Option Individuals evolve, not populations is not a primary understanding of the theory of evolution (option a).
What is the theory of evolution using natural selection?The theory of evolution using natural selection refers to the passage of adaptive features across generations due to the differential survival and reproduction of the most adaptive organisms, which occur at the population level.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the theory of evolution by means of natural selection is based o the evolution of populations instead of single organisms.
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9. A tensiometer was installed at a depth of 32cm depth and had a matric potential reading of -36kPa. The bulk density of the soil was found to be 1311 kg m-3 and the retentivity curve for this soil is shown below :
9.1 Using the tensiometer reading, calculate the existing volumetric water content of the soil (assume a water density of 1000 kg m-3)? [2]
9.2 What is the equivalent depth of water in the 32 cm depth of soil? [2]
9.3 What is the readily available water (RAW) content for this soil (on a volumetric basis)?[1]
9.4 What volume of water needs to be applied to 0.7 ha of this soil in order to raise the water content of the upper 32 cm to field capacity (-10 kPa)?[2]
9.5 What will the tensiometer reading be when the farmer has 0.315 m3 m-3 water content.[3]
9.1 The existing volumetric water content of the soil is 0.219 or 21.9%.
9.2 The equivalent depth of water in the 32 cm depth of soil is 7 cm.
9.3 The RAW content for this soil on a volumetric basis is 40%.
9.4 8960 m3 of water needs to be applied to 0.7 ha of this soil in order to raise the water content of the upper 32 cm to field capacity.
9.5 The tensiometer reading when the farmer has 0.315 m3 m-3 water content, we can use the inverse of the formula used in 9.1
What is volumetric water?
9.1 To calculate the existing volumetric water content of the soil, we can use the following formula:
θ = [tex](ψm/ψs)^{1/n}[/tex]
where:
θ = volumetric water content
ψm = matric potential reading (-36 kPa)
ψs = soil suction at saturation (obtained from the retentivity curve)
n = slope of the retentivity curve
From the retentivity curve, we can estimate ψs at saturation to be around -10 kPa. The slope of the curve is approximately 0.6. Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
θ = [tex]((-36) / (-10))^{1/0.6}[/tex] = 0.219
Therefore, the existing volumetric water content of the soil is 0.219 or 21.9%.
What is depth?
9.2 The equivalent depth of water can be calculated by multiplying the volumetric water content by the depth of soil:
Equivalent depth of water = θ x depth of soil
= 0.219 x 0.32 m
= 0.070 m or 7 cm
Therefore, the equivalent depth of water in the 32 cm depth of soil is 7 cm.
What is RAW ?
9.3 The readily available water (RAW) content for this soil is defined as the difference between the water content at field capacity and the permanent wilting point (PWP), expressed as a percentage of the soil volume. From the retentivity curve, we can estimate the PWP to be around -1500 kPa. At field capacity (-10 kPa), the volumetric water content is around 0.4. Therefore, the RAW content can be calculated as:
RAW = (0.4 - 0) / (1.0 - 0) x 100%
= 40%
Therefore, the RAW content for this soil on a volumetric basis is 40%.
What is the volume?
9.4 To calculate the volume of water that needs to be applied to 0.7 ha of this soil in order to raise the water content of the upper 32 cm to field capacity, we need to first calculate the amount of water required per unit area:
Water required per unit area = x depth of soil
where θ_field capacity is the volumetric water content at field capacity (-10 kPa), which is around 0.4. Substituting the values, we get:
Water required per unit area = 0.4 x 0.32 m = 0.128 m3/m2
Therefore, the total volume of water required for 0.7 ha of this soil is:
Total volume of water = Water required per unit area x Area
= 0.128 m3/m2 x 70000 m2
= 8960 m3
Therefore, 8960 m3 of water needs to be applied to 0.7 ha of this soil in order to raise the water content of the upper 32 cm to field capacity.
9.5 To find the tensiometer reading when the farmer has 0.315 m3 m-3 water content, we can use the inverse of the formula used in 9.1:
ψm = ψs x [tex](θ / θs)^{n}[/tex]
where:
ψm = matric potential reading (unknown)
ψs = soil suction at saturation (obtained from the retentivity curve, approximately -10 kPa)
θ = volumetric water content (0.315)
θs = volumetric water content at saturation (obtained from the retentivity curve, approximately 0.5)
n = slope of the retentivity curve
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A combination of antibiotics and bioengineered antibodies to bacterial antigens is now being used in hospitals to treat bacterial infections. How and why does this method make bacteria become noticeable to phagocytes?
Antibodies and antibiotics can work together to combat the infection. Antibiotic alterations to the bacterial envelope prompt complement protein or targeted antibody opsonization of the pathogen or bacteria and pathogens are identified by circulating phagocytes.
What are antibiotics?Medications that either kill the bacteria or make it impossible for the germs to grow and reproduce in order to treat bacterial illnesses or infection in both people and animals.
What are phagocytes?A kind of cell in the body that can take up and absorb germs as well as other tiny cells and particles.
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Use the drop-down menus to answer each question.
During which part of the water cycle does water from Earth's surface move into the atmosphere?
What happens as water cools? |
How does water return to Earth from the atmosphere? [
Intro
Done
How do you think resistant pests will impact the future of our crop production?
Answer:
See The Explanation
Explanation:
Resistant pests are becoming an increasingly pressing issue in crop production, and they are likely to have a significant impact on the future of agriculture. Here are a few ways that resistant pests could affect crop production in the coming years:
Increased Costs: As pests become more resistant to traditional pesticides, farmers may need to use more expensive and specialized chemicals to control them. This could drive up the costs of crop production, making it more difficult for farmers to stay competitive and profitable.
Reduced Yields: Resistant pests can also cause significant damage to crops, reducing yields and quality. This can result in lower revenues for farmers and higher prices for consumers.
Environmental Impacts: The use of specialized chemicals to control resistant pests could also have negative environmental impacts, such as increased pollution and harm to non-target species. This could lead to increased regulation and public pressure on farmers to adopt more sustainable practices.
Shifts in Crop Selection: In some cases, farmers may need to shift their crop selection to varieties that are more resistant to pests. This could result in changes to the types of crops that are grown in certain regions, potentially impacting local economies and food systems.
Advancements in Pest Management: However, the challenge of resistant pests is also driving advancements in pest management techniques, such as biological control and integrated pest management. These approaches can help farmers reduce their reliance on chemical pesticides and reduce the risk of resistance.
In summary, resistant pests are likely to have a significant impact on crop production in the coming years, but the full extent of that impact remains to be seen. By adopting new pest management techniques, investing in research and development, and promoting sustainable agriculture practices, farmers can help mitigate the risks of resistant pests and continue to provide high-quality crops to consumers.
The presence of resistant pests can have a significant impact on future crop production which include Decreased crop yields, Increased reliance on alternative pest control methods, and the Development and use of new pesticides.
The impacts of resistant pests on crop production are multifaceted and can vary depending on the specific pest, crop, and geographic region.
Decreased crop yields: Resistant pests have the ability to withstand the effects of pesticides or other control measures that were previously effective. Increased reliance on alternative pest control methods: With the rise of resistant pests, farmers may need to explore and adopt alternative methods of pest control. Development and use of new pesticides: The emergence of resistant pests often necessitates the development and use of new pesticides or pest control methods. The continuous reliance on chemical pesticides alone can lead to a cycle of resistance development and pose risks to human health and the environment.Thus, future crop production may be significantly impacted by the presence of pests that are resistant, including decreased crop yields, a greater reliance on alternative pest control strategies, and the development and usage of new pesticides.
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Which mineral resource is used to make batteries? graphite gypsum talc clay
Answer:
graphite
Explanation:
graphite is a mineral resource used to make batteries
Graphite is the mineral that is frequently utilized to create batteries. So, the correct option is A.
What is Graphite?A crystalline form of carbon that is found in nature is called graphite. Due to its special qualities, this mineral, which is exceptionally smooth and slippery, is frequently employed in a variety of applications. Due of its propensity to create a trace on paper, graphite is one of the materials that is most frequently found in pencils.
In addition to being used in pencils, graphite is also employed in lubricants, nuclear reactor moderators, batteries, and other electrical devices as electrodes. It is a good heat- and electricity-conductor and is generally chemically stable. Graphite is frequently obtained either open pit mines or underground mines and is typically found in metamorphic rocks.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Which mineral resource is used to make batteries?
graphite gypsum talc clayBirds build their nests in trees. Which of the following symbiotic relationships is
most like the one between birds and trees?
A. insects gathering nectar while pollinating flowers
B. moss growing on the sides of tree trunks
C. mosquitoes sucking blood from mammals to warm their eggs
squirrels eating acorns from oak trees
D.
50 Points, at least 1-3 sentences.
how do the skulls of early ancestors compare to modern-day human skulls?
Answer:
Daniel Lieberman can see millions of years of human evolution at a glance. The collection of skulls on his office shelves come from chimpanzees, long-extinct humans, and modern men and women. The hollow eye sockets, ancient teeth, and empty skulls pose the same question every day: What made us different from our archaic ancestors?
Explanation:
i hope this helps.
Question 8 of 10
In which process does water move from plants to the air?
Answer:
Transpiration occurs when plants take up liquid water from the soil and release water vapor into the air from their leaves.
Lipase is a type of enzyme found in the digestive tract of earthworms and is produced by
specialized cells. Lipase is important because it breaks down fats during digestion.
Humans also have specialized cells that produce lipase in their digestive tract. What
would you expect to find in the gene sequences that are responsible for the production of
lipase in both earthworms and humans?
Lipase is a type of enzyme found in the digestive tract of earthworms and is produced by specialized cells to digest fat and oil. The LIPA gene provides the instructions for making an enzyme called lysosomal acid lipase.
Lipase resides in cellular compartments called lysosomes, where it digests and recycles substances the cell no longer needs. Lysosomal acid lipase breaks down fats such as triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. This enzyme is found primarily on the surface of cells that line small blood vessels in muscle and adipose tissue.
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enTRR and Home Work Arrange the forewing from biggest s the smallest- Memory card pen drive CD DVD Hard disk Ploppy disk zipdisc H biggest Sumallash Port Live Smallest Size F1 Zip Dv D sizes
They typically hold data in the range of 1 GB and 64 GB. Another option for transporting data is a CD/DVD, however it has a limited capacity compared to a pen drive. Compact Discs (CDs) are a type of storage medium with a 650 MB or 700 MB storage capacity.
Before the floppy disc, what was there?From the beginning of the computer industry inside the 1950s through the 1980s, magnetic tape drives were included with the mainframes or minicomputers used by businesses.
Four memory slots are what?RAM (computer memory) can be introduced into a computer through a memory slot, dram socket, and RAM slot. The type if RAM used with computers is determined by the motherboard's up to four memory slots.
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The correct question is
Arrange the following devices: compact disc, hard disk , digital versatile disc, pen drive, floppy disk in descending order of storage capacity.
Pls answer correctly
Which of the following defines the term data as it is used in this sentence from paragraph 5 of "Scientific
Investigation"?
Scientists go into scientific data collection with clear, expected results in mind, but the researcher must be
prepared for the actual results and remain open-minded to possibilities that evolve during the data analysis
phase of the process.
A: individual facts or statistics
B: any proposition assumed or given
C: any level surface, line, or point used as a reference
D: a basis for horizontal control surveys in engineering
The best definition of data would be: individual facts or statistics as it is used in the Scientific Investigation
What is data?
In this context, data refers to the information collected during the scientific investigation that may be analyzed and used to support or refute a hypothesis.
The sentence emphasizes the need for scientists to remain open-minded during the data analysis phase, as the actual results may not always match their initial expectations. Hence we call call it facts
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Part B click on the map titled "U.S. geothermal resource map." The map shows the approximate temperature of rock at a depth of 6 kilometers throughout the Unites States. Based on the data shown in this map, which parts of the country are best suited for the production of electricity ising geothermal energy?
Based on the U.S. geothermal resource map, the best parts of the country suited for the production of electricity using geothermal energy are the western states, including parts of California, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, and Idaho.
These regions have the highest temperatures at depths of 6 kilometers, indicating that there is a significant amount of geothermal energy that could be harnessed for electricity production.
In particular, the map shows that the region around the Nevada-California border has the highest temperatures, with rock temperatures exceeding 300 degrees Celsius at depths of 6 kilometers. This makes it one of the most promising areas for geothermal energy production in the United States.
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Answer: The western United States has hotter rock formations. So, this region is better suited for the production of electricity using geothermal energy.
Explanation: edmentum answer
The diagram below represents the variation that occurs over three generations within a particular population of organisms. Each circle represents an individual organism, and the color of the circle represents one trait, ranging from solid white to dark blue.
Suppose the third generation experiences intense selective pressures and only two of the six organisms live long enough to reproduce. Each of these organisms produces three offspring. The fourth generation is made up of two populations: one with the solid white trait and the other with the dark blue trait.
From this information, which two organisms of the third generation most likely reproduced?
Answer:
Pure White and Dark Blue
Explanation:
They are the only species in the fourth generation so it would make sense if they reproduced
Discuss 4 factors which lead to genetic variability in offspring produced as a result of sexual reproduction?
Answer:Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring
Explanation:
there
What is the BEST way to identify the external phenotype of an animal?
O A electron microscopy
O B. observation
OC. dissection
OD. DNA analysis
The most accurate method for determining an animal's outward phenotype is observation.
What is a phenotypic example?The term "phenotype" refers to the observable physical characteristics of an organism, such as its structure, course of development, and behaviour. The genotype, or collection of genes that make up an organism, as well as environmental factors that affect these genes, are what determine an organism's phenotype. Among the human phenotypes include height, blood type, eye color, freckles, and hair colour. Height, eye color, and blood type are examples of observable qualities, or phenotype, of a person. The genetic makeup of an individual is called their genotype. The two alleles that a person has inherited for a single gene are referred to by this phrase in more detail. A patient's clinical presentation is the observable manifestation of this genotype, or phenotype.To learn more about phenotype, refer to:
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What are antigens and antibodies doing when a blood coagulates or clumps?
The process of blood coagulation or clumping depends heavily on antigens and antibodies. When a pathogen or virus enters the body, the immune system recognises it as an antigen and attacks it.
What functions do antigens and antibodies perform in the blood?Proteins called antibodies are present in plasma. They are a component of your body's defence mechanisms. Your immune system is notified when they detect alien objects, such as pathogens, and it then eliminates them.
Why does blood coagulate in reaction to an antibody?In the event that a transfusion reaction takes place, an antibody binds to antigens on various red blood cells. Red blood cells begin to clump together as a result, obstructing blood arteries.
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Which is an example of a MIXTURE:
salt
or
soil
one way in which stigma is adapted for reproduction in plants
Answer:
In a flower, this landing zone and entrance is the stigma. It plays a pivotal role in reproduction. Most stigmas are adapted to trap pollen with hairs, flaps and other surfaces to increase their efficiency. Most stigmas are covered with a waxy, sticky substance.
What the percentage for normal trait and SSD
The percentages of the children that are normal, carriers, or have sickle cell disease are as follows:
25% of their children will have normal HBB genes50% of their children will be carriers of SCD but not have the disease25% of their children will have SCDHow many children will have sickle cell disease?Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. It is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which provides instructions for making the beta-globin protein that is a part of hemoglobin.
A person with SCD inherits two copies of the mutated HBB gene, one from each parent. A carrier of SCD inherits only one copy of the mutated gene and typically does not have symptoms of the disease.
If a person with SCD and a carrier of SCD have children, the following inheritance patterns are possible:
50% chance of a child inheriting one mutated gene from the person with SCD and one mutated gene from the carrier, resulting in SCD50% chance of a child inheriting one normal gene from the person with SCD and one mutated gene from the carrier, resulting in being a carrier of SCD but not having the diseaseTherefore, on average, half of their children will have SCD, and half will be carriers but not have the disease.Learn more about sickle cell disease at: https://brainly.com/question/21354134
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what structures does a caterpillar use to allow it to survive in its environment
Answer:The rest of the caterpillar's body lets it survive and get around:
Spiraclesare holes in the caterpillar's sides through which it breathes.
Antennaeprovide sensory input, particularly relating to taste and smell.
In many species, false eyeshelp distract predators while real eyes allow the caterpillar to see.
Hairs, spines and quills called setaecan deter predators and even carry toxins and irritants.
Explanation:
In what way is a decomposing log in a forest a microhabitat?
A
B
C
D
It supports a distinct population of organisms, but the forest houses the log its
It provides camouflage for particular organisms to protect them from predators
It decomposes into organic matter that enriches the soil.
It is a large community of organisms that occupy a major habitat.
A microhabitat is an area within a larger habitat that is smaller in size, has certain environmental characteristics, and supports a particular population of species.
What is a microhabitat, exactly?An organism lives in a considerably smaller environment known as a microhabitat. Microhabitats are typically used to describe the environments in which tiny animals, such as worms or beetles, reside.
What does a microhabitat for an organism consist of?A small area that differs in some manner from the habitat around it is called a microhabitat. It's possible for unique species to live there that are absent from the surrounding area. Unfortunately, a number of habitats are in jeopardy because of weather extremes, pollution, or deforestation.
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The law of conservation of mass is correctly demonstrated in which statement about the process of
cellular respiration?
O The mass of glucose is equal to the total mass of the water molecules.
O The mass of the glucose is conserved in the mass of the ATP in the products.
O The total mass of oxygen is conserved in the total mass of carbon dioxide produced.
O The total mass of glucose and oxygen is equal to the total mass of carbon dioxide and water.
How might you use the viking spacecraft photograph differently from the mars surveyor photograph to find out about the planet
Both the Viking spacecraft photograph and the Mars Surveyor photographs are valuable tools for studying the planet Mars, but they provide different types of information and may be used differently in scientific investigations.
The Viking spacecraft photograph was taken in the 1970s and provides a broad overview of the Martian surface. It can be used to study the planet's geology, topography, and atmospheric conditions on a large scale. Scientists can use the photograph to identify features such as craters, valleys, and mountain ranges, and to study the composition and distribution of minerals and rocks across the planet.
On the other hand, the Mars Surveyor photograph provides higher-resolution images of specific regions of interest on the Martian surface. It can be used to study smaller-scale features such as rocks, boulders, and geological formations in greater detail. Scientists can use these images to identify and study specific geological processes such as erosion, sedimentation, and volcanic activity.
In summary, the Viking spacecraft photograph is useful for getting a broad overview of the Martian surface, while the Mars Surveyor photograph is better suited for studying specific regions of interest in greater detail. Both photographs are important tools for scientists studying Mars and can be used in complementary ways to advance our understanding of the planet.
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Sometimes a change to a habitat may have unexpected effects. For example, how might cutting down trees while constructing a new highway affect the populations of ospreys and fish at a nearby river?
The cutting down of trees while constructing a new highway can affect the populations of ospreys and fish at a nearby river reduces habitat fragmentation and can reduce the popullation.
What is habitat fragmentation and what causes it?Fragmentation do take place as a rsult ofhow the parts of a habitat are destroyed, which do bring about the remnats of the smaller unconnected areas it can be seen to happen naturally, as a result of fire as well as due to human activity.
Besides the direct habitat loss as a result of the road itself, the animal species, can be destroyed and the water-flow patterns, as well as pollution, can take place creating disturbance that alters the species composition .
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i am looking for the answer key to the category 1: cell structure and function biology staar review
Studying the necessary content, going through lecture notes and textbooks, and working through practise questions and quizzes are the best ways to get ready for an exam.
How do cells work and how do they look?Cells are the essential building components of all living things.There are many billions of cells in a human body. In addition to providing the body with structure, they also absorb nutrients from meals, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out certain jobs.
Who first identified cells?The cell has a long and interesting history, beginning with Robert Hooke's discovery in 1665 and leading to many of today's scientific discoveries.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIST, Investigation #2 (9 points): Cells come from existing cells.
Observe the two flasks, and record information about their appearance.
HINT: What do you see with your eyes? If nothing has changed write “no change”
Day
Flask with open (broken) neck
Flask with intact neck
1
2
3
4
5
Day
Flask with open (broken) neck
Flask with intact neck
1
24
5
Will give brainy!
Analyze the given diagram of the carbon cycle below. (10 points)
Part 1: Which process does arrow F represent?
Part 2: Explain how matter is conserved during the process.
Part 3: Justify why this process is a recycling of carbon in the carbon cycle.
Use complete sentences to explain your answer.
Answer:
Part 1: Arrow F represents the process of decomposition in the carbon cycle.
Part 2: During the process of decomposition, organic matter such as dead plants and animals are broken down by bacteria and fungi into simpler inorganic compounds like carbon dioxide and water. In this process, matter is conserved because the total amount of carbon and other elements present in the organic matter before decomposition is the same as the total amount of carbon and other elements present in the inorganic compounds that result from decomposition.
Part 3: Decomposition is a recycling of carbon in the carbon cycle because it converts organic carbon compounds back into inorganic carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide, which can be used again by plants for photosynthesis. The carbon dioxide released during decomposition can enter the atmosphere and be taken up by plants during photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules. Therefore, decomposition plays an essential role in returning carbon from dead organisms back into the atmosphere or soil, where it can be reused by living organisms in the carbon cycle.
Explanation:
I hope this might help you :)
Arrow F in the given diagram represents the process of respiration in the carbon cycle. During respiration, living organisms, such as plants and animals, release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Matter is conserved during the process of respiration because although carbon is being released into the atmosphere, it is not being created or destroyed. The carbon dioxide that is produced during respiration is simply a rearrangement of the carbon atoms that were already present in the organic molecules consumed by the organisms. Therefore, the total amount of carbon in the cycle remains the same.
Respiration is considered a recycling process in the carbon cycle because the carbon dioxide released during respiration can be taken up by plants during photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide, along with sunlight and water, to produce glucose and release oxygen. This glucose is then used as a source of energy by the plant or stored as starch. The carbon from the glucose is then incorporated into the plant's tissues.
In summary, arrow F represents the process of respiration in the carbon cycle. Matter is conserved during this process as carbon is rearranged but not created or destroyed. Respiration is a recycling process because the carbon dioxide released can be taken up by plants during photosynthesis, completing the cycle.
6. Complete these sentences about the water cycle. Use the words in the box to help you. water vapour hail condenses evaporates snow clouds | rain a. Water on the Earth's surface apou 'S and moves up into the air as water b. The water vapour cools and it rises into the air. c. Drops of water high in the air form d. Drops of water fall to the Earth as e. Water in clouds freezes and falls to the Earth as ram hail or snow f. Rain, snow and hail bring water the Earth's surface. as back to Key concepts The water cycle is the process by which water evaporates from A.
The water cycle is the process by which water evaporates from the Earth's surface, forms clouds, falls back to the surface as precipitation (rain, snow, or hail), and eventually evaporates again to repeat the cycle.
a. Water on the Earth's surface evaporates and moves up into the air as water vapour.
b. The water vapour cools and condenses into clouds.
c. Drops of water high in the air form snow or hail.
d. Drops of water fall to the Earth as rain, snow or hail.
e. Water in clouds freezes and falls to the Earth as snow, hail or rain.
f. Rain, snow and hail bring water back to the Earth's surface.
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pyrethroid pesticides exert their toxicity in the form of
When Jared eats a barracuda he only gets about 10% of the energy that the barracuda obtained from the flying fish it ate. Explain 3 reasons why so little energy is passed to Jared ?
Answer:EAT THE BARRACUDA
Explanation:FOOD