When iodine is mixed with non starch solution its color _______the color of the iodine and this is reported as ________ result

The diffuse-neuro-endocrine-system (DNES) is a collection of cells distributed throughout the body that have both nervous and endocrine characteristics.

The "Neuroendocrine" cells are capable of producing and secreting hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides. They are also equipped with nerve-like structures that allow them to interact with other cells in the body, including neurons, immune cells, and other endocrine cells.

The functions of the DNES include regulation of various physiological processes such as digestion, respiration, blood pressure, metabolism, and immune function. The DNES also plays a key role in the body's stress response by secreting hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline in response to stress.

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Answer:

1. The lines show where a phase change happens to a substance

2.The colour of visible light depends on its wavelength. These wavelengths range from 700 nm at the red end of the spectrum to 400 nm at the violet end.

3.  visible light spectrum is the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view. More simply, this range of wavelengths is called visible light. Typically, the human eye can detect wavelengths from 380 to 700 nanometers.

4. Albinos lack color pigments, so their skin, fur or feathers are very light. These animals are very susceptible to sunburn, and are more likely to get skin cancer. Their eyes are also very sensitive to light and sight is often affected.

5. Cold-blooded animals cannot generate their own body heat, but they do regulate it by changing their environment. Alligators and other reptiles often lie in the sun to warm themselves. On the other hand, they cool off by taking a dip in the water, moving into the sade of a rock or crawling into a burrow in the ground.

Explanation:

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A computer is a not a living thing as it is cannot grow, cannot reproduce etc. which are some of the characters of a living thing.

A living thing is basically any organism or any kind of life form which happens to possess or show the characteristics which include fundamental characteristics are having a conscious response to stimuli as well as adapting to environmental changes, and being able to reproduce, to be able to grow, to metabolize, and die.

Computers are made by living organisms, which is humans, but a computer itself is non-living as it does not shoe any kind of characteristics of living beings.

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The primary organism identified in the fecal coli form test is called as Escherichia coil, option D.

Your intestines often harbour a particular form of bacteria called E. coli (Escherichia coli). Some animals' guts also contain it.

The majority of E. coli species are safe and may even support the health of your digestive system. However, if you consume infected food or drink tainted water, some types can make you throw up.

While many of us connect E. coli with food poisoning, other kinds of the bacterium can also cause pneumonia and urinary tract infections. In actuality, E. coli is to blame for 75 to 95 percent of urinary tract infections. E. coli normally lives in the gut, which is how it enters the urinary system.

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After a volcanic eruption, the immediate aftermath is usually characterized by devastation and destruction of the local ecosystem due to the release of heat, ash, lava, gases, and other volcanic materials.

What is Pioneer species?

Pioneer species are typically hardy and adaptable organisms that can tolerate harsh conditions, such as extreme temperatures, high acidity, or nutrient-poor soils. These may include specialized plants like mosses, lichens, and ferns, as well as some invertebrates and microbes.

Many organisms in the affected area may perish or be forced to flee, leaving the area devoid of life. However, over time, various organisms, known as pioneer species, can return and establish themselves at the site, initiating a process of ecological succession.

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In trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders, when the expansion occurs in the coding sequence of the gene, the repeat sequence is usually translated into a long stretch of a particular amino acid, leading to the formation of abnormal protein aggregates.

These disorders are caused by the abnormal expansion of a repeated DNA sequence within a gene, leading to a change in the protein structure and function. The repeat sequence is usually composed of three nucleotides, and the number of repeats can vary from a few to hundreds or even thousands, depending on the specific disorder.

The abnormal protein aggregates can lead to a range of clinical symptoms, depending on the affected tissue or organ. Some examples of trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders include Huntington's disease, fragile X syndrome, and myotonic dystrophy.

Understanding the molecular basis of these disorders can aid in the development of new treatments and therapies.

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The sigma factor plays a critical role in the regulation of transcription initiation in bacteria, and its proper functioning is essential for the proper expression of genes.

The sigma factor is a protein subunit that plays a crucial role in transcription by RNA polymerase in bacteria. RNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

The sigma factor is required for RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to specific promoter sequences on DNA, which are the starting points for transcription. The sigma factor facilitates the formation of a stable transcription initiation complex between RNA polymerase and DNA by promoting the correct positioning of RNA polymerase at the promoter site.

Once the RNA polymerase-sigma factor complex has bound to the promoter, the sigma factor dissociates from the complex, and the RNA polymerase proceeds with transcription. The sigma factor may also regulate the transcription of specific genes by interacting with regulatory proteins and by influencing the choice of promoter utilized by RNA polymerase.

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Birthweight, head circumference, and Apgar score are measurements that assess newborn health status after birth.

Birthweight is the weight of the newborn measured immediately after birth and is an important indicator of overall health and growth in the newborn. Birthweight is influenced by various factors such as gestational age, maternal nutrition, and overall maternal health during pregnancy.

Head circumference is the measurement of the newborn's head circumference, typically taken at the widest part of the head, and is used to assess the growth and development of the newborn's brain and skull. Head circumference is an important measurement that can help detect any abnormal growth patterns or potential issues with brain development.

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In the circulatory system, the muscular organ that pumps blood is called the heart.

It is a powerful organ that works continuously throughout a person's life to circulate blood to all parts of the body. The heart is located in the chest cavity, between the lungs, and is roughly the size of a closed fist. It is composed of four chambers: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle. The atria receive blood from the body and the lungs, while the ventricles pump the blood back out to the body and the lungs. The heart is surrounded by a protective sac called the pericardium, and it is supplied with oxygen and nutrients by a network of blood vessels called the coronary circulation. The heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of specialized cells called cardiac myocytes that are capable of generating their own electrical impulses and contracting rhythmically to pump blood.

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While heat and the decomposition of plants can also provide energy for some organisms, they are not the primary source of energy for most organisms. The correct answer is a. the sun.

The ultimate source of energy for almost all life on Earth is the sun. Through photosynthesis, green plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic molecules such as sugars and starches. These organic molecules contain stored chemical energy that can be used by organisms as a source of energy for metabolism and growth. Other organisms obtain this stored chemical energy by consuming plants or other organisms that have consumed plants. While heat and the decomposition of plants can also provide energy for some organisms, they are not the primary source of energy for most organisms.

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Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the apneustic inspiratory center.

Inspiration is a process of respiration. It is the process whereby a body takes in or intakes oxygen. It may also be referred to as breathing in. Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the apneustic center. This center is located in the lower pons of the brainstem and plays a role in controlling the respiratory system by promoting long, deep inhalations.

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The sympathetic trunk ganglia do not contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons is False.

Rather, they contain the cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. These ganglia are part of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. The sympathetic trunk ganglia are located outside the dorsal root of the spinal cord, running parallel to it on either side.

They are a series of interconnected ganglia that extend from the base of the skull all the way down to the coccyx. The sympathetic nervous system helps to prepare the body for physical activity by increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and dilating the bronchioles of the lungs.

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the sensory nervous system is responsible for transmitting information from sensory receptors in the body to the brain. Sensory neurons have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia, which are located just outside the spinal cord. These neurons send their axons through the dorsal root and into the spinal cord, where they synapse with other neurons before transmitting the signal to the brain.

In summary, the sympathetic trunk ganglia are part of the sympathetic nervous system and contain the cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, not sensory neurons. They are located outside the dorsal root of the spinal cord and are responsible for preparing the body for physical activity.

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D. Industrialization of an area. Noise levels tend to increase in areas with high levels of industrialization and urbanization due to the presence of machinery, vehicles, and other sources of noise pollution.

Answer - Occupational noise is the amount of acoustic energy received by an employee's auditory system when they are working in the industry. Occupational noise, or industrial noise, is often a term used in occupational safety and health, as sustained exposure can cause permanent hearing damage.

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The electron used in photosystem II is found in the very late photosystem I of light reactions. Here option C is the correct answer.

Photosystem II (PSII) is a complex of pigments and proteins located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. It plays a crucial role in the light reactions of photosynthesis, where it captures photons and uses their energy to generate an electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane, which is subsequently used to produce ATP and NADPH.

During the light reactions, PSII absorbs light energy and uses it to excite electrons in the pigments, which are then transferred to a series of electron carriers within the thylakoid membrane. These electron carriers ultimately transfer the electrons to photosystem I (PSI), where they are further energized by the absorption of additional light energy before being used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH.

Therefore, the electrons used in PSII are not found at the very end of the light reactions, as they are ultimately transferred to PSI and used to produce NADPH. The electrons that are found at the end of the light reactions are those that have been used to generate an electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane, which is subsequently used to produce ATP through the process of photophosphorylation.

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Complete question:

Where are the electrons used in photosystem II found at the very end of the light reactions?

A - in the stroma

B - in NADPH

C - in photosystem I

D - in ATP

E - in chlorophyll

Redundant genetic code helps protect an organism from the effects of mutations: If there is any point mutation that changes an amino acid may or may not cause a problem.

Because the genetic code is redundant, more than one codon can encode the same amino acid. There are 64 codons, of which 3 stop codons and the remaining 61 codify amino acids. There are just 20 amino acids found in nature.

Therefore, it follows that more than one codon will encode one amino acid. One codon codes just methionine (AUG for mRNA; ATG for DNA) and tryptophan (UGG for mRNA; TGG for DNA). Valine, Serine, Proline, Threonine, Alanine, and Glycine each have four cognate codons, whereas Leucine has six.

A mutation may totally eliminate the function of an enzyme or result in a dominant-negative phenotype by rendering it constitutively active or inactive if the amino is responsible for the catalytic activity or in the substrate binding site of an enzyme. The protein translation process may be halted by a new stop codon or the protein's open reading frame may alter as a result of a deletion or insertion mutation.

Silent mutations are mutations that do not alter the amino acid sequence. If the amino acid changes from CAU (which codes for histidine) to CAA (which codes glutamine), however, there is no difference if the amino acid changes from CAU to CAC.

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Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, is a condition in which an individual engages in activities such as walking or performing complex tasks while they are still asleep.

Sleepwalking typically occurs during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage of sleep, particularly during the deep stages of NREM, when the brain is primarily in slow-wave sleep.

Various factors contribute to sleepwalking, including genetic predisposition, sleep deprivation, stress, and certain medications. Additionally, alcohol consumption and certain medical conditions, such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome, may increase the likelihood of sleepwalking episodes.

During a sleepwalking episode, the sleepwalker may exhibit behaviors like walking, talking, or even eating, without any awareness or memory of their actions upon waking up. In some cases, sleepwalkers may perform potentially dangerous activities, such as driving or leaving the house, posing a risk to themselves and others.

To manage sleepwalking, it is essential to establish a regular sleep schedule, create a calming bedtime routine, and minimize stress. Additionally, ensuring the sleep environment is safe by removing obstacles, locking doors and windows, and using alarms can help prevent sleepwalking-related accidents. In more severe cases, medical intervention, such as prescription medication or therapy, may be necessary. It is also essential to consult a healthcare professional if sleepwalking persists or presents safety concerns.

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The LD50 is different for each chemical substance because it depends on factors such as the chemical's toxicity, route of exposure, species and age of the test animals and  duration of exposure.

The LD50, or the median lethal dose, is the amount of chemical substance that is required to cause the death of 50% of population of test animals, usually within specified time period. The LD50 is different for each chemical substance because it depends on a variety of factors such as the chemical's toxicity, the route of exposure (such as ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact), the species and age of the test animals, and the duration of exposure.

It is important to know the LD50 of a substance because it helps in assessing the potential risks associated with exposure to that substance.

One real-life example of the importance of knowing the LD50 of a substance is in the field of pesticide regulation.

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The correct answer is A. On top of.

Recent sediment is deposited on top of older sediment. This is because sedimentation is a process where new sediments are continuously added to the top of existing layers of sediment. As new sediment accumulates, it buries and compresses the older sediment below it. Over time, this process leads to the formation of sedimentary rock layers with the oldest layers at the bottom and the youngest layers at the top, known as the principle of superposition. Thus, recent sediment is always found on top of older sediment.

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An ecosystem is a collection of all the living and nonliving things in a given area. Hence option D is correct.

A community of living things (plants, animals, and bacteria) in a specific location is called an ecosystem. 'Eco' refers to a region of the earth, and'system' refers to the organizing elements. An ecosystem is a group of creatures interacting with their physical surroundings.

An ecosystem is made up of a variety of biotic and abiotic (non-living) elements. The abiotic elements of an ecosystem are the numerous physical and chemical components. The physical elements of light, temperature, precipitation, air, soil, fire, and water have the biggest impacts on the ecosystem. A biome is a group of ecosystems in a specific geographic area that each have their own unique flora, fauna, and climate.

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The shark structure closest in function to a swim bladder full of gas is C) its liver. The liver in sharks is large and contains oil, which helps with buoyancy and maintaining their position in the water.

The liver of a shark contains oils that are less dense than water, which helps to provide buoyancy and allows the shark to control its depth in the water. This function is similar to the swim bladder in bony fish, which is also used to control buoyancy. The lateral line system helps sharks detect changes in water pressure and movement, the spiral valve aids in digestion, and the gills are used for respiration.
The shark structure closest in function to a swim bladder full of gas is C) its liver. The liver in sharks is large and contains oil, which helps with buoyancy and maintaining their position in the water.

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Cooking apples in water and cooking them in a sugar solution can result in different textural changes due to the effect of heat and sugar on the fruit's cellular structure and pectin content. the texture of cooked apples can vary depending on the cooking method and the presence of added sugar.

When apples are cooked in water, the heat causes the cell walls to break down, releasing the pectin molecules contained within the fruit's cell walls. Pectin is a form of soluble fibre that gives fruit structure and causes cooked fruit to thicken into a sauce or jam.

Cooking apples in water for an extended period of time may result in a softer texture because the heat and water break down the cell walls and soften the fruit. The flavour of the cooked apples may be less sweet and less prominent if no sugar is used.

When apples are cooked in a sugar solution, the additional sugar helps preserve the texture and shape of the fruit by generating a syrup that coats the apple's surface.

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When scientists are comparing DNA at a molecular level, they need to take into account factors such as genetic drift and convergent evolution that can result in similarities between two organisms that are not actually closely related.

To build confidence in their conclusions, scientists will often use multiple lines of evidence, such as comparing DNA sequences from multiple genes or using morphological and ecological data, to ensure that their conclusions are not based on a single piece of evidence.

Additionally, they may use statistical methods to determine the probability that the observed similarities are due to chance, which can further support their conclusions. Overall, molecular comparisons are just one tool that scientists use to understand the relationships between organisms, and it is important to use multiple lines of evidence to build a robust understanding of evolutionary relationships.

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The autonomic division that increases heart rate is the sympathetic division, as it prepares the body for situations requiring heightened physical activity or mental alertness. So the correct option is C.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into two main branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is responsible for activating the body's "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic division works to conserve energy and maintain bodily functions during rest. When the sympathetic division is activated, it releases neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, which stimulates the heart to beat faster and stronger. This increased heart rate allows for increased blood flow, providing oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues during times of stress or physical exertion.

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A 20-year-old man made the decision to plunge into the icy lake. In order to keep more blood in the warm centre of his body, many of the capillaries in the extremities will close down.

Two scientists, Schleiden (1838) and Schwann, put out the cell idea (1839). The basic unit if life, the cell, is described as being present in all plants and animals. Virchow (1855) added to the cell theory by proposing that all cells originate from pre-existing cells.

The largest cells are seen in ostrich eggs. The largest cell is the zebra egg, which is between 15 and 18 centimeters in length in width. Its longest cell type is the nerve cell. The largest cell in the human body is the female ovum.

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A complete protein contains all 9 essential amino acids. The correct option is B).

Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. There are 20 different amino acids commonly found in proteins, each with a unique side chain.

Out of these 20 amino acids, 9 are considered essential because they cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. These essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

A complete protein is one that contains all 9 essential amino acids in the correct proportions required by the body. This is also known as a high-quality protein. Foods that contain complete proteins include animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, as well as soybeans and quinoa.

It is important to note that a protein can still be complete even if it has been denatured, meaning its three-dimensional structure has been disrupted. Denaturation can occur due to changes in temperature, pH, or the presence of certain chemicals. While denaturation may affect the protein's function, it does not necessarily affect its amino acid composition.

Lastly, it is worth mentioning that not all polypeptides are complete proteins. A polypeptide is simply a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, whereas a complete protein refers specifically to a protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids. Therefore, the correct option is B)

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The process of peristalsis is responsible for the movement of substances through the alimentary canal.

Peristalsis is a coordinated muscular contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the walls of the digestive tract, which propels food and other substances through the gastrointestinal tract.

When food is ingested, it is moved through the alimentary canal, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, by the rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of these organs. These contractions push the food forward in a coordinated manner, allowing for the mechanical breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients along the way. This process of peristalsis is essential for the proper movement of food and other substances through the digestive tract, facilitating digestion, absorption, and elimination.

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Genetic abnormalities on the X and Y chromosomes, which make up each person's sex, are the root cause of sex-related illnesses.

Sex-linked inheritance is a biological process in which characteristics or features are passed down from one generation to the next via the sex chromosomes. Two sex chromosomes, X and Y, contain alleles at their gene loci. The X or Y chromosomes are responsible for carrying out these qualities that are passed down from one generation to the next.

Because they are heterozygous, males are more impacted by sex-related features than females. As they are homozygous for the X chromosome and convey the X chromosome to both offspring, the female transmits the X-linked inheritance to both son and daughter.

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Answer:True.

Explanation:

Small RNAs serve a variety of purposes, like option B: to cause mRNA transcripts to be broken down by a protein complex, and option D: mRNA molecules from being translated.

By attaching to particular mRNAs and either preventing or triggering the destruction of their translation, small RNAs, such as microRNAs and siRNAs, can control the expression of genes. They neither carry the information required to construct proteins on their own, nor do they construct proteins using codons.  

Numerous biological processes require RNA, also known as ribonucleic acid, which is a single-stranded nucleic acid. Its structure is comparable to that of DNA, except instead of deoxyribose and thymine, it contains the sugar ribose and the nucleotide uracil.

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