Up to 5% to 20% of cancers come from acquired genetic mutations of the tumour suppressor gene.
Cancer-suppressing DNA. These traits offer protection. They typically prevent cell development by:
- observing the rate at which cells proliferate to produce new cells
- repairing faulty DNA
- regulating the time of cell death
A tumour suppressor gene mutation causes uncontrollable cell growth. Eventually, they might even develop growth. Tumour suppressor genes include p53 or TP53, BRCA1, and BRCA2.
Hereditary breast or ovarian tumours are more likely to strike women with germline abnormalities in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes than they are to strike men with these mutations. In both males and women, they raise the chance of melanoma and pancreatic cancer.
The p53 or TP53 gene is the one that is most frequently altered in cancer patients. Over 50% of tumours have a damaged or absent p53 gene. Most abnormalities in the p53 gene are inherited. Although germline p53 mutations are uncommon, those who have them have a greater chance of getting a wide range of cancers.
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Design your own experiment to test the movement of water into or out of a substance/ organism. Consider things like living/ nonliving, adding solutes, varying time, varying temperature, in your design. Illustrate and explain your experiment AND your hypothesis.
Answer:
My experiment would involve testing the movement of water into or out of a living organism. I would design an experiment where I add a certain amount of a solute to a living organism, such as a plant, then measure the amount of water that enters or leaves the organism over a period of time. In addition, I would vary the temperatures to see how the rate of movement is affected. My hypothesis is that the rate of water movement will increase as the temperature increases, and the amount of solute added to the organism will also affect the rate of water movement.
what is the antonym imprint permanently
The opposite of impressing or infixing into a surface, an item, or a person's psyche. Destroy, disregard, and disturb.
Permanent can also be described as strong, long-lasting, and steady. All of these phrases refer to anything that is "enduring for so long as to look fixed or established," but the word "permanent" adds the impression that it was intended to last or continue indefinitely.
Ephemeral acting serving as a temporary replacement in particular. Ephemeral, fugacious, passing, fleeting, temporary lasting for a moment or two. forever and ever: Your health will likely be irreparably harmed if you smoke. Michael and his family have made their home in the United States for good. I feel like I'm broke all the time.
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In whitetail deer, females seldom grow antlers. Which BEST explains why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers? A. Female deer have no need for antlers. B. Male deer are older than female deer. C. Antler growth is controlled by genes. D. Antler growth depends on behavior.
C, antler growth is controlled by genes, is the most accurate explanation for why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers.
The BEST explanation for why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers is that antler growth is controlled by genes. In most deer species, antlers are primarily a secondary sexual characteristic that males use to compete for mates during the breeding season. The presence of antlers in males is largely determined by genetic factors, specifically the presence of testosterone, which is responsible for initiating antler growth.
While female deer may also benefit from antlers in terms of protection or foraging, the selective pressure for antlers is much lower in females compared to males. Thus, females may have evolved to allocate their resources towards other traits that are more advantageous for their survival and reproduction.
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Is allele frequency the same as phenotype frequency?
Allele frequency is not the same as phenotype frequency. This is because allele frequency explains the frequency of occurrence of a particular gene or allele, not a trait.
Allele frequency describes the frequency of a particular gene or allele that shows up in a given population. Whereas phenotype frequency describes the frequency of occurrence of a particular trait in a given population. p and q are used to denote allele frequencies. The phenotype frequency gives the frequency of traits.
For example, let's consider the occurrence of the white and purple colors of a flower. The allele for purple is W and for white is w. The frequency of occurrence of W and w give the allele frequency. And, the frequency of occurrence of white and purple colors gives the phenotype frequency. Therefore, allele frequency and phenotype frequency are not the same.
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An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. (the actual alleles an individual inherited from their parents)Choose matching terma. allelesb. homozygousc. genotyped. recessive
How do reticulocytes differ from mature red blood cells? Select all that apply.
A. Reticulocytes have polyribosomes; RBCs do not.
B. A reticulocyte doesn't have a nucleus; a RBC does.
C. RBCs are more numerous; only 0.5-1.5% of circulating blood cells are reticulocytes.
Reticulocytes contain polyribosomes but RBCs do not. RBCs are high which is only 0.5-1.5% of circulating blood cells are reticulocytes. So, the correct options are A and C.
What are Reticulocytes?Reticulocytes are defined as immature red blood cells (RBCs) that undergo erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow which then circulate in the bloodstream for about a year before developing into mature red blood cells which is aired during the day.
Reticulocytes contain polyribosomes but RBCs do not where the RBCs are high which is only 0.5-1.5% of circulating blood cells are reticulocytes.
Therefore, the correct options are A and C.
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What are the 4 types of epithelial tissue?
Why do harmful alleles stay in a population?
Harmful alleles happen to stay in a population because they get linked to the beneficial alleles.
Alleles are basically the two different copies of the same gene and are found in the population. The allelic frequency of a particular population may or may not change over a period of time. The harmful alleles which are responsible for causing various diseases stay in the population as they sometimes get linked to the beneficial genes.
The natural selection is not able to eliminate diseases. Although, it helps in producing the progenies and also selecting individuals which have desirable traits but this is not equivalent to the absence of diseases from a population.
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Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis, and later the adaptor was discovered to be:
A) siRNA
B) amino acid
C) tRNA
D) mRNA
E) micro RNA
Francis Crick put forth the adaptor hypothesis, and tRNA was later found to be the adaptor. The correct answer is option(c).
Francis Crick OM FRS was an English microscopic wildlife expert, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. He, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins acted important functions in understanding the curling form of the DNA particle.
Transfer RNA (shortened tRNA) is a narrow RNA fragment that plays a key duty in protein combination. Transfer RNA serves as a link (or adaptor) 'tween the emissary RNA (mRNA) particle and the increasing chain of amino acids that compensate for a protein.
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why are all of the fossil taxa from the pliocene in this module called hominins?
The fossil taxa from the pliocene in this module called hominins because they are in the family, Hominidae.
Great apes are a taxonomic own circle of relatives of primates labeled as Hominidae and encompass seven dwelling species in 4 types- chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan), gorillas (Gorilla), orangutans (Pongo), and people (Homo). Hominidae turned into in the beginning the call given to the own circle of relatives of people and their (extinct) near relatives, with the opposite extremely good apes (that is, the orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees) all being positioned in a separate own circle of relatives, the Pongidae. Hominid – the institution including all current and extinct Great Apes (that is, current people, chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans plus all their on the spot ancestors).
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Complete question-
Why are all of the fossil taxa from the Pliocene in this module called hominins?
a. Because they are in the family, Hominidae
b. Because they are in the subfamily, Homininae
c. Because they are in the tribe, Hominini
d. Because they are bipedal.
when phospholipids are placed in water they spontaneously from a bilayer with which of the followingA. phospholipid bilayerB. it allows the nonpolar tails to avoid contact with waterC. the polar heads on the surface and the non polar tails in the interiorD. - receptor mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis
-endocytosis
-pinocytosis
Option A is Correct. Phospholipids form a bilayer with other phospholipids when they are introduced in water. The head regions travel away from the bilayer's edge and make contact with the nearby water molecules.
Phospholipids naturally form bilayers in aqueous solutions because their fatty acid tails are not very soluble in water. As a result, the hydrophobic tails are hidden inside the membrane's core while the polar head groups are exposed on both sides and in touch with the water.
Phospholipids form a structure known as a bilayer when they are submerged in water. The interior of the bilayer, farthest from the water, is where the water-averse tail regions congregate.
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Correct Question:
When phospholipids are placed in water they spontaneously from a bilayer with which of the following
A. phospholipid bilayer
B. it allows the nonpolar tails to avoid contact with water
C. the polar heads on the surface and the non polar tails in the interior
D. receptor mediated endocytosis.
Which statement about the distance between the stars and the Earth is true?
A Compared to the sun, most stars are about half as far away from Earth.
B Although all stars other than the sun are far away from Earth, some are closer than others.
C Some stars are far away from Earth, while others are as close as the clouds.
D Compared to the sun, most stars are about twice as far away from Earth.
B) Although all stars other than the sun are far away from Earth, some are closer than others.
Are stars actually closer to the Earth?
This statement is true. The distance between the stars and the Earth varies greatly depending on the location and movement of the stars. Although all stars are incredibly far away from Earth, some are relatively closer than others. For example, the nearest star to Earth, Proxima Centauri, is approximately 4.24 light-years away, while the farthest known star is more than 13 billion light-years away.
Most stars in our galaxy are tens of thousands of light-years away from Earth, and some are even hundreds of thousands of light-years away.
Therefore, the distance between the stars and the Earth can vary significantly, and no one statement can apply to all stars.
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A marine biologist was taking photographs of ocean animals. One animal was asymmetrical and full of tiny openings that looked like pores.
Which group did the animal belong to?
Echinoderms
Porifera
Arthropods
Cnidaria
Answer:
They are commonly called sponges. They are generally marine and mostly asymmetrical animals. Sponges have a water transport or canal system. Water enters through minute pores (ostia) in the body wall into a central cavity, spongocoel, from where it goes out through the osculum.
Answer:
porifera
Explanation:
took the test
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased:a. parasympathetic stimulation to the heartb. sympathetic stimulation to the heartc. blood flow to the lungsd. heart ratee. cardiac outpu
The correct option is (B) sympathetic stimulation to the heartc. Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood will result in increased sympathetic stimulation to the heart.
Increased carbon dioxide levels trigger chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies to send signals to the cardiovascular center in the brainstem, resulting in increased sympathetic stimulation to the heart, which in turn increases heart rate and cardiac output.
Sympathetic stimulation to the heart is the correct answer. Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood will result in increased sympathetic stimulation to the heart, which increases heart rate and cardiac output.
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what are the main difference between animal and plant cells??
How do these differences influence the internal structure of these cell
The main difference is that Animal Cells do not have a cell wall, plants do. there's obviously more but I believe that's the main difference
A cell membrane and a cell wall are features of plant cells. The cell membrane is surrounded by the cell wall in plants. The plant cell's distinctive rectangular shape is due to this. Plant cells lack the centrosome and lysosome, while animal cells only have a cell membrane and no cell wall, giving them a circular shape. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole.
China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time in six decades. According to u. N. Estimates, which country is poised to overtake china as the world’s most populous country later this year?
India is ready to turn into the world's most crowded country this year - outdoing China, which has held the differentiation since somewhere around 1950 when the Assembled Countries populace records start.
As indicated by projections by the Total populace Survey, India has outperformed China as the world's most crowded country. While India's populace was 1.42 billion as of January 18, China interestingly detailed a fall of 850,000 since the 1960s and presently remains at 1.41 billion.
The country's populace fell in 2022 to 1.411 billion, down exactly 850,000 individuals from the earlier year, China's Public Department of Measurements (NBS) reported during a Tuesday preparation on yearly information.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. new nail growth comes from the _____.
The new nail growth comes from the nail root.
Nails which are present in our body are basically composed of keratin. The hard surface present on the nails basically helps to protect the tips of our toes as well as fingers. The nail growth starts in the nail root which is located hidden under the cuticle.
When the cells present in the nail root nail grow, the new nail cells basically happen to push the old nail cells out. These old cells of the nails flatten and harden because of the keratin protein. The nail which is formed newly then slides along the nail bed which is a flat surface that is present under our nails and is placed on top of tiny blood vessels which give our nails their pink color.
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of the taxa listed on the phylogeny, which is more closely related to bats?
The taxa on the phylogeny is closer to bats than others are Bats are related to both birds and turtles.
Which species is closer to each other?The relationship between two species in a phylogenetic tree has a very specific meaning. If two species share a more recent ancestor, they are more related, and if they share a less recent ancestor, they are less related.
A taxon in a phylogenetic tree is what?Elements that make up a phylogenetic tree. A tree's tips, also known as its leaves, can be individuals, species, populations, or even genes. Taxa are the names given to the tips if they belong to a formal group (singular: taxon). A group of organisms of any hierarchical rank, such as a family, genus, or species, is known as a "taxon."
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how cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones
Cell sensitivity might grow or decrease depending on the quantity of hormone receptors present.
Up-regulation, a reaction to growing hormone levels that makes the cell more responsive to the hormone and permits increased cellular activity, can cause the number of receptors to rise. Moreover, the quantity of hormone receptors that activate cells might alter throughout time, increasing or decreasing the sensitivity of the cells.
Up-regulation occurs when the number of receptors rises in response to an increase in hormone levels, increasing the sensitivity of the cell to the hormone and enabling higher levels of cellular activity. Humoral stimuli, hormonal stimuli, and neurological stimuli are the three main ways that endocrine glands are triggered to produce and release hormones.
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what is the nape of the neck
The nape of the neck is basically the back side of our neck which is also sometimes called the nucha.
The nape can be basically defined the back of our neck. In technical medical or the technical terminology, the nape is also known as the the nucha.
In a number of different mammals the nape happens to bear a loose as well as non-sensitive area of the skin which is basically known as known as the scruff. It is seen in dogs that it is by this scruff which a mother basically carries her young by her teeth. Sometimes pain is observed in this part of the body due to a bad posture, mental stress etc.
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A crime lab is using mitochondrial DNA as evidence in an upcoming case. Why is a crime lab MOST likely to use mitochondrial DNA instead of nuclear DNA as evidence in a case?
because human remains have been charred by fire
because the DNA sample is smaller than a quarter
because there are no human teeth or bones available
because the DNA sample is more than three years old
The crime lab will be using mitochondrial DNA as an evidence instead of the nuclear DNA as the human remains must have got charred by the fire.
The correct option is option a.
The forensics team which is examining a mitochondrial DNA will look for biological items of evidence from the crime scenes in order to determine the mitochondrial DNA (or the mtDNA) sequence from the samples like the bones, hair and the teeth. These items basically contains low concentrations of the degraded DNA which makes them unsuitable for nuclear DNA examinations.
The high sensitivity of mitochondrial DNA analysis happens to allow the forensic scientists to obtain required information from items of evidence.
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Which of the statements is a simplified equation for cellular respiration? O glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + waterO lipid + water ---> fatty acids + carbon dioxide O carbon dioxide + water + light ---> glucose + oxygen O glucose + nitrogen ---> carbon monoxide + water
The explanation that is an improved condition for cellular respiration is A: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
Cell breath is the interaction by which cells convert supplements, like glucose, into energy that can be utilized by the cell. A mind-boggling set of biochemical responses happens in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
The course of cell breath includes the breakdown of glucose through a progression of responses, eventually delivering ATP, the energy money of the phone. The responses associated with cell breath can be partitioned into three fundamental stages: glycolysis, the citrus extract cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
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What are the 5 parts of the nose?
The human nose is composed of several different parts, each with its own function. The five main parts of the nose are Nasal Bones, Nasal Cavity, Septum, Sinuses and Turbinate's:
Nasal Bones: These are the two small bones that make up the bridge of the nose. They are located at the top of the nose and provide structural support.
Nasal Cavity: This is the large, hollow space inside the nose that air flows through. The nasal cavity is lined with mucous membranes that help to filter and warm the air as it enters the body.
Septum: The septum is the wall of cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into two separate chambers.
Turbinate's: These are small, bony structures inside the nasal cavity that help to increase the surface area of the mucous membranes. This helps to filter and humidify the air as it passes through the nose.
Sinuses: The sinuses are hollow spaces located in the bones of the face that connect to the nasal cavity. They help to lighten the skull and provide resonance to the voice.
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rem sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects? group of answer choices. A. Intense,prolonged periods of stage 3 and 4 sleep. B. Interfence wwith memory tasks. C. Decreased sleep onset episodes. D. Sleep apnea and night terrors. E. Heightened manifest dream conten
Intense, Prolonged periods of stage 3 and 4 sleep: REM sleep deprivation can lead to an increase in deep sleep, also known as stage 3 and 4 sleep, which are usually followed by lighter sleep stages.
A. This can cause longer and more intense periods of deep sleep, and can lead to a feeling of tiredness during the day.
B. Interference with memory tasks: REM sleep deprivation has been linked to impairments in memory formation and recall. Studies have found that REM sleep deprivation impairs the ability to remember information, and can lead to difficulty concentrating and completing tasks.
C. Decreased sleep onset episodes: REM sleep deprivation can lead to a prolonged sleep latency period, which is the amount of time it takes to fall asleep. This can lead to decreased sleep onset episodes and an increased difficulty in getting a good night’s sleep.
D. Sleep apnea and night terrors: REM sleep deprivation can increase the risk of developing sleep apnea and night terrors, which can cause extreme fatigue, irritability, and mood swings.
E. Heightened manifest dream content: REM sleep deprivation can increase the amount of manifest dream content, which are dreams that are remembered when one wakes up.
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Compared to aerobic respiration, glycolysis produces _________ atp.
In anaerobic circumstances, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis. Anaerobic breath brings about the development of 2 ATP particles.
In oxygen-consuming circumstances, pyruvate enters the citrus extract cycle and goes through oxidative phosphorylation prompting the net creation of 32 ATP particles. Glycolysis (see "Glycolysis" idea) is an anaerobic interaction - it needn't bother with oxygen to continue. This interaction delivers an insignificant measure of ATP. The Krebs cycle and electron transport in all actuality do require oxygen to continue, and within the sight of oxygen, these interactions produce significantly more ATP than glycolysis alone.
This high creation happens because of the total breakdown of glucose into CO2 and Energy (ATP). In oxygen-consuming breath 38 ATP is delivered through in an anaerobic breath just 2 ATP is created with the development of an extra side item like lactic corrosive or ethanol.
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what meninges will closest to the bone of the vertebrate?
The dura mater is the outer, strong, thick membrane layer that is located just below your skull and spinal column.
Which meningeal layer is located near to the bone?The cerebral dura mater, the topmost layer of the meninges, is formed of dense, asymmetric connective tissue. It has two layers, with the periosteal cranial dura serving as the outermost layer. The inner table of the cranial vault bones are covered, acting as the periosteal layer of the skull.
Which meninge is the one that is situated closest to the spinal cord?The brain and spinal cord are protected by meninges, three-layered membranes. The thin inner layer is known as the pia mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid, a web-like structure filled with fluid that protects the brain.
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Which describes a flower?
A. it is used for photosynthesis.
B. It is a reproductive structure.
i believe it’s B. It is a reproductive structure.
Answer:
A is the answer because a flower uses photosynthesis to Bloom and became beautiful also colourful
which of these is the first step in specifying the direction that research will take?
Identification and definition of your investigation's focus are the first steps in doing action research. Create some questions about the subject of your concentration.
Finally, you must come up with a strategy for studying and responding to the questions you have created. A researchable issue should be chosen. Finding a researchable problem is the first stage in the study process. In order to answer your research topic, you must first categorize, locate, evaluate, and investigate the data. Next, you must create and explain your views.
A method of conducting research that is not theoretically grounded is known as a "research design." b) The decision to employ qualitative or quantitative techniques. b) The manner in which you show the results of your research, such as via a graph.
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Correct Question:
What is the first step in specifying the direction that research will take?
if a bacterium adapted to a warm environment were moved to a much colder environment, what changes to the membrane lipids should the bacterium make?a)Because increased temperature decreases fluidity, the bacterium should increase the length of fatty acid tails on membrane lipids b)Because increased temperature increases fluidity, the bacterium should decrease the length of fatty acid tails on membrane lipids c)Because increased temperature decreases fluidity, the bacterium should decrease the length of fatty acid tails on membrane lipids d)Because increased temperature increases fluidity, the bacterium should increase the length of fatty acid tails on membrane lipids
Without control, a membrane would form when an organism went from a high concentration to a low temperature. Without control, a living thing changed from a high with inadequate fluid.
Describe a fluid?Liquid, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets are all components of blood. Lymph is made up of lymphocytes. The body's blood circulates nutrients, waste products, and gases. Gases, hormones, and nutrients are transported via lymph. A lubricating fluid separates two stable surfaces in lubricated friction, a type of fluid friction. Fluids are substances that exhibit fluidity. Fluids include, for example, liquid and gas. The ability of a particle to move about in space is due to its fluidity. In general, gases are more fluid than liquids.
Describe a molecule?Two or maybe more atoms are linked by chemical bonds to form a molecule.
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________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.
Crista Galli a superior projection on the Ethmoid bone attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.
The ethmoid bone, which is found near the base of the skull, protrudes superiorly and forms the crista galli. The falx cerebri, a piece of dura mater that divides the two hemispheres of the brain, attaches to the triangular ridge at this location. This attachment offers the brain additional support and works to limit excessive movement that can harm sensitive brain areas.
One of the bones that make up the skull is the ethmoid bone, which is crucial in supporting and safeguarding the brain. It is part of the nasal cavity and the eye sockets, and it is situated at the base of the skull. There are various projections on the ethmoid bone, but the crista galli is particularly significant because it holds the brain securely inside the skull.
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