The majority of Europeans at the time had never heard of coal, which Marco Polo described as "black stones...which burn like logs."
Initially, charcoal was utilized in the production process, which caused extensive deforestation in northern China. However, coal had fully replaced charcoal by the end of the 11th century.
They do indeed have an abundance of firewood. However, due to the massive population and the large number of bathhouses and baths that are continually being heated, it would be impossible to supply enough firewood, as everyone takes a bath at least three times each week, and in the winter, if they can, every day. Since every man of rank and means has a bathroom of his own at home, the abundance and low cost of these stones result in significant wood savings.
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A chemist is studying the composition of a sample of ocean water. He gently heats the sample to evaporate the water, leaving him with the solid substances that had been dissolved in the sample. Next, he performs a series of procedures to separate the solid substances from each other. Finally, he measures how much of each solid he has obtained. What substance would he probably have the most of
The substance that he will have the most will be sodium chloride.
More than 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered by seawater, the liquid that makes up the oceans and seas. 96.5 percent of seawater is made up of pure water, 2.5 percent salt, and minor amounts of dissolved inorganic and organic compounds, particles, and a few atmospheric gases.
When a chemist analyzes the composition of a sample and heats it to cause the water to evaporate, he is left with the solid substances that had been dissolved in the sample. Sodium chloride is the most significant salt that is created by ocean water. He next goes through a series of steps to separate the solid materials from one another. The highest substance found in ocean water, according to his measurements, is salt, specifically sodium chloride.
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The_____gene shows up even when inherited only from one parent.
Answer:
The Alleles gene shows up even when inherited only from one parent
Explanation:
The two alleles in a gene pair are inherited, one from each parent. Alleles interact with each other in different ways. These are called inheritance patterns.
i hope this helped
Determine whether each of the following compounds is a molecular compound or an ionic compound. How can you tell?
a. ) PBr₃
b. ) KBr
c. ) Iron (III) Oxide
d. ) Carbon Tetraiodide
PBr₃ and Carbon Tetraiodide is a covalent compound. Whereas, KBr and Iron (III) Oxide is an ionic compound.
Covalent compounds and molecular compounds are those compound where two non-metals, or a non-metal are bonded to each other through the sharing pair of electrons.
PBr₃ are covalent because phosphorous is in the column 3 in periodic system and it has three valence electrons in its outer shell. Therefore, in case of Carbon Tetraiodide carbon and iodide both are non-metals that why they are covalent compounds.
KBr and Iron (III) Oxide both are Iron (III) Oxide because they are formed by the interaction between a metal and non-metal. They will transfer the electrons from positively to negatively charged atoms.
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Would greatly appreciate the help
9.0 mol Na2S reacts with 8.0 mol
CuSO4 according to the equation below:
Na2S + CuSO4
→
Na2SO4 + CuS
Considering only the 8.0 mol CuSO4,
how many moles of CuS form?
? mol CuS
Round your answer to the tenths place.
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, 8.0 mol of CuS form when 8.0 mol CuSO[tex]_4[/tex] reacts.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number. The stoichiometry represents the number of moles.
Na[tex]_2[/tex]S + CuSO[tex]_4[/tex]→ Na[tex]_2[/tex]SO[tex]4[/tex] + CuS
moles of Na[tex]_2[/tex]S =9.0 mol
moles of CuSO[tex]_4[/tex]=8.0 mol
Since CuSO[tex]_4[/tex] is limiting reagent
moles of CuS=8.0 mol
Therefore, 8.0 mol of CuS form when 8.0 mol CuSO[tex]_4[/tex] reacts.
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Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of NCl3.
O eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal
O eg=linear, mg=trigonal planar
O eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral
O eg=linear, mg=linear
O eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent
The correct answer is : Nitrogen's molecule bends into a trigonal pyramidal shape due to the presence of one lone pair of electrons
O eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal
The electron geometry (eg) of NCl3 is determined by the positions of the electrons around the central atom, nitrogen (N). NCl3 has one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen and three bonding pairs of electrons with chlorine atoms, so the electron geometry is tetrahedral. NCl3's molecular geometry (mg) is determined by the atom positions in the molecule. In a trigonal pyramidal shape, NCl3 has one nitrogen atom in the centre and three chlorine atoms surrounding it. Nitrogen's molecule bends into a trigonal pyramidal shape due to the presence of one lone pair of electrons. Electron geometry, also known as electron pair geometry, is the arrangement of electron pairs in a molecule or ion around a central atom. It is determined by the number of electron pairs surrounding the central atom, which includes both bonding pairs and lone electron pairs. The electron geometry can be used to predict the overall shape of a molecule or ion and also helps to understand the polarity of the molecule.
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What process makes 2 ATP?
Anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATP molecules.
What is anaerobic respiration?Anaerobic respiration is the use of electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen in respiration. Despite the fact that oxygen is not the ultimate electron acceptor, the process employs a respiratory electron transport chain. When there is insufficient oxygen for some species to respire, they still require energy to survive. Due to a lack of oxygen, they respire in the absence of oxygen to create the energy they require, which is known as anaerobic respiration. While most aerobic respiration (with oxygen) occurs in the cell's mitochondria, anaerobic respiration (without oxygen) occurs in the cytoplasm.
Here,
Two ATP molecules are created during anaerobic respiration.
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a student walks 40 meters east, 20 meters north, 60 meters west and 20 meters south. whats the displacment?
The Correct answer is 50 Meters,Displacement is defined to be the change in position of an object.
What is Displacement?Displacement is the term used to describe the shift in an object's location or the shortest path/length between two places. With such a magnitude and orientation, it is a vector quantity.
Whenever an item travels from location A to location B, its position changes.Displacement=Δx=x f −x 0
x f refers to the value of the final position.x_0x 0 refers to the value of the initial position.Δx is the symbol used to represent displacement.Displacement is a vector. This indicates that it has both a direction and a magnitude, and that it may be visualised as an arrow pointing from the starting location to the ending place.Calculate the Displacement of the ProblemThe student's path fortunately consisted of straight lines and right angles. Therefore we can use the pythagorean theorem to find the distance between where the student's path started and stopped.
A2+B2= C2.
We Give
meters east in for A, 40.
meters north for B 60 .
Distance =40+60+20=110m
Displacement OC= Root of (40 ²+30 ²)
= 50 m
That's the length of the distance between where the student started and where the student ended up.
A2 plus B2 equals C2. We plug 30. meters east in for A, and 40. meters north for B. 30. meters squared plus 40. meters squared equals 2500 meters2. Then we take the square root of that number and get 50. meters.
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how many grams of KNO3 that should be placed in the airbag to fully react with the Na.
10 Na + 2KNO3 > 1K20 + 5Na2O + 1 N2 (g)
A seismograph measures the size of a volcano eruption.
O True
O False
(This is for Science btw)
Answer:
This is true. A seismograph measures the size of a volcano eruption by detecting the vibrations that are produced by the volcanic activity. The vibrations can then be converted into a numerical value that represents the magnitude of the eruption.
Explanation:
An inland area has little water or plant life.
What would the climate of this place likely be?
The inland area has a Continental climate.
Inland climates are typically more severe. Summers might be quite hot, and winters could be very frigid. Rainfall can be scarce.
In inland area the water bodies take long time to heat up and cool down, so they absorb all the heat during the spring and summer when the sun is at its greatest before slowly losing it throughout the fall and winter when the temperature starts to drop.
On the other hand, it warms up and cools down far more quickly on land, that's why the inland are more cooler.
Inland absorbs and releases heat energy more quickly than water, inland places typically experience higher temperature variations from day to night and from season to season, so that inland is hotter area also.
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Carefully feel the sides of the flask. Is the crystallization of sodium acetate endothermic or exothermic? How do you know?
Answer:
It is not possible to determine whether the crystallization of sodium acetate is endothermic or exothermic simply by feeling the sides of the flask. To determine the heat of crystallization, you would need to measure the temperature of the solution before and after crystallization and compare the two values.
The heat of crystallization is defined as the heat absorbed or released during the process of crystal formation from a solution or a melt. If heat is absorbed during the process, the reaction is endothermic and the temperature of the solution or melt will decrease. If heat is released, the reaction is exothermic and the temperature will increase.
In the case of sodium acetate, it is an exothermic reaction, meaning that heat is released during crystallization and the temperature of the solution will increase. This is because the process of forming the crystal lattice requires the breaking of hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular forces, which releases energy.
Explanation:
Answer:
exothermic
Explanation:
When you crystallize the solution, sodium acetate forms a new bond from the soluble aqueous state ( Na+ and C2H3O2- ) to the solid state (NaC2H3O2). Forming bonds in chemistry is generally an exothermic reaction.
Select the proper IUPAC name for the following compound, including the (R) or (S) designation where appropriate. (2R, 3S)-2.3-difluorohexane (2S, 3R)-2, 3-difluorohexane (2R, 3R)-2, 3-difluorohexane (2S, 3S)-2, 3-difluorohexane
The proper IUPAC name for the compound is (2R,3S)-2,3-difluorohexane.
It is determined by following the IUPAC nomenclature rules for organic compounds. The key points for this are:
Parent Chain: The parent chain is a hexane, which is a six-carbon chain.Position of Substituents: A first substituent is a fluoro group that is on the second carbon of the parent chain, and a second substituent is a fluoro group that is on the third carbon of the parent chain. We use the prefix di- to indicate that there are two substituents.Absolute Configuration: The compound is a chiral compound, meaning that it has non-superimposable mirror images. To indicate the absolute configuration, we assign the priority of the substituents based on the atomic number of the atom directly bonded to the carbon atom of the substituent. The prefix (2R,3S) indicates that the substituent on the second carbon is in the R configuration and the substituent on the third carbon is in the S configuration.Final IUPAC Name: The proper IUPAC name of the compound is (2R,3S)-2,3-difluorohexane.Learn more about IUPAC nomenclature here:
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Why were the authors interested in determining the strength of the hydrogen bond in solution as opposed to in a vacuum
This is because intermolecular forces have a greater effect in a solution when bonding is present than in a vacuum when bonding is not present.
The attracting and repellent forces that develop between the molecules of a substance are known as intermolecular forces or IMF for short. Individual molecules of a substance interact with one another through the mediation of these forces.
Most of the physical and chemical features of matter are caused by intermolecular forces.
An intermolecular force is an attractive force that develops between the protons or positive parts of one molecule and the electrons or negative parts of another molecule. This force affects a substance's many physical and chemical properties. The strength of a material's intermolecular forces directly relates to the boiling point of that substance; the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.
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How many cm is meter stick?
100 cm is meter stick.
Centimeter is denoted by the (cm). It is a metric unit of the measurement which is used for measuring the length of an object.
Meterstick is a foldable ruler which is used to measure the length, and it is common in the construction industry. They are made up of wood or plastic and often they have a plastic or metal joints so that they can be folded together.
A meter measuring stick, which is one meter (39.37 inches) long, it contains 100 centimeters. Thus, centimeter is equal to one-hundredth of a meter. The word centimeter comes from the late 18th-century. The word centimeter derived from the Latin root "centum"/ means "hundred" and the Greek root "metron", meaning "measure".
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Which of the following geometries for the complex ion [Co(en)(H2O)4]2+ are possible?
Check all that apply
O trigonal bipyramidal or square pyramidal
O octahedral
O linear
O tetrahedral or square planar
O trigonal planar
Geometry for the complex ion [Co(en)(H2O)4]2+ that are possible is : Octahedral.
What is octahedral molecular geometry?A compound with six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands grouped symmetrically around a central atom and defining the vertices of the octahedron represents the shape of an octahedron in chemistry and is known as an octahedral molecular geometry (also known as a square bipyramid).
The prefix is octa because the octahedron has eight faces. Octahedral bond angle values between 90° and 180° are what determine the octahedral shape. The angles between each of the four atoms that make up the square bases of the two pyramids of the octahedral structure and one of the apex atoms are both 90 degrees.
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Is this water or oil
Answer:
it is oil.
Explanation:
it is oil because if water was written that would be wried so I think it is oil.
For the reaction H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g), Kc = 1.22 1033 at a temperature of 301 K. What is Kp at this temperature? A) 1.22 1033 B) 3.01 1034 C) 4.93 1031 D) 7.43 1035 E) 2.00 1030
The reaction would have a Kp of 3.01 * 10^34. Option B
What is the Kp of the reaction?We know that the equilibrium constant of the reaction is the value that would be able to show us how much of the reactants that have been converted to products when the reaction has attained the point of equilibrium at a given temperature.
As such we would have that;
Kp= Kc (RT)^Δn
Kp = ?
Kc = 1.22 * 10^ 33
R = 0.082
T = 301 K
Then we have that;
Kp = 1.22 * 10^ 33(0.082 * 301)^ 1
Kp = 3.01 * 10^34
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Calcium phosphate, Ca 3(PO 4) 2, is used to treat calcium deficiencies. What is the molar mass of this compound
Ca3(PO4)2 has a molar mass of 310.18 g/mol.
Molar mass: What is it?The sum of the molar masses of a compound's component parts determines its molar mass. The molar masses of calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen must be added up in order to determine the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2.
The molar mass of calcium is 40.08 g/mol.
The molar mass of phosphorus is 30.97 g/mol.
The molar mass of oxygen is 16.00 g/mol.
There are 3 moles of calcium, 2 moles of phosphorus, and 8 moles of oxygen in the compound Ca3(PO4)2.
As a result, the formula for calculating the compound's molar mass is: 340.08 + 230.97 + 8*16 = 120.24 + 61.94 + 128 = 310.18 g/mol
Consequently, Ca3(PO4)2 has a molar mass of 310.18 g/mol.
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Potassium Permanganate is used for purifying drinking water, because
A. it is a sterilising agent
B. it dissolves the impurities of water
C. it is a reducing agent
D. it is an oxidising agent
Answer:
D. it is an oxidizing agent
Explanation:
How many electrons are neutral in c14?
Neutral carbon-14 contains six electrons, six protons, eight neutrons.
- The smallest particle that may exist, an atom, is what creates the entire cosmos. It has a core nucleus that houses the neutral species known as neutrons and positively charged species known as protons.
The orbit of the nucleus is being circled by negatively charged species of electrons. The atomic number of an atom is determined by its protons, and the number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons.
The carbon-14 in this instance is an isotope of carbon-12 with a mass number of 14. Atomic number six carbon has a total of six protons and six electrons.
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2H₂(g) + O2(g) → 2H₂O(g)
How many liters of H₂ are required to form 5 moles of H₂O at STP?
Answer:
The answer is 21.5 L
Explanation:
The normal boiling point of Br2(l) is 58.8 ?C, and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is ?Hvap = 29.6kJ/mol.
When Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, does its entropy increase or decrease?
increase
decrease
When Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, its entropy increases as it is positive.
What is meant by entropy?The level of randomness found inside a substance's molecules is known as entropy.
The temperature at which atmospheric pressure and a liquid's vapor pressure are equal is known as the boiling point.
The amount of heat energy required to convert one mole of a substance from its liquid state into its gaseous state at constant temperature and pressure is referred to as the molar enthalpy of vaporization.
Entropy increases when a liquid is heated because the randomness between the molecules increases. As a result, entropy will rise.
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What is the relationship between CO2 and O2 for sea urchins?
The relation between CO₂ and O₂ for sea urchins is impacted by the rise in carbon dioxide and oxygen is absorbed from the water.
The exoskeleton of sea urchins, which are found in the ocean, is comprised of calcium carbonate. They create calcium carbonate by absorbing the carbon dioxide from the water. As waste, they discharge carbon dioxide out of the anus.
The sea urchin takes its oxygen from the water. In the canals, oxygen diffuses. Oxygen diffuses into the cells from canals. The ocean's pH may rise as a result of the increased carbon dioxide. A higher pH has a deleterious impact on the calcification process. Therefore, the increased carbon dioxide has an impact on how the larvae and adults of sea urchins calcify.
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How many moles are there in 10g?
Answer:
0.25 moles
Explanation:
Identify the Lewis acid in the following reaction: Pt2+(aq) + 4NH3 (aq) ? Pt(NH3)4,2+(aq)
a) Pt2+
b) NH3
c) Pt(NH3)4,2+
The Lewis acid in the following reaction: Pt2+(aq) + 4NH3 (aq) ?Pt(NH3)4,2+(aq) is : a) Pt2+.
What do you understand by a Lewis acid?Platinum ion (Pt2+) ( P t 2 + ) is a Lewis acid in the given reaction because it accepts pair of electron from ammonia.
A Lewis acid is any substance, such as H+ ion, that can accept a pair of nonbonding electrons. In other words, Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor. Lewis acid is chemical species that has an empty orbital which is capable of accepting electron pair from Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct.
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If the mass of the products (AlCl3 and Cu) are 146g total and the mass of CuCl2 on the reactant side is 126 grams, what is the mass of Al
Your limiting reagent will be copper (II) chloride. The mole ratio is the most crucial tool you'll have to tackle this problem, or any other stoichiometry problem, for that matter.
Keep in mind that in order to make 3 moles of copper from 3 moles of copper (II) chloride, you need 2 moles of aluminum. Unbalanced reaction: Al(s)+HCl(aq) AlCl3(aq)+H2(g). Cl. Balance On the product side there are three Cl atoms and on the reactant side there is one. There is only one hydrogen atom on the reactant side and two on the product side of the reaction Mg + HCl MgCl 2 + H 2. The equation is therefore unbalanced.
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Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0. 124 nm, and an atomic weight of 55. 85 g/mol. Compute its theoretical density
Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0. 124 nm, and an atomic weight of 55. 85 g/mol. its theoretical density is 7.9 g /cm³.
The molar mass of the iron = 55.85 g/mol
The atomic radius = 0.124 nm
the edge length is given as :
a = (4r) / √3
a = ( 4 × 0.124 × 10⁻⁷ cm ) / √3
a = 2.86 × 10⁻⁸ cm
The density is given below :
density = ( Z × M ) / Na × a³
density = ( 2 × 55.85 ) / (6.023 ×10²³) × ( 2.86 × 10⁻⁸ )
density = 7.9 g/cm³
Thus the theoretical density is 7.9 g/cm³.
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what is a balanced nuclear equation for power generation?
A balanced nuclear equation for power generation by nuclear fission is given below:
²³⁵₉₂U + ¹₀n ---> ⁹²₃₆Kr + ¹⁴¹₅₆Ba + EnergyWhat is nuclear fission?The process of nuclear fission involves the splitting of an atom's nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei. Even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay, the fission process releases a very high quantity of energy and frequently results in gamma photons.
Nuclear fission is applied in nuclear power generation in a nuclear reactor.
The fissionable nuclear material is separated in the nuclear reactor so that a critical mass cannot exist, and the neutron flux and absorption are controlled to stop the fission reactions. The energy released during fission processes in a nuclear reactor used to generate electricity is trapped as thermal energy and used to heat water and create steam. The steam is utilized to turn a turbine, which powers an electricity-generating generator.
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Why is it important to recycle electronic waste?
It saves energy, minimizes air and water pollution, cuts greenhouse gas emissions, and protects natural resources. Stanford recycled, composted, and otherwise decreased its trash by 62% and reduced landfill by 35%.
What is recycle?It saves energy, minimizes air and water pollution, cuts greenhouse gas emissions, and protects natural resources. Stanford recycled, composted, and otherwise decreased its trash by 62% and reduced landfill by 35%. The process of transforming waste resources into new materials and things is known as recycling. This notion frequently includes the recovery of energy from waste materials. The capacity of a material to regain the attributes it had in its original form determines its recyclability. Recycling is the collection and processing of items that would otherwise be discarded as waste in order to create new goods. Recycling may help your town, economy, and environment.
Here,
It saves energy, decreases air and water pollution, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and protects natural resources. Stanford recycled, composted, and avoided landfill by 62% and 35%, respectively.
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write the reaction equation for the reversible chemical reaction that occurs when the indicator bromcresol
Reactions that are reversible have the ability to move both forward and backward. Reactants change into products in a reversible reaction, but products can also change back into reactants.
In actuality, the opposing reaction as well as the forward reaction will occur simultaneously. In some chemical reactions, the reaction's products might combine to form the reactants' original form. Reversible reactions are what they are referred to as. To illustrate them, use the formula: A + B C + D. Only in one direction can irreversible chemical reactions take place. Reactants can transform into products, while products cannot transform back into reactants. Chemical reactions that can be reversed can happen both ways. The products can change back into the reactants, and the reactants can change back into the products.
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