The car can travel approximately 316 miles on one gallon of gas, assuming that all of the energy released by the combustion of the gasoline is used to make the car go one mile.
Energy, 1.00 x 10^8 J flows directly into the surroundings in the form of heat. The amount of energy that can be used to make the car go one mile is:
E = 1.19 x 10^8 J - 1.00 x 10^8 J = 0.19 x 10^8 J
Work, W = F × d
where W is the work done, F is the force required to move the car, and d is the distance traveled.
6.0 x 10^5 J of work is required to make the car go one mile,
F = W/d = 6.0 x 10^5 J / 1609 m = 372.9 N
miles per gallon = E / W = (0.19 x 10^8 J) / (6.0 x 10^5 J/mile) = 316 miles per gallon
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how to convert 40celsius to fahrenheit?
40 degree Celsius in Fahrenheit is 104F. Fahrenheit and Celsius are related in that they are both units of temperature measurement.
To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you need to use the formula:
[tex]F = (9/5) * C + 32[/tex]
In this case, the formula would be:
[tex]Fahrenheit = (9/5) * 40 + 32[/tex]
Fahrenheit = 72 + 32
Fahrenheit = 104°F
Therefore, 40°C is equal to 104°F.
The formula for converting a temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius is [tex](F - 32) * 5/9[/tex]. This formula can be used to find the Celsius equivalent of any temperature given in Fahrenheit. Celsius, also known as centigrade, was developed by Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius in the mid 1700s. It is a scale based on 0 degrees as the freezing point of water and 100 degrees as the boiling point of water.
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Give another example of a topic or object that continually experiences potential and kinetic energy.
Answer:
Explanation:
A body that has speed and is positioned is above the ground has both kinetic and potential energy.
flying birda coiled springa man climbing hillof the following, which color represents the lowest surface temperature for a star? yellow, orange, red, white, and blue
The color represents the lowest surface temperature for a star is option (3) red
The surface temperature of a star is one of the key factors that determine its color. The color of a star also depends on its composition, size, and distance from us, but temperature is the most important factor.
Stars emit light across a wide range of wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays. The peak of this emission is determined by the star's surface temperature, following a pattern called Planck's law. Hotter stars emit more blue and violet light, while cooler stars emit more red and infrared light.
The sequence of colors that represent the different surface temperatures of stars is commonly referred to as the "spectral sequence" or "color sequence". This sequence starts with blue stars (the hottest), followed by white, yellow, orange, and red stars (the coolest).
Therefore, the correct option is (3) red
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state the name of the store that has less energy at the end than it had at the start
The store that has less energy at the end than it had at the start is called a net energy loss store.
What is energy?Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat, light, or other forms of energy. It exists in several forms such as kinetic energy (energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy), electrical energy, thermal energy, light energy, gravitational energy, sound energy, and chemical energy. Energy can be converted from one form to another such as electricity is typically generated from the conversion of mechanical energy. Energy is essential for the functioning of the universe, from stars and galaxies to the complex systems of the human body. Conservation of energy is an important concept in physics and everyday life, as it enables us to maximize the useful energy available from a given source and minimize waste.
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what is the frequency of an electromagnetic wave that has the same wavelength as a 2.5 khz sound wave in water?
Answer: 120000 m
Explanation:
in electromagnetic wave, velocity is same as 3*10^8 m/s
therefore
λ = v/f
= c/f
= 3*10^8 / 2500 Hz
= 120000 m
what is online calculator of resistor color code
An online calculator of resistor color code is a tool that allows you to determine the value of a resistor based on the color bands that are marked on it.
To use the online calculator, you simply enter the colors of the bands on the resistor, and the calculator will provide you with the value of the resistor in ohms.
Some online calculators may also provide additional information, such as the tolerance and temperature coefficient of the resistor.
There are many online calculators of resistor color code available on the internet. Some popular examples include the calculators provided by Digi-Key, Ohm's Law Calculator, and RapidTables.
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The image below shows a force of 10 N being applied to an object. The force is being applied toward the right, and the object is accelerating toward the right. No other force is acting on the object. Examine the image, and then answer the question that follows.
A second force of 13 N is applied to the object. If this second force is applied toward the left while the first force is being applied toward the right, which of the following will occur?
A.
The object will immediately begin moving toward the left.
B.
The object will continue moving toward the right at the same speed.
C.
The object will continue accelerating toward the right.
D.
The object will immediately accelerate toward the left.
Answer:
the answer is A, the object will immediately begin moving toward the left.
a test rocket is fired straight up from rest with a net acceleration of 20.0 m/s2. after 4.00 seconds the motor turns off, but the rocket continues to coast upward with no appreciable air resistance. what maximum elevation does the rocket reach?
The speed at which an object's velocity changes in relation to time is referred to as acceleration. The rocket has a maximum altitude of 486.5 meters.
Acceleration:
The speed at which an object's velocity changes in relation to time is referred to as acceleration. Vector quantities are accelerations. Assuming that it accelerates for four seconds and has a net upward acceleration of twenty meters per second². Consequently, during the acceleration phase, the rocket's highest altitude is
y = y₀ + ut + ½ at²
y = 0 + (0)(4) + ½ (20) (4)²
y = 160
Currently, the rocket's speed during the acceleration phase is,
v = at + u
v = (20) (4) + 0
v = 80
Therefore , after the rocket's motor is switched off, the highest point it can reach is,
v² = v₀² + 2a (y − y₀)
(0)² = (80)² + 2(-9.8) (y − 160)
Using the provided equation to find y,
y ≈ 486.5
Hence, the rocket may go as high as 486.5 meters.
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Two more balloon like objects were shot down over ___ and northern canada.
"Two more balloon like objects were shot down over the United States and northern Canada."
North American nations include Canada and the United States of America. Recent confirmation from the governments of both nations that balloon-like objects were shot down while passing over their territory.
There is a great deal of controversy regarding the items and how the various nations are handling them. They are tools used by the Chinese government to eavesdrop, according to the American government. Beijing, however, refutes the allegations and claims that their balloon was utilised for meteorological reasons. We cannot definitively say that all flying objects originate from China or serve one particular function because not all of them have been correctly identified.
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A box weighing 25 N is lifted to a height of 1.1 m by sliding it up a ramp 3.2 m long. The person pushing the box exerts a force of 9.9 N.
What is the mechanical advantage of the ramp?
b. What is the machine's efficiency?
5. What is the power of a crane that lifts a 120 N load 14 m in 3.6 s?
Answer:
a. The mechanical advantage of the ramp is:
Mechanical advantage = length of ramp / height
Mechanical advantage = 3.2 m / 1.1 m
Mechanical advantage = 2.91
b. The efficiency of the machine is the ratio of output work to input work, expressed as a percentage. In this case, the output work is the work done on the box (force x distance), which is:
Output work = force x distance
Output work = 25 N x 1.1 m
Output work = 27.5 J
The input work is the work done by the person pushing the box, which is:
Input work = force x distance
Input work = 9.9 N x 3.2 m
Input work = 31.68 J
The efficiency of the machine is:
Efficiency = (output work / input work) x 100%
Efficiency = (27.5 J / 31.68 J) x 100%
Efficiency = 86.8%
Therefore, the efficiency of the machine is 86.8%.
c. The power of the crane is given by the formula:
Power = work / time
where work is the product of force and distance, and time is the duration over which the work is done.
In this case, the work done by the crane is:
Work = force x distance
Work = 120 N x 14 m
Work = 1680 J
The time taken to lift the load is 3.6 s. Therefore, the power of the crane is:
Power = work / time
Power = 1680 J / 3.6 s
Power = 466.7 W
Therefore, the power of the crane is 466.7 watts.
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Explanation:
Fill The blank? light energy with very low amplitude would be perceived as ________.
Light energy with very low amplitude would be perceived as DIM.
What is the amplitude of light?Amplitude in mild refers to the quantity of strength in an electromagnetic wave and that means is identical here. Amplitude refers to the gap of the most vertical displacement of the wave from its suggest position. The large the amplitude, the better the strength.
Given, a certain light energy with very low amplitude
The wavelength of light energy determines its color, not the amplitude of the light wave. Brightness is related to amplitude.
Since, The amplitude of a wave, in simple terms, is related to the amount if the energy it carries with itself. A wave of high amplitude will carry high energy and a wave with low amplitude carries low energy.
thus,
Light energy with a very high amplitude would be perceived as very bright.
Therefore, Light energy with very low amplitude would be perceived as DIM.
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What is the force constant of the spring which is 4cm by a mass of 200 g
The force constant of the spring would be 50 N/m.
What is spring?A spring is a deformable object whose linear length can be changed under the presence of force. It regains its original length after the force is removed.
When a spring is stretched by the length {x} due to an acting force {F}, then the following relation holds -
F = - kx
where {k} is spring constant.
Given is that a spring is stretched by 4cm by a mass of 200 g.
We know that -
F = - kx
|F| = |- kx|
200 = 4k
k = 50 N/m
Therefore, the force constant of the spring would be 50 N/m.
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What is the uncertainty of pipe in c?
The uncertainty of a pipe in C refers to the level of imprecision or variability in the measured flow rate of fluid through the pipe.
Pipe uncertainty is affected by several factors, including the diameter and length of the pipe, the viscosity and density of the fluid, and the type of flow (e.g., laminar or turbulent).
To determine pipe uncertainty, it is necessary to consider the accuracy of the flow measurement equipment and the various sources of error that can occur during the measurement process. These may include factors such as temperature fluctuations, pressure changes, and variations in flow velocity.
Reducing pipe uncertainty requires careful attention to measurement techniques and equipment calibration, as well as an understanding of the factors that can affect flow rate. Proper monitoring and control of pipe uncertainty can help ensure accurate and consistent measurement of fluid flow, which is critical for many industrial and scientific applications.
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how to convert pascals to atm
To convert pascals (Pa) to atmospheres (atm), you can use the following conversion factor: 1 atm = 101325 Pa
Pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as the force of one newton acting over an area of one square meter.
In other words, the pascal is a measure of the pressure or stress on a surface that results from a force being applied uniformly over that surface. For example, if you apply a force of 100 newtons over an area of 1 square meter, the pressure would be 100 pascals (since 1 Pa = 1 N/m^2).
The pascal can also be expressed in terms of other units, such as the bar (1 bar = 100,000 Pa) or the atmosphere (1 atm = 101,325 Pa). The pascal is commonly used in many fields of science and engineering, including fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, and material science. It is also used to express other physical quantities such as stress, strain, and modulus of elasticity.
This means that one atmosphere is equal to 101325 pascals. To convert pascals to atmospheres, you can divide the pressure value in pascals by 101325.
For example, to convert 500000 Pa to atm:
500000 Pa / 101325 = 4.93 atm (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, 500000 Pa is approximately equal to 4.93 atm.
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what is the frequency of a 90 kev x-ray photon?
The frequency of a 90 keV X-ray photon is [tex]2.175 \times 10^{19} \ Hz[/tex].
The frequency of an X-ray photon can be determined using the Planck-Einstein relation, which states that the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. The equation is:
E = h * f
where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck's constant
([tex]6.626 \times 10^{-34}[/tex] J s), and f is the frequency of the photon.
To find the frequency of a 90 keV X-ray photon, we need to convert the energy from keV (kiloelectron volts) to joules, since the units of Planck's constant are in joule-seconds. We can do this by multiplying the energy in keV by the electron charge ([tex]1.602 \times 10^{-19 }[/tex]C) to convert it to joules:
90 keV * (1[tex]1.602 \times 10^{-19 }[/tex] C) = [tex]1.4428 \times 10^{-14}[/tex] J
Now we can use the Planck-Einstein relation to find the frequency:
E = h * f
f = E / h
f = [tex]1.4428 \times 10^{-14}[/tex] / ([tex]6.626 \times 10^{-34}[/tex] J s)
f =[tex]2.175 \times 10^{19}[/tex] Hz
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expalin how a free body diagran allows you to slove for force problems
A free body diagram allows us to analyze the forces acting on an object or system, and by using Newton's laws of motion, we can solve for force problems and understand the motion of the object or system.
What is free body diagram?
A free body diagram (FBD) is a graphical representation that shows all the forces acting on an isolated object or a system. By creating a FBD, we can analyze the forces acting on the object and use Newton's laws of motion to solve for force problems.
To create a free body diagram FBD, we draw a diagram of the object or system with all external forces acting on it shown as arrows. These forces include weight, normal force, friction, tension, and any other forces that are present. It is important to note that only external forces are included in a FBD, as internal forces cancel each other out.
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what is the relationship of the slope to the moving object?
A slanted line on a distance-time graph indicates that the object is moving. On a graph of a distance versus time, the line's gradient or slope equals the object's speed. The steeper the line, the faster the thing moves (and the greater the gradient).
The slope of the line increases with line steepness, and the rate of change of the object's motion increases with line steepness. The idea behind this is that the slope of a line on a position-time graph is equal to the object's velocity. The line's slope will be +4 m/s if the object is moving at a +4 m/s speed. If the object is travelling at a speed of -8 m/s, the line will slope by that amount. You may determine speed from the slope or steepness of a line. The speed increases with increasing slope steepness (greater verticality). Slow speed results from a flatter (more horizontal) slope. If the line is entirely horizontal or flat, the object is stopped or moving at a standstill.
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how to convert 27 degrees c to f?
The temperature can be converted by first multiplying 27 by 9 over 5. Then, to get 80.6 degrees Fahrenheit, multiply 32 by 48.6.
The temperature scale known as the Fahrenheit scale was derived from one that physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit suggested in 1724. The unit is the degree Fahrenheit.
On the Celsius scale, one of the two temperature scales used in the International System of Units (the other being the Kelvin scale), the unit of temperature is the degree Celsius.
Fahrenheit was an early developer of the thermometer as we know it, thus he naturally needed to mark out different temperatures on them. He created the scale that is today known as Fahrenheit.
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what is ca oh 2 molar mass
Ca(OH)2 has a molar mass of 74.092 g/mol.
Calcium hydroxide, sometimes referred to as slaked lime, has the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is an inorganic material that when solid appears white and powdered.
The atomic masses of each element in the periodic table must fist be determined.
Ca = 40.078 (Calcium)
O(Ozone) = 15.999
1.008 H(Hydrogen)
The following equation can be made:
40.078 + (15.999 + 1.008) × 2
40.078 + (17.007) × 2
40.078 + 34.014
= 74.092 g/mol
The molar mass, or molecular mass, of Ca(OH)2 is 74.093 grammes. Th molecule consists of one calcium atom, two oxygen atoms, and two hydrogen atoms. Their molar masses are totaled in this The molar mass of Ca(OH)2 is 74.092 g/mol.
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Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B in the drawing (R1 = 5.00 Ω, R2 = 7.00Ω)
The equivalent resistance between points A and B in the circuit is 9.844 Ω.
What is a resistor?A resistor is an electronic component designed to provide resistance to the flow of electric current in an electronic circuit. Resistors are passive components, meaning they do not amplify or switch the current, but instead they regulate the flow of current by impeding the flow of electrons.
To find the equivalent resistance between points A and B in the circuit, we can use a combination of series and parallel resistors.
First, we can combine resistors R1 and R2 in parallel to get an equivalent resistance:
1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2
1/R_eq = 1/5 + 1/7
1/R_eq = 0.4 + 0.1429
1/R_eq = 0.5429
R_eq = 1/0.5429
R_eq = 1.844 Ω (rounded to 3 decimal places)
The two resulting resistors, R3 and R_eq, are in series with each other, so we can add their resistances to get the total equivalent resistance:
R_total = R3 + R_eq
R_total = 8.00 Ω + 1.844 Ω
R_total = 9.844 Ω
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Which best approximates the resultant of a pair of 6-unit vectors at right angles to each other?
a. 0 units
b. 6 units
c. 8 units
d. 12 units
The required resultant of a pair of 6-unit vectors at right angles to each other is calculated to be 8 units. Correct option is C.
The resultant of the two vectors is the vector that produces the same effect as the combination of the individual vectors. When two vectors are mutually perpendicular to each other, then the resultant vector passes through the point from both originate.
The magnitude of vectors is 6 units.
As the two vectors are said to be perpendicular to each other, we have resultant vector as,
R = √6² + 6² = √72 = 8.49 units ≈ 8 units
Thus, the required resultant of a pair of 6-unit vectors at right angles to each other is calculated to be 8 units.
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The pressure drop over a certain length of horizontal pipe is assumed to be a function of the velocity
The pressure drop over a certain length of horizontal pipe is assumed to be a function of the velocity is true because of the relationship between fluid flow and pressure, which is described by the Bernoulli's principle.
The pressure drop over a certain length of horizontal pipe is typically related to the flow rate through the pipe, which is in turn related to the velocity of the fluid. This relationship is described by the Darcy-Weisbach equation,
ΔP = f (L/D) (ρV^2/2)
Where ΔP is the pressure drop, L is the length of the pipe, D is the diameter of the pipe, ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the average velocity of the fluid, and f is the friction factor, which depends on the roughness of the pipe surface and the Reynolds number of the flow.
This equation shows that the pressure drop is proportional to the square of the velocity of the fluid, which means that as the velocity increases, the pressure drop will also increase. Therefore, the pressure drop over a certain length of horizontal pipe can be related to the velocity of the fluid flowing through it.
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For the equation below:
Eel = 1/2KX ^2
What happens to elastic energy if you decrease the stretch value on a spring?
The stored elastic potential energy decreases.
What happens to the elastic potential energy when we compress the spring?When we compress a spring, we apply a force that compresses the coils of the spring closer together. This causes the spring to store elastic potential energy, which is the energy that the spring possesses due to its deformation. This potential energy is a form of mechanical energy that can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy or thermal energy.
When the compressed spring is released, the stored elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the spring expands and the compressed coils of the spring move apart hence the store elastic potential energy decreases.
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A 65-kg male ice skater is facing a 45-kg female ice skater. They are at rest on the ice. They push off each other and move in opposite directions. The female skater moves backwards with a speed of 3 m/s. Determine the post-impulse speed of the male skater.
A 50-gram tennis ball is loaded into a 2-kg homemade cannon. The cannon is at rest when it is ignited. Immediately after the impulse of the explosion, a photogate timer measures the cannon to recoil backwards a distance of 6 cm in 0. 02 seconds. Determine the post-explosion speed of the cannon and of the tennis ball (watch your units!!!)
Post-explosion speed of the cannon: _____________
Post-explosion speed of the tennis ball: ___________
The female skater moves backward at a speed of 3 m/s. The post-impulse speed of the male skater is 2.08m/s.
Momentum (linear) along, say, the x-axis is:
p=mv
so we have for the 2 skaters system:
[tex]p_before = p_after[/tex]
(45.0)+(65.0)= (45*3)+(65*v)
v= - 135/65= -2.08m/s
Speed in physics refers to how fast an object is moving. It is a scalar quantity that only takes into account the magnitude of the velocity of the object, not its direction. The speed of an object can be calculated by dividing the distance it travels by the time it takes to travel that distance. The SI unit of speed is meters per second (m/s), but other units such as miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (km/h) can also be used.
Speed can be constant, meaning the object is moving at a steady rate, or it can be changing, meaning the object is accelerating or decelerating. Acceleration is the rate at which an object's speed changes over time, and it is typically measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2).
The concept of speed is fundamental to many areas of physics, including mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. It is also a critical component of everyday life, influencing how we travel, communicate, and interact with the world around us.
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If a car moving at a steady speed rounds a corner at 60 km/h, does it maintain a constant speed? Maintain a constant velocity? Defend your answers. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right 1. The ______ is constant and the ______ changes 2. Thus, the car ______ a constant speed and it a ______ a constant velocity - does not maintain - distance - instantaneous speed
- maintains - direction of motion
The speed is constant and the direction of motion changes.
Thus, the car maintains a constant speed and it does not maintain a constant velocity - the instantaneous speed varies as it goes around the corner due to the change in direction of motion.
What happens to the car's velocity when it rounds a corner?When a car rounds a corner at a steady speed, it changes its direction of motion, and therefore, its velocity changes as well. Velocity is a vector quantity that takes into account both the speed and direction of an object's motion. Since the direction changes, the velocity changes as well. However, if the car maintains the same speed throughout the turn, then the speed remains constant. Speed is a scalar quantity that only takes into account the magnitude of an object's motion, and it is measured as the distance traveled per unit of time.
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why does warm, moist air start to uplift in the initial stages of thunderstorm development?'
Warm, moist air starts to uplift in the initial stages of thunderstorm development because of a combination of different lift mechanisms.
One of these is convective lift, which occurs when warmer air rises due to its buoyancy. This is because warm air is less dense than cooler air, and so it is more easily displaced by the cooler air. Another lift mechanism is orographic lift, which is the result of air being forced to rise as it moves over a mountain or hill. Finally, frontal lift occurs when a cold front moves into an area of warm, moist air, forcing it to rise. All of these lift mechanisms can combine to cause warm, moist air to be lifted and form a thunderstorm.
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what is the maximum height at which a scaffold should be placed is 20 feet
The feet and meter are the units used to measure the length. Here the maximum height in meter at which a scaffold should be placed is 20 feet is 6.097 m.
What is feet?The feet is a standard unit of measurement. It is used to measure the length and distance of the objects. Feet is the plural alternative whereas the foot is the singular additive.
The metric system includes meters, centimeters, etc., whereas the imperial system includes foot, inches, yards, etc.,
Here 1 meter = 3.280 feet
So 20 feet = 6.097 m
Thus the maximum height in meter at which a scaffold should be placed is 20 feet is 6.097 m.
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OSHA regulations generally suggest the maximum height for a scaffold to be around 20 feet. This is to primarily ensure the workers' safety and to prevent accidents.
Explanation:The maximum height at which a scaffold should be placed is typically set by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) regulations. In general, the maximum height for a scaffold is usually around 20 feet.
This setting ensures that workers utilize the scaffold appropriately at a safe height to prevent accidents, such as falls occurring from a height the humans are unprepared to handle. Worker Safety and adherence to the safety standards is the ultimate goal behind this regulation.
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a small car (mass 380. kg) is pushing a large truck (mass 900. kg) due east on a level road. the car exerts a horizontal force of 2345 n on the truck. if the truck is accelerating at 2.50 m/s2, what is the magnitude of the net force on the truck?
The magnitude of the net force on the truck is 2070.5 N.
What is frictional force?Frictional force is the force that opposes motion or attempted motion between two surfaces in contact. It arises as a result of the interlocking of irregularities on the surfaces in contact, and it acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion or attempted motion.
Frictional force can be classified into two types: static friction and kinetic friction. Static friction is the force that prevents an object from moving when a force is applied to it, while kinetic friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object that is already in motion.
The normal force is equal to the weight of the truck, which can be calculated as:
weight = mass x gravity
where gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s^2.
So the weight of the truck is:
weight = 900 kg x 9.81 m/s^2 = 8829 N
Therefore, the normal force is:
normal force = weight = 8829 N
And the frictional force is:
frictional force = 0.5 x 8829 N = 4414.5 N
Next, we can find the net force on the truck by subtracting the force of friction from the force exerted by the car:
net force = 2345 N - 4414.5 N = -2070.5 N
Note that the negative sign indicates that the net force is in the opposite direction to the force exerted by the car, which makes sense since the truck is slowing down.
Finally, we can use Newton's second law to find the acceleration of the truck:
net force = mass x acceleration
-2070.5 N = 900 kg x acceleration
acceleration = -2.3 m/s^2
Again, the negative sign indicates that the truck is slowing down.
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what is the required number of known physical variables that are needed to solve for the unknown quantities using the kinematic equations?
When analyzing the motion of a single object, four known physical variables are needed to solve for the unknown quantities using the kinematic equations.
These variables are displacement (s), velocity (v), acceleration (a), and time (t). When solving for the unknown quantities, you can use any combination of the four variables to solve for the desired unknown. For example, if you know the acceleration, displacement, and time, you can use the equation at^2/2 + vt + s = 0 to solve for the velocity. Similarly, if you know the velocity, displacement, and time, you can use the equation v^2 = 2as + v0^2 to solve for the acceleration.
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how to calculate heat of vaporization given pressure and temperature
The required heat of vaporization is calculated when the pressure and temperature are given using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
The mathematical equation of Clausius-Clapeyron is given as,
ln(P₁/P₂) = -ΔHvap/R (1/T₂ - 1/T₁)
where,
P₁, P₂ are the vapour pressures at two temperatures T₁, T₂
ΔHvap is enthalpy of vapourization
R is gas constant
When the temperature reaches a certain level, known as the critical temperature, the heat of vaporisation entirely disappears.
Latent heat of condensation grows as pressure rises, while latent heat of vapourization decreases.
By substituting the required values in the above equation, we get the heat of vaporization value.
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