2. As the general labor union movement weakened after the Haymarket Riots, the American trade movement and the American Federation of Labor improved its standing. true or false
The Haymarket Riot (also known as the “Haymarket Incident” and “Haymarket Affair”) occurred on May 4, 1886, when a labor protest rally near Chicago’s Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police.
At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing.
The Haymarket Riot was viewed as a setback for the organized labor movement in America, which was fighting for rights like the eight-hour workday. At the same time, many in the labor movement viewed the convicted men as martyrs.
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Based on the information in the map, determine whether each description applies more to the British forces or the American forces during the Revolutionary War.
Based totally on the information in the course of modern warfare,
British:
-their troop motion included extra distances
-They received the general public of coastal victories.
-in step with the dates on the map, the majority of their depicted victories came about earlier in the conflict.
American:
-they had no main troop movement via the Atlantic Ocean.
-They gained most of the people from inland victories.
-in line with the dates on the map, the majority of their depicted victories happened later in the battle.
The Yankee Revolution—moreover known as the U.S. warfare of Independence—emerge as the rebellion fought between 1775 and 1783 through which thirteen of first-rate Britain's North American colonies threw off British rule to put in the sovereign u.s. folks, based on the assertion of Independence in 1776.
There are many reasons why the British had been out of place in the struggle, no matter having the pinnacle hand in weaponry and soldiers. Some of those embody the British stopping on American land, contemporary-day Howe's lack of judgment, and the giving up of Lord Cornwallis and his squaddies.
Possibly the single maximum crucial purpose for the patriot victory turned into the breadth of guides for the Revolution. The Revolution may need to have failed miserably without the participation of masses of normal farmers, artisans, and personnel who positioned themselves in the line of hearth.
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Who was the leader again?
\
A leader is someone that possess leadership skills.
Who is a leader?A leader can be defined as someone that possess leadership skills and has the capacity or ability to lead people.
A leader tend to live an exemplary life that is worthy of emulation and must be capable to direct people under him or her.
Therefore A leader is someone that possess leadership skills.
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Select the correct answer.
Which practice would liberals in 1800s Europe most likely support?
A. A government-maintained social class and hierarchy.
B. A constitution that protected citizens' rights and freedoms.
C. The church holding influence over the government's decisions.
D. A monarch having the final say in all political matters.
Answer:
Answer: A monarch having the final say in all political matters.
Explanation:
The majority of Europe was still ruled by monarchies in the 1800s. Liberal groups, however, drew largely on the republican, democratic model of the United States. Conservatives of the time aspired to preserve the monarchical system. Conservatives were, therefore, more inclined to support preserving the monarch while seeking advice from experts out of the available alternatives.
Explanation:
1) What is the socratic method?
2) What is descent?
3) How did Alexander the great untangle the gordias knot?
4) What is Alexandria?
Answer:
The Socratic method is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions.
What were the effects of independent Israel being created
Answer:
Middle Eastern nations welcomed Israel as a new nation.
What is the history of Israel's creation?In a middle eastern location, a people settle. Due to the extreme drought, they are compelled to relocate to another nation in order to get food. the country of Egypt. They are ultimately made slaves while still in that nation. Many years pass until someone is born who can lead these people out of servitude and back to the Middle Eastern region they fled. Once they have established themselves in their new "homeland," another conquering group sell them back into slavery. Babylonian people. Years later, a wise and kind king of Babylonia grants them permission to return to their own land. Additionally, they are free to pick their own king. But from that point on, they continue to be governed by various conquistadors. Eventually, a conqueror (the Romans) arrives and scatters these people far from their homes out of pure retaliation. They refer to this as the Diaspora. always looking forward to going home again someday. Unfortunately, two completely foreign religions emerge and take control of their country. those who are not totally accepting of their worldview. But both of those were inspired by their philosophy. These individuals have been wandering the known globe for hundreds of years in search of a place to call home. They are, however, seldom permitted to remain in one spot for an extended period of time and are frequently blamed for any unexplained problems that arise everywhere they go.
Years pass by. A brand-new World is found. They continue to be ejected from other countries on a regular basis. These folks have yet to visit the location that they believe their deity gave them as a special gift to keep for all eternity. A few people start emigrating to this recently discovered world. A World War encourages a significant exodus, both to the New World and back to their native countries. Zionists are an organization that encourages people to be determined to reclaim their "God given" country. The peoples there, who have lived there for more than a thousand years, are particularly enraged by the Zionists' attitude. those who practice a different religion. So, tensions between these two dissimilar peoples start to grow. These individuals can flourish in this New World thanks to several new technology, though. As a result, more of them start moving there. from every country to which the Diaspora had transported them. In spite of this, the great majority choose to stay put. One of the biggest proponents kills around six million of these people on purpose during the Second World War. Many of these increasingly terrified and anxious individuals decide to leave either to their ancestral homeland or to the far larger potential (and safety) of the New World as a result of the victorious conclusion of this battle. Ironically, three times as many members of this specific group today live in a single New World nation as those who opted to return to their own country. Just What?
They were eventually able to establish a new state in the territory they had long believed to be theirs because to the collective shame of the world over what had been done to them and the political might of their relatives in the New World.
The several individuals who had been present for as long as they could remember did not take kindly to this. those who follow a different religion.
After this new state was established, there were several significant disputes between the newcomers and the established residents of the area. They finally turned the tide of war and were able to further extend the initial region they were first given with the aid of the political and military might of the New World. Sadly, there is now a strong level of enmity between the recently arrived and the great majority of people living around this new state.
A animosity that might not be resolved until some horrifying nuclear solution is reached. And ideally neither side would want for anything on purpose. But it is becoming evident that such a fate is heading toward unavoidable.
What was the effect of reagan's aggressive campaign against rogue regimes, particularly in the middle east? a. it alienated the united states' western allies, who thought they had gone too far. b. it defeated global terrorism, except for isolated incidents. c. it was unsuccessful and therefore quickly abandoned. d. it caused resentment against the united states and led to more attacks.
One major effect of Reagan's aggressive campaign against rogue regimes in the Middle East was d. it caused resentment against the United States and led to more attacks.
What did Reagan do in the Middle East?Reagan was a massive supporter of Israel and he believed that there were rogue regimes in the Middle East who not only put the security of Israel at risk, but also put the security of the entire region at risk.
He therefore directed the United States armed forces to engage the Syrians in Lebanon, the Libyans in the air, and the Iranians on the seas.
These policies led to a lot of resentment against the United States in the Middle East leading to more attacks against America and American installations in the Middle East.
In conclusion, option D is correct.
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Answer: =D :)
Explanation: CORRECT ON EDMENTUM/PLUTO
How did the Holocaust affect the Jewish population in Europe after World War 11?
Answer:
very badly.
Explanation:
By the end of World War II, in 1945, the Jewish population of Europe had shrunk to 3.8 million, or 35% of the world’s 11 million Jews. About 6 million European Jews were killed during the Holocaust, according to common estimates.
What is one specific example of the use of legal pressure by the civil rights movement of the 1960s?
Answer:
Brown v. Board
Explanation:
One specific example of the use of legal pressure by the civil rights movement of the 1960s is the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
In this landmark Supreme Court decision, the NAACP's legal team, led by Thurgood Marshall, argued against racial segregation in public schools. The case challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
The Court ruled that segregation in public education was unconstitutional, setting a precedent for dismantling racially segregated institutions and advancing the cause of civil rights for African Americans. This legal victory marked a pivotal moment in the movement's efforts to combat racial discrimination and foster integration.
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Which concept describes the idea that government and government officials are not above the law?
Answer:
Limited Government
Is it true that no one is above the law?There are numerous theories addressing the authority of the law in jurisprudence. Three jurisprudential postulates—Law is above State, State is above law, and State and Law are equals—are frequently disputed by lawyers.
No one is exempt from the rule of law, according to the adage "no person is above the law." Additionally, this complies with Article 14 of the Constitution, which guarantees that everyone has the right to legal equality. This establishes a check and balance over those in authority and positions of power.
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Answer: limited government
Explanation:
France did not bring _____ to what would become the United States.
a new irrigation system for enhanced farming
enslaved West Africans
Christian missionaries
European disease
The answer is A. West African people they enslaved.
Explanation: Hope this helps!
Identify the most prominent characteristic of each government during the 1920s and 1930s. anti-semitism government owned all property military government imperialism
The three governments that were prominent in history in the period mentioned (1920 - 1930s) are:
The Soviet Union,Japan,Spain, andGermany.What were the most prominent characteristic of each government in each period?In the period indicated above, it is correct to state that:
Because the Soviet Union was a Communist government, they owned everything.Because Germany discriminated against Jews, they were anti-Semitic.Japan was an imperialist country, whileSpain had a military regime.What is an imperialistic government?Imperialism is defined as the state policy, practice, or advocacy of spreading authority and dominance, particularly by direct territorial annexation or obtaining economic and political control over other areas and inhabitants.
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Answer: The three governments that were prominent in history in the period mentioned (1920 - 1930s) are:
The Soviet Union,
Japan,
Spain, and
Germany.
What were the most prominent characteristic of each government in each period?
In the period indicated above, it is correct to state that:
Because the Soviet Union was a Communist government, they owned everything.
Because Germany discriminated against Jews, they were anti-Semitic.
Japan was an imperialist country, while
Spain had a military regime.
What is an imperialistic government?
Imperialism is defined as the state policy, practice, or advocacy of spreading authority and dominance, particularly by direct territorial annexation or obtaining economic and political control over other areas and inhabitants.
Explanation:
Earhart struck up a close friendship with another pioneering american woman. Who was she?.
Answer: Eleonor Roosevelt
Explanation:
This map of Louisiana shows 64 governmental divisions called parishes. What do other states call these divisions
This map of Louisiana shows 64 governmental divisions called parishes. So other states call these divisions either counties or boroughs.
Why is it called a parish instead of a county?
The phrase "parish" was used in the state's 1816 first official map as well as the state's 1845 constitution. The county system was eliminated and replaced with parishes as the State's principal civil division in the 1845 Constitution. Since that time, parishes have been used officially.
Is Louisiana the only state with parishes instead of counties?
Without nullifying the previous counties, which persisted until 1845, the territory legislature established 19 parishes on March 31, 1807. RIGHT NOW: Louisiana is the only US state that divides its territory into parishes rather than counties.
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The right to vote in the United States was inspired by the principles of democratic rule found in two ancient civilizations: Greek
Roman. Athenian democracy was founded on the idea of direct involvement of its citizens. In the Roman Republic, elected
representatives governed of on behalf of the citizens. In both cases, citizens had voice in government, either directly or through elected
councils, and were expected to participate by voting.
Democratic government in the United States gives citizens the opportunity to vote for their representatives, but many people choose not
to exercise that right. In many countries, however, compulsory voting laws exist that require all citizens to vote in elections.
ell-developed essay that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion, explain whether the United States should
enact a compulsory voting law or let voting remain optional. Be sure to address counterclaims in your essay and include reasons and
evidence to support your argument
The best option for the United States would be to enact a compulsory voting law.
The reason the compulsory voting is the best optionIn a country especially a nation that is like the United States, it would be a good idea that voting is made compulsory for all of the people who are of legal age.
This means that the needs of all of the voters would be addressed through this method. If voting was a voluntary activity, the people that are less educated or poorer may not vote.
This would be disadvantageous to them but beneficial to those that are well educated and rich in the society.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
The Miranda v. Arizona case is important because it ruled that
1 . EVERY ACCUSED PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO AN ATTORNEY
2 . THE POLICE MUST INFORM ACCUSED PEOPLE OF THEIR RIGHTS BEFORE SEEKING A CONFESSION
.This ruling is based on the
1. FIFTH
2. TENTH
3. SECOND
Amendment to the constitution
Answer:
The Miranda v. Arizona case is important because it ruled that:
The police must inform accused people of their rights before seeking a confession.This ruling is based on the:
Fifth amendmentExplanation:
Deputies and police investigating crimes now have standards to follow thanks to the Miranda v. Arizona verdict, which also serves to deter crime.
Suspects can't be arrested if the police don't tell them about their constitutional rights, like the Fifth Amendment right not to incriminate themselves.
How does the judicial branch check the power of the legislative branch?
A. It can strike down laws that are unconstitutional.
B. It has approval over the appointment of senators.
C. It can review bills while they are in conference committees.
D. It can introduce legislation.
Answer:
It checks the legislative branch by reviewing laws for constitutionality. Any law is subject to challenge on the grounds that it violates rights ensured under the US Constitution.
Explanation:
So it will A)
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Describe how the process and outcomes in u.s. congressional elections are impacted by:____.
a. incumbency advantage phenomenon
b. open and closed primaries
c. caucuses
d. general (presidential and midterm) elections
The process and outcomes in U,S. congressional elections are impacted by:
The incumbency advantage phenomenon impacts the congressional elections because the incumbent's have an advantage through the position-taking because his/her constituent's learn about the character of the incumbent.The closed primaries impacts the congressional elections over open election because limited delegates are allow to vote.The caucuses impacts the congressional elections because it involves group of members of the Congress that meet to pursue common legislative objective.The general elections impacts the congressional elections because the party of the elected will influence the voters in the congressional elections.What is a congressional elections?The election is conducted to determine who represents the state in Congress and which political party will hold a majority in each chamber of Congress for the next two years.
In United states, the Congressional elections take place every four years while the Midterm elections for members of Congress happen between presidential elections.
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The aaa helped farmers raise prices of their crops by paying farmers to produce less and destroying goods that were overproduced. what was one of the responses to this action?
The aaa helped farmers raise prices of their crops by paying farmers to produce less and destroying goods that were overproduced. This action will led to increase in price.
When demand increases but supply doesn't then the price of the product increases leading to inflation. A rise in demand and a reduction in supply will result in an increase in the equilibrium price.
Consumers will now place a higher value on crop, and producers will charge a higher price to offer the goods; as a result, prices will rise for all quantities. The impact on output will depend on how big the two changes are in comparison.
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The method used by the ancient Egyptians to build the Pyramids of Giza is still a mystery to both archeologists and historians. Among historians and scholars, which of the following is not considered a possible theory
They broke up the blocks into small pieces, which were then assembled wherever they were intended to be placed.
What are the Giza pyramids?The final of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World, the Great Pyramid of Giza is a defining icon of Egypt. It was constructed over a twenty-year period during the rule of King Khufu (2589-2566 BCE, also known as Cheops) of the 4th Dynasty, and is situated on the Giza plateau close to the contemporary city of Cairo.
Over two million stone pieces make up the pyramid, which has a height of 479 feet (146 meters) and a base of 754 feet (230 meters). Some of these stones are so massive in size and weight (like the granite slabs in the King's Chamber) that it appears logistically impossible to lift them and place them so perfectly.
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how were the United States and the Soviet Union different?
Economic:
Ideology:
Political:
Answer:
Economic: U.S we're democracy so their economy were centrate in private bussinesses and Soviet Union we're focused upon equity of wealth and it's balance distribución among people.
Ideology: US: Democracy ideologies while Soviet Union had dictatorship ideologies
Political: U.S Capitalism while Soviet Union were Communism.
Which of these statements was implied by the decision in brown v. board of education?
Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.
The phrase "separate but equal" alludes to the notoriously discriminatory Plessy v. Ferguson ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896, which authorized the application of segregation laws by state and municipal governments.
The expression "separate but equal" originates from a section of the Supreme Court's ruling that argued that segregated rail cars for whites and African Americans were at the very least equal in accordance with the Equal Protection Clause.
Following this ruling, state and municipal governments across the nation passed a staggering number of segregation laws, which led to decades of unfair legal and social treatment for African Americans. The Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that African-American children should attend separate schools, halting the horrifying effects of "separate but equal" from Ferguson.
In this landmark judgment, the Supreme Court declared racial segregation of students in public schools to be unconstitutional. It overturned the "separate but equal" tenet established in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case and marked the end of officially sanctioned racial segregation in American schools.
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Identify the winning side of each battle. first battle of el alamein operation torch battle of tobruk battle of tunisia
In the first battle of el Alamein which occurred between 1-27th July 1942 in El Alamein, British occupied Egypt and result was British defensive victory.
In Operation Torch Allied power won. It an Anglo- American invasion of French Morocco and Algeria during the north African campaign of 2nd world war. It began on 8th November and continued till 16th November 1942.
In Battle of Tobruk Allied power won the battle. It happened between 10th April and 27th November 1941. Location was in Tobruk , Italian Libya.
In the Battle of Tunisia Allied power won the battle. It happened between 17th November 1942 and 13th May 1943.
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Answer:
Allied Victory: Operation Torch, Battle of Tobruk & Battle of Tunisia
German Victory: First Battle of El Alamein
Explanation:
100% correct, see attachment
Which one of these leaders organized a military group and was granted the role of prime minister by the king?
Answer: Bentio Mussolini
Explanation:
Answer: The answer is just Benito Mussolini
Explanation: You dont need an explanation thats the answer
Why does folklore adapt over time?
Answer: folklore adapts as the people adapt
Explanation:
Who among the following persons is known to have infused the idea of american superiority based on "international" darwinism?
The persons who is known to have infused the idea of american superiority based on "international" darwinism is "William Graham Sumner".
What is a concept of Darwinsim?The English naturalist Charles Darwin and others created the Darwinism theory of biological evolution, which claims that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of minute, inherited variations that improve the individual's capacity for competition, survival, and reproduction.
Some key features of Darwinism are-
A species' members differ from one another, Qualities are passed down through generations, More offspring are created than can survive, and Only the survivors of the struggle for resources will be able to reproduce.The importance of Darwin-
When the most powerful and intellectual form of life discovered how humans had developed, Charles Darwin was the one to first make people aware of their place in the evolutionary process, which is why he is so crucial to the development of scientific and humanist concepts.The concept of "survival of the fittest," according to social Darwinists, holds that some people rise to prominence in society as a result of their inherent superiority. Over the past 150 years, social Darwinism has been invoked at various points to support racism, eugenics, imperialism, and other forms of injustice.To know more about the Darwin's theory of evolution, here
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The correct question is -
Who among the following persons is known to have infused the idea of American superiority based on "international" Darwinism?
William Graham Sumner
Randolph William Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan
This will become the basis of your political art piece in the next Checkpoint and Final Product 2.
Guiding Questions:
Directions:
1. Out of the three options (statehood, independence, or continuing with their current status) which will you argue for Puerto Rico's
future and why?
2. What other alternatives beyond those three options might there be for Puerto Rico?
3. How have you considered and weighed the opinions of Puerto Ricans in informing the option you selected?
4. What evidence was the most compelling or influential in shaping your thoughts around Puerto Rico's future?
5. What evidence from this checkpoint and the inquiry best supports your opinions for the path Puerto Rico should take?
Answer:
If the three options are for Puerto Rico to be a state, Puerto Rico to be independent, and Puerto Rico to remain a territory, then these are my answers
Explanation:
1. I would argue for Puerto Rico to become a state. It is the most populated US territory, and besides, it has more people living in it than some US states in general. The majority of Puerto Rico citizens want independence anyways.
2. I would love to have Puerto Rico become a part of a unified Caribbean union. However given the fact that the political spectrum on all of these islands can be harshly different, and there are some islands in the Caribbean that are still in colonial hands, that would probably never happen.
3. Yes, I have. 52.52% of Puerto Rico citizens in the most recent election would prefer statehood above the alternatives. Sure, statehood involves restrictions that territories don't have under the US banner, but overall it would still be in the territory's favor.
4. I found it quite shocking that the party advocating for the continuation of US territorial control is in the majority, despite the majority of Puerto Rico's citizens wanting statehood. Maybe they do want statehood, but they just don't want to rush
What does "We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had invited foreign aggression to the harm of the entire body of American nations..." tell you about what shapes US foreign policy towards Latin America, South America, and the Caribbean?
What shapes US foreign policy towards Latin America, South America and the Caribbean is the Monroe Doctrine, that is, US foreign policy power.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
It was an 1823 US policy developed by President James Monroe, which focused on defending the American continent and its nations from European forces, instituting US power and influence over the entire continent.
Therefore, the Monroe Doctrine is related to the US foreign policy power in relation to the American continent.
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By the end of the russian civil war, which political leader was in control of russia?
Answer:
The Bolsheviks Party (Vladimir Lenin)
Explanation:
The Russian Civil War was fought between 1917–1923* and won by the Red Army led by the Bolsheviks. The many reasons for their victory were:
The anti-communist White Movement, which opposed the Bolsheviks, was a loose alliance and was not particularly cohesive. The Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries opposed the Bolsheviks' power, the aristocracy wanted to restore the old order, landowners and factory workers had their property seized, and Orthodox Christians disagreed with the Bolsheviks' atheist viewpoints. The Constitutional Democratic Party wanted to keep fighting Germany. Even with a lot of foreign assistance, many still couldn't cooperate because they dreaded living in a communist society. It was simple for the Red Army to battle these little organizations one at a time.Leon Trotsky was chosen by Lenin to lead the Red Army. Although some people objected to it, he appointed former royal army officers as his own, knowing that he required experienced commanders. He had the responsibility of building an army from scratch. Few people wanted to oppose Trotsky because he was a brilliant tactician.Communism was the guiding philosophy of the Red Army, and those who supported it believed that fighting for it was the correct thing to do. Trotsky and many others envisioned a global communist revolution. Other than opposing the Bolsheviks, the Whites had no real beliefs.Lenin created War Communism, in which the government nationalized all businesses and dictated what they should produce, in order to gain victory. They also forced peasants, both male and female, to labor in particular professions and let troops to confiscate food and other supplies from them. As a result of the Russian Revolution's lost liberties, many were hostile to the Bolsheviks. This even sparked rebellions like the sailors' uprising at Kronstadt. Leon stomped on them.Additionally, the Bolsheviks maintained order during the Red Terror. The Communist Secret Police, Cheka, carried out the Red Terror campaign, which involved mass murdering anybody who resisted the Bolsheviks. There are between 10,000 and 1.5 million people.All the significant regions of Russia were under the Red Army's authority. They held control of the railroads and the industrial districts of Moscow and Petrograd (Saint Petersburg). The other European nations were occupied with World War One and were unable to assist because of their own defeat.write a three paragraph essay about what
strategies were used by the civil rights
movement in the 1950's and 1960's and how
much success did they have
The nonviolent methods of the Civil Rights Movement can be broadly classified into three categories identified by Gene Sharp: Protest and Persuasion (demonstrations, marches, petitions, and vigils); Noncooperation (economic - boycotts/strikes, and political - disobeying laws and police); and Nonviolent Intervention (parallel and/or alternative political systems, and sit-ins). The nonviolent stance and methodology of the Civil Rights Movement can be traced back to the philosophy of Mohandas K. Gandhi. Gandhi’s success in liberating India from colonial rule inspired Black Americans to the power of nonviolence to effect real change.
One of the first nonviolent actions undertaken in the Civil Rights movement was the Montgomery Bus Boycott. You are correct Before Rosa Parks, there was Claudette Colvin, a 15-year old Black girl who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus, 9 months before Rosa Parks. Parks galvanized the Montgomery community to undergo a 13-month boycott of the bus system culminating in a Supreme Court decision disallowing bus segregation.
Building on the success of the Montgomery boycott, Martin Luther King Jr. and fellow ministers C. K. Steele and Fred Shuttersworth called on sixty clergy to meet at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Ga. The gathering formed the Southern Christian Leadership Committee (SCLC) to coordinate clergy at the helm of local movements across the South. MLK was elected leader of newly created SCLC by fellow members including Bayard Rustin, a practitioner of nonviolent action, Ella J. Baker, a former field secretary with the NAACP, and Stanley Levinson , a white supporter from New York. Both Levinson and Reverend James M. Lawson Jr. , learned of nonviolent action in India and helped to train King along with Rustin and later Glenn Smiley.
Despite its strategic underpinnings, the Civil Rights Movement also inspired spontaneous action. On February 1, 1960, Four Black students from the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University-- Ezell Blair, Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, and David Rich -- decided to seek service at a "whites only" lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. They agreed that if refused service or asked to leave, they would stay. After hearing of the Greensboro "sit-in," seventy-five students, including John Lewis and Diane Nash , began a campaign in Nashville, Tennessee. Eventually, thousands would sit-in, some 70,000 mostly Black students, by the end of 1960. Building on this incredible success, the sit-in leaders met at Shaw University in North Carolina and formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced snick). In a departure from the SCLC, SNCC approved the practice of refusing bail after protest arrest in attempts to overcrowd the jails.
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized interracial "freedom rides" across the South as a direct challenge to the Supreme Court and Interstate Commerce Commission rulings that outlawed segregation.
During the Birmingham Campaign of 1963, thousands of Birmingham schoolchildren left school to go to the 16th Street Baptist Church. Emerging from the church in groups of fifty, they were arrested and sent to jail. The next day, city officials unleashed police dogs and high pressured water hoses on the protesters, including children, to global outrage. The strategic leveraging of the media during the Civil Rights Movement, especially in Birmingham, cannot be understated. The images coming out of Birmingham shocked the world prompting the Kennedy administration to send a negotiator to Birmingham. In contrast, during the 1961 Albany Campaign, despite an overwhelming mass mobilization of the Black community of Albany, Ga. the police responded with mass arrests but not public brutality which avoided outside media scrutiny allowing the power structures in Albany to remain unchanged.
During the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, Robert Moses of SNCC organized a statewide campaign using mostly white northern students to register black voters, teach at “freedom schools” and gain support for the alternative Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP).