The heat that is produced when sodium and chlorine ions establish an ionic bond is known as the heat of formation.
What is ionic bond?Ionic bonding, a sort of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between two atoms or ions with sharply differing charges, is the main interaction that takes place in ionic compounds.
The electrical attraction between two ions with opposing charges in a chemical molecule creates an ionic bond, also known as an electrovalent bond.
One atom's valence (outermost) electrons are permanently transferred to another atom to create this type of bond. Ionic bonds, which occur when two negatively charged ions join forces with positively charged ones, are formed when one atom transfers electrons to the other. Ionic bonds can be seen in the chemical compound sodium chloride.
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Which of the following sequences or molecules is LEAST relevant to the assembly of the basal transcription apparatus for transcription?
A) core promoter
B) general transcription factors
C) TATA box
D) RNA polymerase
E) enhancer
E) enhancer is the least relevant to the assembly of the basal transcription apparatus for transcription.
The basal transcription apparatus is a complex of proteins and other molecules that are required for the initiation of transcription of DNA into RNA. The core components of the basal transcription apparatus include: A) core promoter: it is a DNA sequence that is located near the start site of transcription and is responsible for recruiting RNA polymerase to the gene. B) general transcription factors: They are a set of proteins that are required for the initiation of transcription and recognize the core promoter. C) TATA box: It is a sequence of DNA that is located near the start site of transcriptio. D) RNA polymerase: An enzyme that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA. E) Enhancer: It is a DNA sequence that can be located far from the promoter and can increase the rate of transcription of a gene by binding to specific transcription factors and recruiting the basal transcription apparatus. Enhancer is not necessary for the assembly of the basal transcription apparatus, it can increase the rate of transcription of a gene once the basal transcription apparatus is assembled.
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Select the reasons why gases deviate from ideal behavior at extremes of pressure and temperature. Select all that apply.
The reasons why gases deviate from ideal behavior at extremes of pressure and temperature are shown below:
Intermolecular forces: At high pressures and temperatures, the interactions between gas molecules become more significant, leading to deviations from ideal behavior.Molecular size and shape: Larger or non-spherical molecules tend to deviate from ideal behavior more in extreme conditions.Phase transitions: As the temperature and pressure of a gas are increased or decreased, the gas may undergo a phase transition (such as condensation or liquefaction) that changes its behavior.Kinetic energy: At high temperatures, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases, leading to deviations from ideal behavior.Real gases have a finite size and real intermolecular forcesReal gases have a non-zero volumeAll of these options are correct and are the reasons why gases deviate from ideal behavior at extremes of pressure and temperature.
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is XeF2Br2 polar or non polar
According to the molecular geometry, XeF₂Br₂ is polar as the compound possesses dipole moment.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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what name is sometimes used to refer to the entire set of d block elements
Transition elements or transition metals is sometimes used to refer to the entire set of d block elements
Transition elements are components to partially filled d orbitals (also recognised as transition metals). Transition structures are identified by IUPAC as elements with such a partially filled d subshell or elements able to form stable cations with an imperfectly packed d orbital. Transition metals are factors present in the periodic table between both the s-block and the p-block. As a result, they are made reference to as d-block elements. Transition metals are unsteady metals with transition phase behaviour between both the s and p block elements, hence their name.
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In a metabolic pathway, a reaction that best serves as a committed step:
Follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Is endergonic.
Is shared amongst at least two pathways.
Is a near equilibrium reaction.
Is metabolically irreversible.
These pathways increases the energy of efficiency transfer and a single enzyme catalyzes a specific reaction.
classify the each of the following statements about the octet rule as true or false.
TRUE OR FALSE
According to the octet rule, atoms frequently attempt to have the same electron configuration as the nearby noble gas.
Due to the fact that all orbitals will be filled, an entire octet is exceedingly stable. A process that increases the stability of the atoms will release energy in the form of heat or light because more stable atoms have less energy. When there are eight electrons surrounding the atom, the arrangement is stable. The valence electrons in an atom can be gained or lost to make an octet; atoms have eight valence electrons; and elements in group 1A of the periodic table lose one electron to form an octet. These claims concerning the octet rule are correct.
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complete question: Classify each of the following statements about the octet rule as true or false.
1. Atoms with eight valence electrons follow the octet rule
2. Only atoms with exactly eight electrons follow the octet rule
3. Atoms will gain or lose valence electrons to obtain an octet
4. All of the elements in group 8A of the periodic table obey the octet rule
5. Elements in group 1A of the periodic table will lose one electron to form an octet
6. Elements in group 1A will gain one electron to form an octet
Which of the following terms best describes the reactive nature of a Grignard reagent? a) electrophile b) carbocation c) nucleophile
d) free radical
nucleophile best describes the reactive nature of a Grignard reagent among the follwoing.
A Grignard reagent is a type of organometallic reagent that is formed by the reaction of an alkyl or aryl halide with magnesium metal. The reactive nature of a Grignard reagent is a nucleophile. Nucleophiles are species that are attracted to positively charged species and have a lone pair of electrons that they can use to form a new bond. In the case of Grignard reagents, the reagent is able to attack the electrophilic carbon atom in a compound, forming a new C-C bond.nucleophile - is a species that is attracted to positively charged species and has a lone pair of electrons that they can use to form a new bond.
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Calculate the total number of atoms in 0.111 mol of Fe(CO)3(PH3)2. please write as many steps as you can so I can understand it.
The total number of atoms in 0.111 mole of Fe(CO)3(PH3)2 is 1.00 × 10^24.
To calculate the number of atoms first we need to calculate the number of moles. In 1 mole of a substance, the number of atoms is NA or 6.023×1023 atoms. This number is also known as Avogadro's number. Multiplying the given moles with NA gives the total number of atoms.
Here, we will find the total number of moles of each element. So let us consider element present in the compound and number of moles of that element. Such that Fe- 1, C- 3, O - 3 , P – 2 , H – 6 . So total number of atoms molecule is 15. The number of atoms in 0.111 moles of Fe(CO)3(PH3)2, therefore 15 x 0.111 which gives 1.665 moles of atom. That is 1.665 x 6.023 x 10^23. This gives the value as 1.00 x 10^24.
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draw the structures of ethane, ethene, and ethyne. show all hydrogen atoms.
The structures of ethane, ethene, and ethyne. show all hydrogen atoms is given below.
What is Ethane?Ethane is a hydrocarbon molecule with the chemical formula C2H6. It is composed of two carbon atoms joined by a single covalent bond and six hydrogen atoms bound to the carbons. The structural formula of ethane is shown below. All six hydrogen atoms are explicitly shown.
Ethene
Ethene is a hydrocarbon molecule with the chemical formula C2H4. It is composed of two carbon atoms joined by a double covalent bond and four hydrogen atoms bound to the carbons. The structural formula of ethene is shown below. All four hydrogen atoms are explicitly shown.
Ethyne
Ethyne is a hydrocarbon molecule with the chemical formula C2H2. It is composed of two carbon atoms joined by a triple covalent bond and two hydrogen atoms bound to the carbons. The structural formula of ethyne is shown below. Both hydrogen atoms are explicitly shown.
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1.Use the voltaic cells lab to fill in the table and answer the questions below it.
2.When the voltage is positive the black wire is attached to the , the site of and the red wire is attached to the , the site of . In the cell with the highest potential the reducing agent is while the oxidizing agent is .
A thermodynamically favorable redox reaction is used by galvanic (or voltaic) cells to produce an electric current. Every half-reaction happens in a different compartment, or half-cell, that has an electrode.
What is voltaic cells?An electrochemical device known as a voltaic cell uses a chemical reaction to generate electrical energy. Half-cell compartments are used to separate the processes of oxidation and reduction. A voltaic cell, often referred to as a galvanic cell, is an electrochemical cell that produces electricity by redox reactions that occur on their own. It is made up of two unique half-cells. An electrode (a strip of metal, M) and a solution containing Mn+ ions make up a half-cell, where M can be any metal. Voltaic cells are electrochemical devices where the chemical reactions happen on their own. This indicates that the cathode will experience spontaneous reduction, while the anode will experience spontaneous oxidation.To learn more about voltaic cells, refer to:
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How many grams of NH3 can be produced from 10.8 g of H2
Answer:
Balanced equation is N2 + 3H2 ==> 2NH3
moles of N2 = 2.60 g x 1 mole/28 g = 0.0929 moles N2
grams H2 needed = 0.0929 moles N2 x 3 moles H2/mole N2 x 2 g/mole = 0.557 g H2 neede
Explanation:
Which of the following compounds have the same oxidation level as the compound in row 1? (Enter your answer in numerical order as the row number(s) separated by commas, i.e. 2, 3, 5. If none of the compounds have the same oxidation level, write 'none'.)
The oxidation level in the first set from row 1 to row 5 is 4 , 1 ,1,2,1 and in the second set is 3,1,1,1,2. the compounds which have the same oxidation level as the compound in row 1 in first set is 3 and in second set is none.
Hence, oxidation level of row 1 of first set is 4 with two electronegative O and one electronegative Nalong with an unsaturation. Also row 3 of the first set has oxidation level 4(two unsaturation and two 0) Similarly, oxidation level of row 1 of second set is 3. No other compounds in second set has oxidation level 3, hence first set - 3 and second set - none. The oxidation level of a compound is determined by the number of electronegative elements and unsaturations in the compound. The more number of electronegative elements there are, more is the oxidation level as we know that oxidation is the process of removal of electron or addition of electronegative elements like O and N. Also, the reverse reduction is defined as H being added to the compound. For example, in acetic acid, there are two O atoms and a C=O unsaturation. Hence, the oxidation level is 3. Similarly, in ethene, there is only one unsaturation. Hence, oxidation number is 1.
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the complete question is :
Which of the following compounds have the same oxidation level as the compound in row 1? (Enter your answer in numerical order as the row number(s) separated by commas, i.e. 2, 3, 5. If none of the compounds have the same oxidation level, write 'none'.)
How many of the carbons in the following compound are chiral center(s)?
When a molecule or ion is chiral, all of the substituents connected to the carbon should be distinct and the molecule or ion can be superimposed on its mirror counterpart. Here, there are six chiral carbons, each with a unique substituent attached.
Give an illustration of what a chiral center is?The stereocenter prevents the structure from being overlaid on its mirror counterpart by holding a group of atoms (ligands) in space. For instance, the serine molecule's core carbon is chiral. Hydrogen and the amino group are able to revolve around carbon.
There are four distinct groups that are bound to six separate chiral centers. Note: Stereogenic centers are another name for chiral centers. when an achiral carbon's mirror image is turned.
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Which cubic crystal has the most efficient arrangement of spheres?
simple cubic
O body-centered cubic
O face-centered cubic
ws.
O tetragonal cubic
The body-centered cubic structure has the most efficient arrangement of spheres.
What is the best configuration of spheres?The best way to arrange spheres is in proximity to one another. A metal crystal's atoms are grouped in what is known as close-packed formations, which are comparable patterns. The following diagram illustrates the various closely packed forms that pure metals can adopt. These three closest packing configurations are those that the majority of pure metals naturally use.
Which unit cell packs more efficiently, the basic cubic or the body-centered cubic?Simple cubic and body-centered cubic lattices have packing efficiency of 52.4% and 68%, respectively.
What are the fcc, bcc, and basic cubic packing efficiencies?Both of these fill 74% of the available space according to their 74% packing efficiency. The packing efficiency of a body-centered cubic lattice, or bcc, is 68% while that of a simple cubic lattice is 52.4%.
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choose the answer that best explains why compound a is much more stable than compound b.
O A. both a and b have resonance structures that are antiaromatic, but a is larger and therefore more stable.
O B. a has a resonance structure that is aromatic and b has a resonance structures that is antiaromatic.
O C. both a and b have resonance structures that are aromatic, but a is larger and therefore more stable.
O D. a has a resonance structure that is antiaromatic and b has a resonance structure that is aromatic.
Option B. best explains why chemical compound a is much more stable than compound b where a has aromatic resonance structure and b has antiaromatic.
A chemical compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. The elements in a chemical compound are combined through chemical reactions, and the properties of a chemical compound are different from the properties of the individual elements that make it up. Chemical compounds can be classified as inorganic or organic, with organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms, and inorganic compounds not containing these atoms. Chemical compounds can be further classified based on their chemical properties, such as acids and bases, and can be identified and studied using chemical analysis techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography and X-ray crystallography.
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Which statement about the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose to two glucoseunits is true?
answer choices
The reaction is energy neutral.
The potential energy contained within glucose is larger than that of maltose.
The hydrolysis reaction involves the breaking of two covalent bonds.
The hydrolysis reaction involves the breaking of a single covalent bond.
The statement about the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose to two glucose units is true is The hydrolysis reaction involves the breaking of two covalent bonds.
What is hydrolysis reaction?One molecule disintegrates into several smaller molecules during a hydrolysis reaction. An ester is hydrolyzed by acid to produce a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. A carboxylate salt and an alcohol are produced by the basic hydrolysis (saponification) of an ester. When water interacts with another chemical substance, two or more products are produced. Some instances of hydrolysis include dissolving a weak acid or base salt in water or dissolving sulfuric acid in water, which results in the formation of hydronium and bisulfate compounds. A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down using water. This is done by introducing a water molecule across a covalent link in the component.To learn more about hydrolysis reaction refer to;
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what type(s) of intermolecular forces are expected between po(oh)3 molecules?
The attracting and repellent forces that develop between the molecules of a substance are referred to as intermolecular forces (IMF), which is sometimes shortened.
What is intermolecular forces?The attracting and repellent forces that develop between the molecules of a substance are known as intermolecular forces, or IMF for short. Individual molecules of a substance interact with one another through the mediation of these forces.
Most of the physical and chemical features of matter are caused by intermolecular forces. Acting between molecules are intermolecular forces. Intramolecular forces, on the other hand, operate within molecules.
Intermolecular forces can be divided into three categories: hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces (LDF). Despite the fact that molecules can have any combination of these three types of intermolecular forces, all substances at least contain LDF.
Hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole, and London dispersion forces are the principal intermolecular interactions.
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How many Liters are 5.1 grams of Cl2?
5.1 grams of Cl2 is calculated as 1.610 L. As all the gases that behave ideally have the same number density, they will also have the same molar volume.
What is molar volume?Molar volume of a substance is the volume occupied by one mole of substance at given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molecular mass of the substance divided by its density at the given temperature and pressure: It has SI unit of cubic meters per mole.
Given 5.1 grams of Cl2
As molar mass of Cl2 = 70.906 g/mol
So, moles = 5.1/70.906
= 0.0719 mol
Volume= moles of cl2 * molar volume of cl2
As molar volume of cl2 = 22.40 L
So, Volume = 0.0719 * 22.40
Volume = 1.610 L
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Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, what mass of products form when baking soda decomposes?
NaHCO3 → Na₂CO3 + H₂O + CO₂
Give your answer to the correct number of significant figures.
(g) Sodium Chloride
Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, 168 g/mole mass of products form when baking soda decomposes.
What is the law of conservation of mass?The law of conservation of mass states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, the total mass of reactant is equal to the mass of product.
From the balanced chemical equation as follows:
NaHCO3 → Na₂CO3 + H₂O + CO₂
we have,
Mass of baking soda = 2 x molar mass
Molar mass of NaHCO₃ = 84.007 g/mole
Mass of baking soda = 2 x 84.007 g/mole
Mass of baking soda = 168.014 g/mole
= 168 g/mole
Thus, Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, 168 g/mole mass of products form when baking soda decomposes.
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A ddNTP, used often in DNA sequencing, lacks a(n) ________ at the ________ and ________ carbons. H; 2'; 3' methyl; 2'; 3' OH; 2'; 5' carboxyl; 5'; 3' None of the listed answers is correct
A DdNTP, used often in DNA sequencing, lacks a(n) OH at the 2' and 3' carbons. Dideoxynucleosides (DdNTP) are chain-elongating inhibitors of DNA polymerase, that are used in Sanger method for DNA sequencing.
What is DdNTP?DdNTP are also known as 2',3' because both 2' and 3' positions on the ribose lack hydroxyl groups.
DdNTP is used in Sanger sequencing, which is also known as chain-termination sequencing. In Sanger sequencing method, DdNTP is used as a substance to stop synthesis of DNA because of its lack of free hydroxyl group needed for the replication of DNA. DdNTPs are mostly dyed to help in the DNA sequence analysis.
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The chemical formula of ethanol is C₂H5OH. How many atoms are in 1.73 mol of ethanol?
Ethanol has the chemical formula C2H5OH. There will be twice as many carbon atoms as molecules, or two at a time 7.65 times Ten to something like a total of around 23.
What is the purpose of ethanol?When diluted, alcoholic beverages contain ethanol. It is used as a topical therapy to combat staph infections as well as in cosmetics, fragrances, and medicinal compounds. Bioethanol, ethanol, and denatured alcohol are examples of monohydric solvents, each of which has just one hydroxyl group.
Exactly how is ethanol made?Corn is the most widely used ingredient in ethanol produced domestically. It can also be produced utilizing cellulosic feedstocks such crop waste and wood, however this is less common. The majority of ethyl acetate plants in the US have been situated in the Midwest due to their proximity.
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what is the mass of 3.40 x 10^35 formula units of KCl??
The mass of 3.40 x 10^35 formula units of KCL is 4.20 * 10^13.
What is meant by the formula unit?The empirical formula of an ionic or covalent network solid compound that is used as a separate entity for stoichiometric calculations is known as a formula unit in chemistry. It is also the ionic compound with the lowest whole number ratio of ions.
As we know,1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 molecules.
1 = (1 mole)/(6.02x1023 molecules)
So, (3.40x10^35 molecules KCL)*(1 mole KCL)/(6.02x1023 molecules KCL)
5.647 *10^11 moles Na2SO4
Molar mass of KCL = 74.55 g/mol
Mass of KCL will be = 5.647 *10^11 * 74.55
Hence, mass of KCL = 4.20 * 10^13
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Complete the table of electron-group arrangements, molecular shapes and bond angles
Dichloromethane is the chemical name for this substance. Nitrous oxide is the name given to this chemical. Sulfur trioxide is the chemical formula for this substance.
What is electron-group arrangements?The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule is known as electron group geometry. A molecule's geometry is a significant feature that influences the physical and chemical characteristics of a substance. Thus, the "Electron Group" geometry of each center atom in a structure may be established simply by counting the number of "groups" of electrons surrounding the atom and then imagining how those groups would organize themselves to be as far apart as feasible. Any sort of bond—single, double, or triple—and lone electron pairs are the two types of electron groups. The initial step in applying VSEPR to simple molecules is to count the number of electron groups surrounding the core atom. Keep in mind that a multiple bond only counts as one electron group.
Here,
a). SO₃
This compound is known as sulfur trioxide.
The molecular shape of sulfur trioxide is trigonal planer.
And the bond angle is 120°.
b). N₂O
This compound is known as Nitrous oxide. Here, nitrogen is in the center. There is no lone pair around the nitrogen atom and it forms two sigma bonds with the other two atoms.
It is linear in shape.
The bond angle between them is 180°.
c). CH₂Cl₂
This compound is known as the Dichloromethane
The molecular shape of the compound is tetrahedral.
The bond angles is 120°
This compound is known as the Dichloromethane. This compound is known as Nitrous oxide. This compound is known as sulfur trioxide.
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When 2-methyl-2-butanol undergoes dehydration, one product is
A. 2-methyl-2-butene
B. 2-methylbutanone
C. 2-pentanone
D. 2-methylbutanal
E. hexene
When 2-methyl-2-butanol undergoes dehydration, then one product is : A.) 2-methyl-2-butene.
What happens when 2-methyl-2-butanol undergoes dehydration?Dehydration of 2-methyl-2-butanol forms major (2-methyl-2-butene) and minor (2-methyl-1-butene) organic product. Acid-catalyzed dehydration of either 2 -methyl-1-butanol or 3 -methyl-1-butanol gives 2-methyl-2-butene as major product. 2-methyl -2-butanol is a branched pentanol and it has been used an anesthetic and more recently used as recreational drug. It is mostly a positive allosteric modulator for GABAA receptors.
In Dehydration reactions of alcohols to alkenes, 2-methyl-2-butanol may give rise to two possible alkenes that are 2-methyl-1-butene or 2-methyl-2-butene. Dehydration of 2-methyl-2-butanol follow Zaitsev's rule, which states that more substituted alkene will be formed. In this experiment 2-methyl-2-butanol is dehydrated to form both 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene.
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Which of these is a speed?
A
50 miles
B 50 hours
c 50 miles per hour
D 50 hours per mile
Answer:
c 50 miles per hour
Explanation:
i hope that this is correct
did radicals take control in russian revolution
One of the main political groups at the Petrograd soviet was the Bolsheviks. They were led by Vladimir Lenin, and they believed that the future Russian government should be a Socialist (communist) one.
What do you mean by radical?In chemistry, a molecule with at least on electron is referred to as a radical, sometimes known as a free radical. The majority of molecules have an even variety of electrons, and indeed the c - c single bonds that hold the atoms in a molecule together often comprise of a pair of electrons that the atoms in the bond share.
An extremist is where?A radical is an arithmetic expression that is indicated by the major sign, such as an original number, as you may remember. A radical function is an equation with the independent variable (typically x) acting as the radicand. Radical calculations with either a square root as both the radical are frequently described using square root functions.
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6. Which layer of the Earth is the one we walk on every day?
Answer:
the crust
Explanation:
Earth's crust is what we walk on every day. It is the thin (relatively) outermost layer that wraps around the Earth and ranges in temperature from 500 to 1,000°C. The crust is split into two types, continental and oceanic. Earth's crust is 5 to 70 km thick.
Fill in the missing coefficient to indicate the number of water molecules produced
by the reaction:
12 H₂ + 60₂
_H₂O
-
Answer:
si la aplicación nos ayuda mucho para estudiar
Which of the following species contain an inversion center? Choose all that apply. a. SeF_6 b. [ClF_4]^- c. InF_3 d. CH_4
Option b and d CH₄ and (ClF₄)⁻ species contain an inversion center.
What is a center for inversion?If a molecule has an inversion center, it means that every atom will coincide exactly with the same atom on the opposite side and at an equal distance from the center when translated on a line through the molecule. An inversion centre is located in the building below.
A point that may or may not overlap with an atom serves as the indicator for inversion centres. In every system, there can only be one inversion centre, which is always found at the centre of the molecule. In the examples that follow, atoms are not positioned between the centres of inversion.
SeF₆ structure octahedral
(ClF₄)⁻ structure is square planar
InF₃ - triangular
CH₄ structure -tetrahedral
Inversion center occurs in linear, square planar and tetrahedral
So answer is CH₄ and (ClF₄)⁻
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Write down a balanced equation for SnO2 + H2 → Sn + H2O and tell which substance is the oxidising agent and which is the reducing agent.
Answer:
Sn is the oxidation agent and h2 is the reducing agent
Explanation:
Because oxidation agent means reduction which means the lose of oxygen and Sn lose oxygen.
While reduction agent means oxidation which also means the gain of oxygen and h2 gain oxygen.
I hope you understand my explanation if you need any help in chemistry I'm always here