicated on the idea that natural occurrences are predictable and regular, and that patterns can be seen and measured.
3) Explanations: It can be disproven: According to science, hypotheses about how natural phenomena operate must be verifiable by empirical data.
As a result, choice A is the right one. Falsifiable explanations, natural causality, and observable regularity. The other choices are erroneous because they either propose supernatural causality or assert infallibility, which are not premises of science.
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which pathology report finding will most likely cause concern for colorectal cancer
Findings from adenomatous polyp pathology reports will probably raise questions about colorectal cancer.
The blood can contain compounds known as tumour markers that are produced by colorectal cancer cells on occasion. Carcinoembryonic antigen is the tumour marker most frequently found in colorectal cancer. Adenomatous polyps are the primary site of development for the vast majority of colorectal cancers. They can be described as clearly defined masses of crypt cell division and epithelial dysplasia. When cancerous cells penetrate the submucosa and the muscularis mucosa, an adenoma is deemed malignant. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) & CA 19-9 are two chemicals that colorectal cancer may make and are checked for using tumour marker assays. Findings from adenomatous polyp pathology reports will probably raise questions about colorectal cancer.The results of the tests may be used to choose the best course of therapy and, in certain cases, to predict whether the illness will reoccur.
(Which pathology report findings will most likely cause concern for colorectal cancer?
A. Hyperplastic polyp
B. Nonneoplastic polyp
C. Adenomatous polyp
D. Helicobacter pylori polyp)
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what are facial muscles
The facial muscles are a group of about 20 flat skeletal muscles Originating mainly from the bones of the skull and inserting onto the skin Of the face, which produce facial expressions.
The facial muscles, also called craniofacial muscles or mimetic muscles. These are positioned around facial openings (mouth, eye, nose and ear) or stretch across the skull and neck. Thus, these muscles are categorized Into several groups;
Muscles of the mouth (buccolabial group)
Muscles of the nose (nasal group)
Muscles of the cranium and neck (epicranial group)
Muscles of the external ear (auricular group)
Muscles of the eyelid (orbital group)
All of the facial muscles are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII) and Vascularized by the facial artery.
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what structural features of pea plant flowers made them suitable for mendel’s genetic studies?
The main structural feature that made pea plant flowers suitable for Mendel’s genetic studies was their self-pollinating ability.
Self-pollinating plants allow pollen to transfer from the anthers of the same flower to the stigma, which prevents cross-pollination.
This allowed Mendel to regulate the genetic variables of his studies by prohibiting the entry of unknown genes from other plants.
In addition, Mendel was able to pinpoint a variety of distinctive characteristics in pea plants, including bloom colour, seed form, and pod colour. Mendel was able to study the inheritance pattern of these qualities as a result, and it was this that inspired him to develop his principles of inheritance.
Also, Mendel was able to see the outcomes of his trials fast and make more observations in a shorter period of time because of the pea plant's short life cycle.
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A group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring is a common definition for- ecology- species- population- community
Species is a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
In general , species is considered as a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals that share common characteristics and are able to interbreed for producing fertile offspring.
Also , species is known as a group of individuals that are able of reproduce amongst each another and produce offspring that can also reproduce and produce fertile offspring. In biology the concept of species , population and community is used for classifying organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics.
Hence, B is the correct option
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which process results in daughter cells with half the original cell's genetic material?
Meiosis is the process that produces daughter cells that contain just 50 percent of the genetic material of the parent cell.
Cell division known as meiosis is necessary for eukaryotic sexual reproduction. As a result of DNA replication and two rounds of cell division during meiosis, four daughter cells are created, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
By the first round of division's separation of homologous chromosomes and the second round's separation of sister chromatids, the number of chromosomes is reduced. As a result, four haploid daughter cells with distinct genetic makeup are created, each of which has chromosomes from both parents.
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what kind of blood vessels obtain oxygen from air in the lungs?
Alveolar walls include blood arteries called CAPILLARIES. Through the PULMONARY ARTERY and PULMONARY VEIN, blood enters and exits the body through capillaries.
Blood absorbs oxygen from the air in the alveoli while it is in the capillaries and releases carbon dioxide via the capillary wall into to the capillaries.
The lungs contain millions of airways that are filled with clean, oxygenated air as we breathe in. The oxygen then enters the capillaries, and that are tiny blood vessels inside a network inside the lungs, and travels into the blood after first passing through the extremely thin walls of a air sacs. Blood absorbs oxygen from the air in the alveoli while it is in the capillaries and releases carbon dioxide via the capillary wall into to the capillaries.
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a sudden global decrease in the number of species over a relatively short period of time, called is
A sudden global decrease in the number of species over a relatively short period of time, called is Mass extinction.
A mass extinction is typically described as the extinction of about three-quarters of all species on Earth during a "short" geological time span. Given the immense length of time that has passed since life first originated on Earth, "short" is defined as anything less than 2.8 million years.
Major extinctions are relatively uncommon. They induce severe changes in the Earth's biosphere, creating possibilities for surviving species and their progeny as they adapt to the new conditions, claiming abandoned ecological niches or filling newly formed ones. Comet and asteroid impacts, extensive volcanism, climatic changes, fast changes in topography and ocean currents, or a combination of these elements can all produce mass extinction events.
In Earth's history, there have been five particularly massive extinction events. Each one is distinguished by a noticeable fall in biodiversity that occurs in the fossil record and lasts for tens of millions of years later. With the commencement of each major extinction event, the relatively abrupt loss of enormous numbers of species significantly simplified or caused the collapse of many of Earth's biological ecosystems.
Throughout time, surviving species took ecological niches formerly held by other species (some of which may have preyed on or competed with them), and also filled new niches as ecosystems recovered and new biological groups emerged.
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what ingredients are formed when an atp molecule breaks?
The ATP molecule breaks off one in all its 3 phosphates whilst a mobileular wishes to expend energy to complete a job, resulting in the formation of ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate.
Adenosine triphosphate is the molecular compound that acts as the unit of energy in a cell. Because it can be "spent" to start chemical processes, ATP is referred to as money.
There are three components to an ATP atom. Adenine, a double helix of carbon and nitrogen ions, makes up one component. A tiny carbohydrate termed ribose, which has five carbons, is joined to the adenine molecule. This results in the discharge of about 7.3 kilocalories of energy. The organism can use this energy to carry out its tasks.
The enzyme adenosine triphosphatase is responsible for breaking down an ATP molecule.
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when examining the skull of a 4-month-old baby, you should normally find:
When examining the skull of a 4-month-old baby, you should normally find is option B. closure of the posterior fontanel.
The anterior fontanelle (the soft spot on the top of the head) is still present and open at 4 months of age, and it will not close until around 18 months of age. The posterior fontanelle, located at the back of the head, however, usually closes by 2 months of age. Ossification of all sutures and cranial bone overlap are unusual at this age and may indicate abnormal skull development or premature closure of the fontanelles.
Closure of the posterior fontanel in a 4-month-old baby is normal. The lambda, or posterior fontanelle, is a diamond-shaped soft spot at the back of the head where the parietal and occipital bones meet. It is typically 0.5 to 1.0 cm in size and closes between the ages of 2 and 3 months.
The posterior fontanelle closes as the bones of the skull grow and fuse together, which is a normal part of skull development. The fontanelles act as "windows" in the skull bones, allowing for flexibility and growth during childbirth and early infancy. The fontanelles close and the bones become more solid as the skull grows and matures.
If the posterior fontanelle remains open after 3 months or appears to be growing larger, it may indicate a cranial abnormality and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
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the heart naturally slows when responding to a) acetylcholine. b) epinephrine. c) endorphin. d) nitric oxide. e) gaba.
Option a is Correct. The response of the heart to acetylcholine is a normal slowing. Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, is released by the parasympathetic nerve (vagus nerve) to slow heart rate.
Acetylcholine. This excitatory neurotransmitter performs a variety of tasks in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system (CNS [brain and spinal cord]) (nerves that branch from the CNS). ACh diffuses through the postsynaptic or postjunctional membrane and binds to specific receptors there.
A membrane channel that is selectively permeable to both Na+ and K+ changes shape upon binding of ACh to its receptors. Synaptic vesicular exocytosis is the traditional way through which neurotransmitters are released from neurons. The presynaptic terminal contains vesicles where neurotransmitters are kept. They briefly join the cell after stimulation.
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As discussed in lecture, color vision is a complicated process in which receptors transduce lightwaves into neural impulses that the brain interprets into the perception of millions of colors. Damage to any part of this system can create a problem. For example, monochromatism can result from damage to the _____________, such as happened to my former student who was kicked in the head by a horseA) frontal cortexB) occipital cortexC) parietal cortexD) temporal cortex
Answer:
occpital cortex
Explanation:
its responsible for good vission
True or False: The exergonic reactions in our biosphere must release more energy than is needed for the endergonic reactions.
The statement given is true that exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy.
In order for endergonic reactions to occur, they must be coupled with exergonic reactions that release more energy than is needed for the endergonic reactions. This is known as energy coupling, and it allows for the overall energy balance in a system to remain constant. Energy cannot be generated or destroyed; it can only be moved or transformed from one form to another, according to the basic law of thermodynamics. Therefore, the total amount of energy in a system must remain constant. In biological systems, endergonic reactions require energy to occur, while exergonic reactions release energy. In order for endergonic reactions to occur, they must be coupled with exergonic reactions that release more energy than is needed for the endergonic reactions.
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if you were asked to describe the process of replication using only one word, what would be your best response? a. repeat b. fabricate c. change d. explain
The process of replication can be described using only one word such as fabricate. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is the process of replication?Replication is the process through which a double-stranded DNA molecule is being copied to produce two identical DNA molecules in the nucleus of cell. DNA replication is one of the most basic processes which occurs within a cell.
The steps involved in replication of DNA include:
Step 1: Replication Fork Formation. This occurs before DNA can be replicated, the double stranded molecule must be unzipped into two single strands. Step 2: Primer Binding, it includes the leading strand is the simplest to replicate, Step 3: Elongation, this involves the addition of nucleotide units to synthesize DNA strands, Step 4: Termination of replication, it is the point where the process of replication stops.
Fabricating or fabricate a part or product means making it from the scratch using raw or semi-finished materials.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of Multiple Choice multiple nuclei per cell. actin and myosin filaments intercalated disks. the branching of cells, tendons connecting the muscle to bone.
Stripes in skeletal muscle are caused by the presence of intercalated actin and myosin filaments, which are in the second option because skeletal muscle is voluntary.
What are the skeletal muscles?The presence of skeletal muscles in the hand and legs explains that the muscles are present in these organs and allow for voluntary actions such as bringing objects, etc., while the muscle movement is due to the actin and myosine movement. Smooth muscle supports the internal organs, while cardiac muscle supports the heart.
Hence, stripes in skeletal muscle are thus caused by the presence of intercalated actin and myosin filaments, as described in the second option.
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what is meant by the ""universality of the genetic code""?
Genetic codes can be used in every living system, in any kind of environment, at any period due to their universality, which makes them omnipresent.
Examples include the fact that the identical amino acid, methionine, is coded for by the triplet code AUG in both bacteria and humans. The code's universality is most likely the product of a frozen accident, or the negative effects of codon reassignment in the SGC, along with the deterrent effects of code modifications on horizontal gene transfer. Due to the nonrandom nature of the SGC structure, the code is highly resilient to errors in translation and mutation. The extension of the primordial code, which was prompted by the diversification of the repertory of protein amino acids, most likely resulted in this mistake minimization as a byproduct.
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The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell in humans are
A) 10; B) 23; C) 30; D) 46; E) 92
Answer:
B. 23
Explanation:
In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells
multiple choice question which of the following types of reactions occurs when individual nucleotide monomers join together to form a strand of rna, a large nucleic acid polymer? multiple choice question. dehydration synthesis reaction combustion reaction hydrolytic reaction decomposition reaction
When distinct nucleotide monomers come together to create a strand during a rna dehydration synthesis step, the subsequent sorts of reactions take place.
Dehydration: What causes it?Drinking extra water or other liquids will usually help adults who are mildly to moderately dehydrated due to diarrhea, vomiting, or fever. Strong fruit juices and carbonated beverages may make diarrhea worse. Cool water is your best bet if you work or exercise outside when it's hot or humid.
When will my body be properly hydrated?Rehydrating your body can start in as little as 5 minutes. The body will prefer digesting food over water if you drink water while eating, on the other hand. Water digestion frequently requires up to 120 minutes.
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consciousness of the outside world requires complex interactions between the cerebral cortex and the
consciousness of the outside world requires complex interactions between the cerebral cortex and the thalamus.
The thalamus is a small structure deep within the brain that functions as a relay station for sensory information. Sensory information from the body is first sent to the thalamus, which then sends it to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for processing and integration.
The cerebral cortex is the brain's outer layer and is in charge of many of the brain's higher functions, such as consciousness, perception, and thought. It is divided into various regions, each with its own set of functions, such as the visual cortex, auditory cortex, and somatosensory cortex.
Sensory information must first be transmitted to the thalamus, which then sends the information to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex for processing before consciousness of the outside world can occur. The sensory information is then integrated with other cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and decision-making by the cerebral cortex to form a coherent conscious experience of the outside world.
As a result, complex interactions between the thalamus and cerebral cortex are required for consciousness of the external world to occur.
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PROBABLE QUESTION WOULD BE.
consciousness of the outside world requires complex interactions between the cerebral cortex and the ....................... (FILL IN THE BLANKS)
this lab includes an experiment that tests the effect of ________ on the development of axillary buds.A) auxinB) Protoplast.C) Cell suspension.
Option A is Correct. An experiment in this lab examines the impact of auxin on the growth of axillary buds. The cell plating method developed by Bergmann is used to cultivate the protoplasts on the plate.
The protoplasts are set in place for cell division and future expansion at this point. The agar method is effective in preventing clumps from forming in the cultures. Protoplast culture is the method used to create whole plants from a culture of cells lacking a cell wall.
Since its discovery more than a century ago, this method has been employed extensively in agricultural improvement and plant breeding initiatives. The plants created by tissue culture will be somaclones, or genetically identical to the parent plant from which they were developed.
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