When can a correlation coefficient based on an observational study be used to support a claim of cause and​ effect?
A. When the correlation coefficient is close to −1 or +1.
B. When the scatterplot of the data has little vertical variation.
C. When the correlation coefficient is equal to −1 or +1.
D. Never

Answers

Answer 1

A correlation coefficient based on an observational study can only measure the strength of the relationship between two variables, and it cannot be used to prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

Even if the correlation is close to -1 or +1, this does not necessarily mean there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables—it could be due to chance. Similarly, if the scatterplot of the data has little vertical variation, this does not necessarily mean there is a cause-and-effect relationship. The only way to prove a cause-and-effect relationship is through a controlled experiment. Therefore, the correlation coefficient based on an observational study can never be used to support a claim of cause and effect.

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Related Questions

It costs $3 per hour to park in a parking lot, with a mazimum cost of $12. Explain why the amount of time a car is parked is not a function of the parking cost

Answers

Answer with Step-by-step explanation:

The time a vehicle is left parked is not a function of the cost of parking because the two variables are not directly related. The cost of parking in this situation depends on how long a vehicle is parked, while the opposite is not true.

This is because the cost of parking is based on an hourly rate, and the maximum cost is capped at $12. So, regardless of how long a car is parked, the maximum cost will always be $12. For example, a car parked for 1 hour will cost $3, a car parked for 4 hours will cost $12, and a car parked for 6 hours will still only cost $12.

On the other hand, the amount of time a car is parked is not limited by the parking cost. A driver may choose to park their car for any length of time within the maximum limit of the parking lot. So, the amount of time parked is not dependent on the cost but rather on the driver's choice and parking lot regulations.

As a result, there is no direct correlation between the length of time a car is parked and the cost of parking, and the length of time a car is parked is not a function of the cost of parking.

Hope it helps!

At 7 o'clock on a winter evening,
the temperature was -6°.
The temperature
dropped
2° every hour until 2 o'clock in the
morning. Then, it started to rise
1° per hour until 7 o'clock in the
morning. Determine the
Temperature at 7a.m.

Answers

Answer:

-15°

Step-by-step explanation:

We know that at 7 pm it started at -6°, and that every 2 hours until 2 am, it dropped by 2 degrees.

From that we can form this expression:

-6-2x, with x being the number of hours it dropped.

From 7 pm to 2 am is 7 hours, therefore -6-2(7) = -20°

From 2 am until 7 am, it began raising 1 degree per hour.

We can write that as:

-20 + x, with x being the number of hours it went up.

From 2 am to 7 am is 5 hours:

-20 + 5 = -15°

Therefore, the temperature at 7 am is -15°.

If 580 books were sold at the book fair,__of the book were fiction

Answers

The number of fiction books is given as follows:

58 fiction books.

How to obtain the number of fiction books?

The number of fiction books is obtained applying the proportions in the context of the problem.

The total number of books is of 580, while the percentage of fiction books is of 10%. Hence the number of fiction books is obtained as follows:

0.1 x 580 = 58 fiction books.

Missing Information

The percentage of fiction books is of 10%.

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What is the conversion of 2400 dollars to yen ?

Answers

The conversion of 2400 dollars to yen is 264,000 yen.

It's worth noting that the actual exchange rate at the time of the conversion may be different and can affect the resulting amount of yen.

To convert 2400 US dollars (USD) to Japanese yen (JPY), we need to use the current exchange rate between these two currencies. The exchange rate can fluctuate over time, so the conversion result may vary depending on when you make the conversion.

As of my knowledge cutoff of September 2021, the exchange rate was roughly 1 USD = 110 JPY. Using this exchange rate, we can calculate the conversion as follows:

2400 USD × 110 JPY/USD = 264,000 JPY

Therefore, 2400 US dollars is equivalent to approximately 264,000 Japanese yen using this exchange rate.

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Which angle below is also greater than 90 degrees, but is closer to 90 degrees than the blue angle?

Answers

The red angle is also greater than 90 degrees but is closer to 90 degrees than the blue angle.

What is an angle?

An angle is a geometric figure formed by two rays that share a common endpoint, called the vertex. The rays are called the sides of the angle. Angles are typically measured in degrees or radians, and are denoted using the symbol "∠".

Here the blue angle is greater than 90 degrees, but we need to find an angle that is also greater than 90 degrees and closer to 90 degrees than the blue angle.

Since the blue angle is obtuse (greater than 90 degrees), we need to look for an acute angle (less than 90 degrees) that is closer to 90 degrees than the blue angle.

Looking at the figure, we can see that the red angle appears to be the closest to 90 degrees. The red angle is acute and seems to be closer to 90 degrees than the blue angle.

Therefore, the answer is the red angle.

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A series of isosceles triangles are drawn between two red line segments.
a
= 22°.

Answers

The value of x found using the properties of the isosceles triangle is  92°.

What is an isosceles triangle?

An isosceles triangle in geometry is a triangle with two equal-length sides. An isosceles triangle has two equal-sized angles that are opposite from one other and have equal sides. Although this triangle's two sides are equal, the base of the triangle is the side that is not equal.

Given a = 22°

Since it is an isosceles triangle, a = 1 = 22°

One of the properties of a triangle is that the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles.

Here ∠2 is the exterior angle of the first isosceles triangle.

So ∠2 = ∠1 + a = 22 + 22 = 44°

Now∠ 3 = ∠2 = 44°

∠x = 180 - (∠2+∠3) = 180 - (44+44) = 92°

∠4 = 180 - (x+∠1) = 180 - (92+22) = 66°

∠5 = ∠4 = 66°

∠y = 180 - 66 -66 = 48°

∠6 = 180 - ∠y - ∠3 = 180 - 48 - 44 = 88°

∠7 = ∠6 = 88°

∠x = 180 - ∠7 = 180- 88 = 92°

Therefore the value of x found using the properties of the isosceles triangle is  92°.

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What is the conversion of 720 hours to days?

Answers

720 hours is equal to 30 days.

One hour contains 60 minutes or 3,600 seconds.

In one day there are 24 hours.

Earth requires 24 hours to complete one rotation.

It is defined as exactly 86,400 seconds.

1 Hour equal to 0.041666667 Days

We have to convert 720 hours to days,

We have to divide the number of given hours by the number of hours in one day.

There are 24 hours in a day,

so we can write it as:

720 hours / 24 hours/day = 30 days

Hence, After conversion we get  720 hours is exactly equal to 30 days.

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What is the conversion of 80c to fahrenheit?

Answers

The conversion of 80°C to Fahrenheit is equivalent to 176 degrees Fahrenheit.

Whereas most other nations and for scientific reasons across the world use the Celsius or centigrade scale, the United States uses the Fahrenheit system.

The formula to convert a temperature from the Celsius (°C) scale to its Fahrenheit (°F) equivalent is:

°F = (9/5 × °C) + 32.

To convert 80 degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit, we can use the following formula:

°F = (°C x 1.8) + 32

Plugging in the value for 80°C, we get:

°F = (80 x 1.8) + 32

°F = 144 + 32

°F = 176

Therefore, 80 degrees Celsius is equivalent to 176 degrees Fahrenheit.

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What is the lateral surface area of the triangular prism shown below?

Answers

Answer: You only need to write the formula then rewrite it then multiply then add and then you divive by 2

Step-by-step explanation: it is the top of the shape which is 10cm2

based only on the information given in the diagram which congruence theorems or postulates could be given as reasons why JKL=QRS

Answers

The congruence theorems and postulates that could be given as reasons why JKL=QRS are

HL, LL, SSS, SAS

What is the HL Theorem?

HL is the hypotenuse-leg theorem.  It states that if the hypotenuse and leg of one triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and corresponding leg of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.  We have that both legs of the triangles are congruent as well as the hypotenuse, so the HL theorem applies.

LL is the leg-leg theorem.  It states that if both legs of one right triangle are congruent to both legs of the second triangle, the triangles are congruent.  We have that both legs are congruent; this is the LL theorem.

SSS is the side-side-side theorem. It states that if all three sides of one triangle are congruent to the three sides of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.  All three sides of both triangles are congruent, so this is the SSS theorem.

SAS is the side-angle-side theorem.  It states that if two sides and an included angle of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two sides and included angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.  We have JL≅QS, ∠L≅∠S and LK≅SR.  This is the SAS theorem.

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what is 86 cm in inches ?

Answers

86 centimeter is approximately equal to 33.8583 inches.

We may use the conversion factor of 1 inch = 2.54 cm to convert 86 cm to inches.

To obtain the corresponding measurement in inches, divide 86 cm by 2.54:

86 cm ÷ 2.54 inches = 33.8583 inches (rounded to four decimal places)

To comprehend this conversion, we must first realise that centimetres (cm) and inches (in) are both length units, but they are measured using distinct systems. Centimeters are part of the metric system, which is widely used in most nations worldwide, whereas inches are part of the Imperial system, which is widely used in the United States, the United Kingdom, and a few other countries.

The precise connection between the two measurement systems yielded the conversion factor of 1 inch = 2.54 cm. To translate a length from centimetres to inches, divide the value by 2.54, and to convert from centimetres to inches, multiply the value by 2.54.

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What are the main types of quadrilaterals?

Answers

There are about 6 "basic" types but there could be more

A quadrilateral is a closed shape and a type of polygon that has four sides, four vertices and four angles. It is formed by joining four non-collinear points. The sum of interior angles of quadrilaterals is always equal to 360 degrees.

Quadrilateral Types:

TrapeziumParallelogramRectangleRhombusSquareKite

a positive number a, or the same number a decreased by 50% and then increased by 50% of the result.

Answers

The percent of decrease from the original number to the final number is 25%. Percentage is count of a quantity per 100 quantities. The percent of decrease from the original number to the final number is 25%

How to find the percentage from the total value?

Suppose the value of which a thing is expressed in percentage is "a'

Suppose the percent that considered thing is of "a" is b%

Then since percent shows per 100 (since cent means 100), thus we will first divide the whole part in 100 parts and then we multiply it with b so that we collect b items per 100 items(that is exactly what b per cent means).

Thus, that thing in number is

Suppose that the number in consideration be N

Then, we get:

Increased number = N + 50% of N

Since 50% of N is: ,

thus, the increased number = N + N/2 = 3N/2

Now this result is decreased by 50%

Decreased number = result - 50% of  result

Since 50% of result is:

Thus, Decreased number = 3N/2 - 3N/4 = 3N/4

Let us suppose that the original number N is decreased y% to get 3N/4(the final number)

Then,

3N/4 = N - y% of N

y% of N is calculated as:

Thus, we get:

Thus, the original number N is decreased y% = 25% to get 3N/4(the final number)

Thus, The percent of decrease from the original number to the final number is 25%.

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oliver walked 3.7 kilometers during the two days he was at the fair. One the first day he walked 2.60 kilometers

Answers

more information needed.

In total he walked 6.3 kilometers, from the information you gave.

Please help!The monthly profit for a small company is represented by 250x³ - 42x² + 112x, where x is the
number of beds sold. Classify the polynomial by the number of terms. Then identify the degree.

Answers

The polynomial 250x³ - 42x² + 112x is a trinomial of degree 3.

What is Polynomial?

A polynomial is a mathematical equation that solely uses the operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponentiation of variables. Variables are sometimes known as indeterminate in mathematics. Majorly used polynomials are binomial and trinomial.

The given polynomial is 250x³ - 42x² + 112x.

To classify this polynomial by the number of terms, we count the number of terms it has, which is three. Therefore, we can classify it as a "trinomial".

To identify the degree of this polynomial, we look at the highest power of x in the polynomial. In this case, the highest power of x is 3, which is the coefficient of the x³ term. Therefore, the degree of this polynomial is 3.

So, the polynomial 250x³ - 42x² + 112x is a trinomial of degree 3.

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How likely is an event with a probability of 3/4?

1) unlikely
2) as likely as not
3) likely
4) certain

Answers

Answer:

3) Likely

Step-by-step explanation:

75% chance

Which expression is equivalent to (4x^(5)+11)^(2)?

Answers

Quick Note: I don't know what your answer are ?1!

Step-by-step explanation:

(4x⁵ + 11)²

= (4x⁵)² + (2 * 4x⁵ * 11) + (11)²

= 16x¹⁰ + 88x⁵ + 121

i need the answer help

Answers

The the required equation is, y = -7/4 *x - 7 , in slope-intercept form.

What is a straight line?

A straight line is an endless one-dimensional figure that has no width. It is a combination of endless points joined both sides of a point and has no curve.

Here, we have

from the given graph we get,

the line passes through two points (-4,0) and, (0,-7)

So, by using the formula of equation of straight line of two-point form, we get,

(y-y_1)/(x-x_1 )=(y_2-y_1)/(x_2-x_1 )

=>(y-0)/(x+4)=(-7-0)/(0+4)

=>4y= -7x -28

=>y = -7/4 *x - 7

Hence, the required equation is, y = -7/4 *x - 7 , in slope-intercept form.

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x^4-11x^2+10=0, its asking me to solve after making an appropriate solution, what is going on?

Answers

The solutions to the original equation are x = ±sqrt(10) or x = ±1.


What is quadratic expression ?
A quadratic expression is a polynomial expression of degree two, meaning that it contains one or more terms in which the variable is raised to the second power (or squared). The general form of a quadratic expression is:

ax^2 + bx + c

Explanation:
The given equation, x^4 - 11x^2 + 10 = 0, is a quadratic equation in terms of x^2.This can simplify the equation and make it easier to solve.

Let's make the substitution u = x^2. Then, the equation becomes:

u^2 - 11u + 10 = 0

This is a standard quadratic equation, which can be solved using the quadratic formula:

u = (-b ± sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)) / 2a

In this case, a = 1, b = -11, and c = 10. Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

u = (11 ± sqrt(121 - 40)) / 2

u = (11 ± sqrt(81)) / 2

u = (11 ± 9) / 2

u = 10 or 1

Now, we substitute back u = x^2 to get:

x^2 = 10 or x^2 = 1

Taking the square root of both sides, we get:

x = ±sqrt(10) or x = ±1

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I Need help PLSSSSSSS

Answers

a. The value of angle y = 36°

b. The value of angle x = 57°

c. The relationship used to solve for y is sum of angles on a straight line

d. The relationship used to solve for x is sum of angles in a triangle

What are triangles?

Triangles are polygons with 3 sides.

a. How to solve for y?

In ΔQPS and ΔQSR, ∠QSP + ∠QSR = 180° (sum of angles on a straight line)

Since ∠QSP = 2y and ∠QSR = 4y - 36°, we have that

2y + 4y - 36° = 180°

so, adding, we have

6y - 36° = 180°

Adding 36° to both sides, we have

6y = 180° + 36°

6y = 216°

y = 216°/6

y = 36°

b. How to find the value of x?

In ΔQPS and ΔQSR, ∠PQS + ∠QPS +  ∠QSP = 180° (sum of angles in a triangle)

Since ∠QSP = 2y, ∠PQS = x and ∠QPS = 51°, we have that

2y + x + 51° = 180°

So, making x subject of the formula, we have that

x = 180° - 51° - 2y

x = 129° - 2y

Substituting y = 36° into the equation, we have that

x = 129° - 2y

x = 129° - 2(36°)

x = 129° - 72°

x = 57°

c. What relationship did you use to solve for y?

The relationship used to solve for y is sum of angles on a straight line

d. What relationship did you use to solve for x?

The relationship used to solve for x is sum of angles in a triangle

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A correlational study is used to examine the relationship between two variables but cannot determine whether it is a cause-and-effect relationship.a. Trueb. False

Answers

The statement 'a correlational study is used to examine the relationship between two variables but cannot determine whether it is a cause-and-effect relationship" is true.

What is the correlation coefficient?

The correlation coefficient describes how one variable moves in relation to another. A positive correlation indicates that the two move in the same direction, with a value of 1 denoting a perfect positive correlation. A value of -1 shows a perfect negative, or inverse, correlation, while zero means no linear correlation exists.

When examining the link between two variables, a correlational analysis cannot establish if there is a cause-and-effect relationship.

This assertion is absolutely accurate. The data can only be used to infer cause and effect relationships if a proper experiment has been conducted. A control group and a sample of participants drawn using random sampling techniques are required for the study to qualify as an experiment.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

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the six sigma dmaic approach is the best way to attack all problems and should be employed whenever possible. true or false?

Answers

False. The Six Sigma DMAIC approach is one of many problem-solving methods that can be used, and is most appropriate when the problem is complex and the potential solutions are not immediately evident.

Six Sigma DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) is a strategy used to improve processes and products. It is designed to help companies identify and eliminate defects and reduce variability in their processes. It is not the best way to attack all problems, as there are many other problem-solving methods, such as Design Thinking and Lean, that may be more suitable solution depending on the complexity of the problem.

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Help me please, i have to turn in today

Answers

The Frequency Distribution table is shown below.

What is Relative Frequency?

The proportion of one event's frequency to all events' frequencies in a statistical experiment.

Divide the frequency by the total number of data values to obtain the relative frequency. Add all of the earlier relative frequencies to the relative frequency for the current row to obtain the cumulative relative frequency.

Given:

The Frequency Distribution table is as follow:

Bin                           Frequency     relative Frequency        Cumulative        

                                                                                                Frequency

0- 5000                        4                    4/25 x 100 = 16%            4

5000 - 10000               7                    7/25 x 100 = 28%           4+7 = 13

10000- 15000               7                    7/25 x 100 = 28%            13+ 7= 20

15000 -20000              4                    4/25 x 100 = 16%            20+4= 24

20000-25000              3                    3/25 x 100 = 12%              24+3= 27

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simplify -4a - (5b - 3a)

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

- a - 5b

Answer: −a−5b

Step-by-step explanation:

How to simplify:

1. Rearrange terms

−4−(5−3)

−4−(−3+5)

2. Distribute

−4−(−3+5)

−4+3−5

3. Combine like terms

−4a+3a−5b

−a−5b

what is limit definition of a derivative?

Answers

The limit definition of a derivative is a mathematical method used to calculate the instant rate of change of a characteristic at a particular point. it is based at the idea of the limit of a function because the input techniques a certain cost.

The limit definition of a derivative is expressed as follows:

[tex]f'(x) = lim (h → 0) [f(x + h) - f(x)] /h[/tex]

Wherein f'(x) represents the derivative of the function f(x) at a particular factor x. The expression [tex]( f(x + h) - f(x)) / h[/tex] represents the common price of alternate of the characteristic over a small interval of size h, focused at x. The limit of this expression as h approaches 0 represents the instant fee of change of the characteristic at x, or the slope of the tangent line to the function at that factor.

The limit definition of a derivative is a fundamental concept in calculus and is used to calculate the slopes of tangent lines, to find maximum and minimum factors, and to clear up optimization issues in a huge variety of packages.

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Annie time running the race was 4.08 seconds less than karen time her goal was to complete the race in less than 39.50 seconds did she meet her goal

Answers

Answer:

No she didn't meet her goal

Step-by-step explanation:

Time taken by Karen = 43.52 seconds

Time taken by Annie = 4.08 seconds less than Karen or 43.52-4.08 = 39.44 seconds

No. Annie missed her goal by 0.06 seconds

riangle GHJ is rotated 90° about point X, resulting in triangle STR. Which congruency statement is true?a. TR ≅ GJb. ∠S ≅ ∠H c. TS ≅ HG d. ∠R ≅ ∠g

Answers

The congruency statement TS ≅ HG is true. So the required statement is option c.

According to the congruency theorem, two triangles are considered congruent when they have identical sides and they have the same size angles. This can be proved by conditions such as side-angle-side (SAS), side-side-side (SSS), angle-side-ange (ASA), and right angle-hypotenuse-one another side (RHS). Their orientation need not have to be the same also.

Even though the triangle is rotated, the corresponding part of ΔGHJ and ΔSTR are congruent. So the sides ST = GH, RT= HJ, and SR= GJ. And the angles ∠S= ∠G, ∠T=∠H, and ∠R=∠J. From the given, options, option TS ≅ HG is correct.

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The complete question is -

Triangle GHJ is rotated 90° about point X, resulting in triangle STR. Which congruency statement is true?

A. TR ≅ GJ

B. ∠S ≅ ∠H

C. TS ≅ HG

D. ∠R ≅ ∠G

What is the conversion of 24 mm into inches ?

Answers

The conversion of 24 mm into inches is 0.94488 inches.

Millimeter (mm) and inch are both units of length or distance, but they are used in different parts of the world.

A millimeter is a metric unit of length used in most countries outside the United States. It is equal to one-thousandth of a meter (1/1000 of a meter), or approximately 0.03937 inches.

To convert millimeters (mm) to inches, you can use the conversion factor of 1 mm = 0.03937 inches.

So, to convert 24 mm to inches, you can multiply 24 by 0.03937:

24 mm * 0.03937 inches/mm = 0.94488 inches

Therefore, 24 millimeters is approximately equal to 0.94488 inches.

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Please Help!! Will Give Brainliest!! :)
In a bag of 400 jelly beans, 15% of the jelly beans are red. When one bean is selected, another of the same color replaces it.
What is the probability that three beans in a row are red?

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

The probability that one randomly selected jelly bean is red is 15% or 0.15. Because another jelly bean of the same color is replaced after each selection, the probability of selecting a red jelly bean on any given selection remains constant at 0.15.

The probability of selecting three red jelly beans in a row can be calculated using the multiplication rule of probability. According to this rule, the probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities.

Therefore, the probability of selecting three red jelly beans in a row is:

P(three red jelly beans in a row) = P(red) x P(red) x P(red)

= 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.15

= 0.003375 or 0.3375%

Therefore, the probability that three beans in a row are red is 0.3375%.

The probability of selecting a red jelly bean is 15%.

Therefore, the probability of selecting three red jelly beans in a row is (15%) x (15%) x (15%) = 0.33%.

ola does someone mind helping me please. Genie’s parents planted a garden that was 9 feet long and 6 1
2
feet wide. Kylie’s parents had more space, so they planted a
garden that was 36 feet long and 6 1
2 feet wide. Without drawing
a picture or doing the multiplication, decide how many times larger
Kylie’s garden is. Explain how you know. 20 points/Brainliest

Answers

Using ratios we know that the area of the 2nd garden is 4 times larger than the area of the 1st garden.

What are ratios?

A ratio in mathematics displays how often one number occurs in another.

For instance, if there were eight oranges and six lemons on a fruit platter, the ratio of oranges to lemons would be eight to six.

In comparison to lemons, which make up 6:8, oranges account up 8:14 of the overall fruit.

A calculator will return a result of 0.6 decimals if you enter this.

In other words, any two numbers that divide to produce the same result are equal to 3/5.

So, the area of the 1st garden:

9 ft long and 61/2 ft wide

The area of the 2nd garden:

36 ft long and 6/1/2 ft wide

Now, since the breadth is the same, let's consider the length:

9ft and 36ft

9:36

9/36

1/4

Therefore, using ratios we know that the area of the 2nd garden is 4 times larger than the area of the 1st garden.

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Answer:

The 2nd garden is 4 times bigger because you do

9:36

9/36         which gets you ur answer

1/4

Step-by-step explanation:

I hope this helped :) Brainliest please?

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Which valves that prevent blood from backing up into the ventricles of the heart and are named for their crescent moon shape? a network topology in which the central node is connected to two or more subordinate nodes that, in turn, are connected to other subordinate nodes. what fallacy does this illustrate? because the great depression began during the hoover presidency, his economic polices were its primary cause. What is the authors purpose for including a description of John Watsons 1974 experiment? how to convert quarter to g what is skin macrophages that help activate the immune system? In which of these cell organelle does the electron transfer chain reaction occur?AGolgi bodyBRibosomeCCytoplasmDMitochondria an enzyme binds the product more tightly than the substrate.A. TrueB. False FILL IN RHE BLANK. protons do not repel each other in the nucleus because of the ______.responses when evils are most free? o then, by day where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough. who did say? The Kansas-nebraska Act Given that the roots of the equation x^2-8x+k=0 satisfy 3x_1+4x_2=29, Find K how to convert ppm to mg/l Read the passage from "The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck. 10. The passage suggests that in Elisa's time and place, men and women...A) had equal statusB)were judged by the work they didC)had to choose work based on their genderD) were equally dissatisfied with their life's work What belief is the defining characteristics of pluralism? whats so unusual was that ralph and nadine watch their 10-month-old baby as he tries to pick up an item. what type of grasp is the baby likely to use? according to sociologists, our genetic makeup determines what kind of personality and character traits we develop in life. true or false? discoveries of children raised in extreme isolation illustrate how isolation can Down and Dirty: Do Men and Women Perceive Cleanliness Differently? 2012 Gregory McNameeDecember 5, 2012Anyone who is fastidious about washing hands, avoiding grime, and keeping a neat immediate environment would probably want to keep a safe distance from my office, which is a chaos of slopped coffee, teetering piles of books and papers, dust, and assorted flotsam and jetsam.I now have a defense for this studied disorder: namely, my chromosome count. In a study published in the online scientific journal PLoS ONE, researchers from San Diego State University and the University of Arizona examined 450 samples of bacteria taken from offices in New York City, San Francisco, and Tucson. These bacteriaand forgive the ickinesscame mostly from the skin, nose and mouth, and the digestive tract, and they were found mostly on chairs and telephones, with lower concentrations on computer keyboards and mice and on [physical] desktops.The researchers' findings were various, but one of them was this: In the workspaces of men, the bacteria count was significantly higher than in those of women. The implications are immediately obvious: Men are, well, just not as tidy as women. Remarks an authority cited in the study, "Humans move through a sea of microbial life that is seldom perceived except in the context of potential disease and decay." If that is so, then men, it would appear, are enthusiastic body surfers while women barely dip their toes into the mess.It is dangerous, always, to generalize on grounds of gender and sex. Yet there does appear to be significant variation between men and women in some categories of perception; reports a recent paper in the suggestively titled journal Biology of Sex Differences, women are superior to men in discriminating among fine distinctions of color, while males are better able to discern details in any given viewscape from a distance. This finding supports the so-called hunter-gatherer hypothesis, which proposes that certain biological adaptations occurred as a result of different divided-labor roles in human prehistory. Since men were better at spotting things from afar, they hunted, and since women were better at distinguishing colors, they chose which mushrooms to eatthey gathered, in other words, and apparently they developed the ability to discern dirt where men could not.It seems to me, of course, that it is possible that those biological differences preceded the roles, that function followed form. But no matter: I'm busily scanning the horizon for gazelles, and therefore I can be forgiven for the chaos immediately before me.Which line from the text presents an example of ethos?A. A chaos of slopped coffee, teetering piles of books and papers, dust, and assorted flotsamB. I now have a defense for this studied disorder: namely, my chromosome countC. Humans move through a sea of microbial life that is seldom perceivedD. I'm busily scanning the horizon for gazelles, and therefore I can be forgiven