A person would be better at oxidising fat if they had more mitochondria in their muscles.
What do the mitochondria mostly do?Most eukaryotes, including mammals, plants, and fungi, have a mitochondrion as one of their cell organelles. Adenosine triphosphate, which serves as a source of chemical energy for the entire cell, is produced by aerobic respiration in mitochondria, which have a double membrane structure. The traditional function of the mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation, which produces ATP by using the energy released through the oxidation of the food we eat. The majority of biochemical and physiological functions, including growth, mobility, and equilibrium, all require ATP as their main energy source.Our bodies' "energy factory" is known as the mitochondria. In almost every cell in the body, there are thousands of mitochondria. They are responsible for converting food ingredients into energy and processing oxygen.To learn more about mitochondria, refer to:
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Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:
A. older than 8 to 10 years.
B. complaining of severe back pain.
C. immobilized on a long backboard.
D. experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest.
Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is older than 8 to 10 years.
A is the correct answer.
You might need to put padding under the child's shoulders and back areas to preserve an open airway and a neutral position of the child's head. The cornerstone of posture for kids under 3 is padding under the shoulders and/or upper torso to achieve a neutral or "sniffing" position; kids beyond 3 might need cushioning under their occiput.
Place one pad on the baby's upper left chest or upper right chest above the breast. Put the second pad on the baby's back or the bottom left portion of the chest beneath the armpit. If pads will contact on an infant's chest, place one pad on the infant's anterior chest and another pad on the infant's posterior chest.
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______________ determine(s) what sensations we attend to and encode into short-term memory.
Attention is the key factor that determines what sensations we attend to and encode into short-term memory.
In our daily lives, we constantly encounter a multitude of sensations, such as sights, sounds, smells, and tactile experiences. However, our brain cannot process all of this sensory information simultaneously. Attention serves as a filter, allowing us to selectively focus on specific sensations that are relevant or important to us at any given moment.
Once we pay attention to a sensation, our brains begin to process and encode this information into short-term memory. Encoding is the process by which our brain translates sensory input into a format that can be stored and later retrieved. Short-term memory acts as a temporary storage system, holding the encoded information for a brief period before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory for more permanent storage.
In summary, attention plays a crucial role in determining what sensations we focus on and subsequently encode into short-term memory. By selectively attending to certain sensations, our brains can effectively filter out irrelevant information and concentrate on what is most important to us at any given time. This enables us to efficiently process, store, and retrieve the information we need for various cognitive tasks and decision-making processes.
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Non vascular plants contain about ________ species.
a. 6000
b. 1200
c. 8200
Nonvascular plants contain about 6000 species. The correct option is "a".
Nonvascular plants, also known as bryophytes, are a group of plants that lack specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients. They include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, and are found in a variety of environments, from tropical rainforests to arctic tundra.
Despite their relatively simple structure and lack of vascular tissues, nonvascular plants are diverse and widespread, with an estimated 6000 species worldwide. This makes them one of the most diverse groups of plants on the planet. Nonvascular plants play important ecological roles, such as providing habitat for other organisms, contributing to soil formation and nutrient cycling, and helping to regulate the Earth's climate through their role in the carbon cycle.
The correct option is "a".
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In base excision repair, a whole segment of DNA is removed and resynthesized.truefalse
The statement "In base excision repair, only the damaged or incorrect base is removed and resynthesized" is False.
This process involves a specific enzyme, called a DNA glycosylase, recognizing and removing the damaged base. Once the base is removed, an endonuclease cleaves the DNA backbone, creating a gap. This gap is then filled in by DNA polymerase, using the intact strand as a template.
Finally, the repaired strand is sealed with a ligase enzyme. This process of removing and replacing a single base is much less invasive and less likely to introduce errors than removing and resynthesizing an entire segment of DNA. Base excision repair is a critical mechanism for maintaining the integrity of DNA and preventing mutations that can lead to diseases such as cancer.
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Question 15 Marks: 1 Ascaris ova may survive up to 7 hours in moist, warm soil.Choose one answer. a. True b. False
The given statement "Ascaris ova may survive up to 7 hours in moist, warm soil" is true because ascaris ova, which are the eggs of the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, can survive in moist, warm soil for several hours.
Ascaris ova, which are the eggs of the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, can survive for several hours in moist, warm soil. According to studies, the eggs can survive in these settings for up to 7 hours.
This is significant because Ascaris infection is frequently spread through the consumption of contaminated soil or food, especially in places with inadequate sanitation.
To avoid the spread of Ascaris infection, it is critical to practise excellent hygiene and sanitation.
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Explain six mechanisms that add variation into a population
Mutation: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism that can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to mutagens, such as radiation or chemicals. These changes can create new alleles or gene variants that can increase genetic variation in a population.
Genetic recombination: Genetic recombination occurs during sexual reproduction, when genetic material from two parents is combined to create a unique offspring. This process shuffles the alleles and gene variants present in the parental populations, generating new combinations of genes and increasing genetic variation in the offspring.
Gene flow: Gene flow occurs when individuals move between different populations and bring with them new alleles or gene variants. This process can introduce new genetic material into a population, increasing genetic diversity.
Non-random mating: Non-random mating occurs when individuals choose their mates based on certain traits or characteristics, such as size, coloration, or behavior. This can lead to the selection of certain alleles or gene variants, creating new combinations of genes and increasing genetic variation within a population.
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Once a group of variants had a peak number of infections, did members of that same group cause another wave of infection?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as it depends on a variety of factors including the virulence of the variant, the susceptibility of the population,
In some cases, a group of variants that caused a peak in infections may continue to circulate and cause subsequent waves of infection. This has been seen with certain strains of influenza, for example. However, in other cases, public health measures such as vaccination, quarantine, and social distancing may be effective at preventing subsequent waves of infection from the same group of variants.
It is important to monitor the situation closely and take appropriate action as needed to protect public health. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as it depends on a variety of factors including the virulence of the variant, the susceptibility of the population, and the effectiveness of public health measures taken to control the spread of the virus.
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The cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pupil and lens of the eye are located in the ________ ganglion.
The cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pupil and lens of the eye are located in the ciliary ganglion.
The ciliary ganglion is a small, circular structure located behind the eye within the orbit. It is connected to the oculomotor nerve, which contains both motor and parasympathetic fibers.
The parasympathetic fibers travel from the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglion, where they synapse with postganglionic fibers that innervate the muscles of the iris and ciliary body of the eye.
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for controlling the pupil's size and the lens's shape, which allows for the proper focusing of light onto the retina.
Dysfunction of the ciliary ganglion or parasympathetic nervous system can lead to eye conditions such as miosis, accommodation disorders, and anisocoria.
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The nasopharynx sits __ to the oropharynx in a standing animal.
A. caudal
B. cranial
C. dorsal
D. ventral
The nasopharynx sits cranial to the oropharynx in a standing animal, which is option B.
The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. It is divided into three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
The nasopharynx is the uppermost part of the pharynx, located behind the nasal cavity. It is separated from the oropharynx by the soft palate, which is a muscular structure that separates the oral and nasal cavities.
The oropharynx is the middle part of the pharynx, located behind the oral cavity. It extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis, which is a flap of cartilage that covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing.
In a standing animal, the nasopharynx is located cranial to the oropharynx. This means that it is situated higher up in the body, towards the head.
Conversely, the oropharynx is located caudal to the nasopharynx, which means it is situated lower down in the body, towards the tail.
Therefore, option B, cranial, is the correct answer to the question.
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how many different types of subunits are there in bacterial rnap holoenzyme and what are their names? module 3 review quiz'
There are five different types of subunits in the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme, which is involved in the transcription process. These subunits are:
1. Alpha subunit (α)
2. Beta subunit (β)
3. Beta-prime subunit (β')
4. Omega subunit (ω)
5. Sigma factor (σ)
Different subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase:
The bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme is composed of multiple subunits. There are five different types of subunits in the holoenzyme, which are named α, β, β', ω, and sigma (σ). The sigma factor is a dissociable subunit that is required for the initiation of transcription. The other four subunits (α, β, β', ω) form the core enzyme, which is responsible for the elongation of the RNA molecule during transcription. So, to summarize, there are five different types of subunits in the bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme, including alpha (α), beta (β), beta prime (β'), omega (ω), and sigma (σ).
The sigma factor is responsible for recognizing and binding to the promoter region of the DNA, allowing the RNAP holoenzyme to initiate transcription.
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caralous linneas developed a system to organize all life on earth called
Carolus Linnaeus developed a system to organize all life on Earth called the binomial nomenclature, which is part of his larger classification system known as Linnaean taxonomy. This system classifies organisms based on their shared characteristics and assigns them a two-part Latin name consisting of the genus and species.
Caralous Linnaeus, also known as Carl Linnaeus, developed a system to organize all life on earth called the Linnaean classification system. This system is based on the characteristics of organisms and classifies them into a hierarchy of categories ranging from Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. The Linnaean classification system is still widely used today by scientists to categorize and study organisms.
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Electrons are shuttled from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the respiratory chain via
Electrons are shuttled from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the respiratory chain via FADH2 and NADH .
The energy shuttle known as NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen) moves energy from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. One NADH finally produces 2.5 to 3 ATP molecules during this transport.
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain take place inside the mitochondria, whereas glycolysis takes place in the cytosol.
The eight chemical processes that make up the citric acid cycle result in the production of carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2. The electron transport chain can utilise the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 (ETC).
This is so because glycolysis takes place in the cytosol and NADH is unable to transport its electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the complex. Instead, it must transfer its electrons to a molecular "shuttle mechanism" that then transports them to the electron transport chain through a series of stages.
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Any of the bacteria within the coliform bacterial group can be considered as?
a) An indicator of viral contamination
b) A deadly organism
c) An indicator of the potential presence of pathogenic fecal organisms
d) A violation of secondary health standards
Answer:
C)
Explanation:
Most types of coliform bacteria are harmless to humans, but some can cause mild illnesses and a few can lead to serious waterborne diseases. Coliform bacteria are often referred to as "indicator organisms" because they indicate the potential presence of disease-causing bacteria in water.
Question 70
The main function of a sand filter is to:
a. Remove tastes and odors
b. Remove suspended solids
c. Remove dissolved material
d. Remove bacteria
The main function of a sand filter is to remove suspended solids from water, correct option is (b).
The Sand filters are commonly used in water treatment to remove large particles, such as sand, dirt, and debris, from the water. They are particularly effective at removing particles that are larger than the spaces between the sand particles in the filter bed.
While sand filters can help to remove some bacteria from water, their primary purpose is to remove suspended solids rather than dissolved material, tastes, or odors.
Therefore, the correct option is (b).
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Which is one basic assumption of the heterotroph hypothesis?
(1) More complex organisms appeared before less complex organisms.
(2) Living organisms did not appear until there
was oxygen in the atmosphere.
(3) Large autotrophic organisms appeared before small photosynthesizing organisms.
(4) Autotrophic activity added oxygen molecules to the environment
Oxygen molecules were added to the environment through autotrophic activity. The origin of life on Earth is explained by the heterotroph hypothesis.
The heterotrophic hypothesis is what?According to the so-called heterotrophic hypothesis, life originated from an organic soup of tiny molecules either transported to Earth by alien objects or created through gas-gas reactions caused by lightning.
What is the evolutionary heterotroph hypothesis?The heterotroph hypothesis states that the first cells were likely heterotrophic and would have devoured organic molecules created in the absence of cells. These cells would have required to produce energy through a process known as fermentation.
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Name the 3 divisions for Non vascular plants.
1.
2.
3.
The three divisions for nonvascular plants are Bryophyta (mosses), Hepatophyta (liverworts), and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts).
Nonvascular plants are plants that lack vascular tissues, such as xylem and phloem, that are responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant. Instead, nonvascular plants rely on osmosis and diffusion to move water and nutrients from one part of the plant to another.
The three divisions for nonvascular plants are Bryophyta (mosses), Hepatophyta (liverworts), and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). Mosses are small, simple plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They grow in dense mats or clumps in moist environments, such as wetlands, and play an important role in preventing erosion and maintaining soil moisture.
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If a cell were given glucose labeled at carbon-3 with 14C, what carbon(s) of pyruvate would contain the label? Upload a labeled drawing tracing through the steps.
If a cell were given glucose labeled at carbon-3 at 14C, the carbon-3 of pyruvate would contain the label. This is because glucose is converted into pyruvate during the process of glycolysis, and the carbon-3 of glucose is eventually incorporated into the pyruvate molecule.
What is Glycolysis?
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, which is then used in other cellular processes such as the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. In the case of glucose labeled at carbon-3 with 14C, the label would be carried through the glycolysis pathway and eventually incorporated into the carbon-3 of pyruvate.
Here is a labeled drawing tracing through the steps:
Glucose (labeled at carbon-3 with 14C) → Glycolysis → Pyruvate (labeled at carbon-3 with 14C)
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The main difference between lymphatic organs and lymphatic nodules is that lymphatic organs have a _______ enclosing them.
The fact that lymphatic organs are enclosed in a capsule makes this the primary distinction between lymphatic organs and lymphatic nodules.
What are lymphatic organs?White blood cells are produced, stored, and transported by the tissues and organs that fight infections and other disorders. This system consists of the lymph nodes, lymphatic veins, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and white blood cells' transportation system, the lymphatic system. They can be discovered throughout the body, including in the groin, armpits, chest, belly, and throat. They frequently travel in chains or groups. They are all encased in fatty tissue and located close to arteries and veins. The thymus gland and red bone marrow are the two main organs that produce lymph. The section on blood gave a quick overview of the process of white blood cell production, or hemopoesis.To learn more about lymphatic organs, refer to:
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T/F As discussed in lecture, a microarray can be used to genotype thousands of SNPs in a single individual in a single experiment.
The statement "As discussed in the lecture, a microarray can be used to genotype thousands of SNPs in a single individual in a single experiment" is True. A microarray is a tool used in genetics research to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously.
Microarrays can also be used for genotyping, which is the process of determining an individual's genetic makeup by analyzing their DNA sequence. Microarrays are particularly useful for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are common genetic variations that occur when a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence is changed. By using a microarray to genotype thousands of SNPs in a single individual in a single experiment, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of that individual's genetic profile. This information can be used in a variety of applications, including medical research, personalized medicine, and genetic counseling.
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The fossils of a new species of reptile are found in deposits dating to the Permian period. Later, scientists discover that fossils of the reptile species changed somewhat over time and can be found in deposits dating from the Permian period all the way up to the Cretaceous period. The scientists' observations most strongly support which evolutionary model(s)
The scientists' observations most strongly support the theory of gradualism .
This theory suggests that evolution occurs slowly and gradually over time, resulting in small changes accumulating and leading to the development of new species. The reptile species evolving and changing somewhat over a span of several geological periods supports this idea of gradual change. The observations may also support the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that species remain relatively stable for long periods of time before experiencing rapid bursts of evolutionary change, but the evidence for this theory is not as strong as that for gradualism in this case.
The scientists' observations most strongly support the evolutionary model of gradualism. Gradualism is an evolutionary model that proposes that species evolve slowly and continuously over long periods of time.
Therefore, In this case, the reptile species changed somewhat over time from the Permian period to the Cretaceous period, indicating a slow and continuous process of evolution.
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A stoma consists of a _____. View Available Hint(s)for Part A gap where primary and secondary cell walls are missing water-conducting cell with vessel elements pore surrounded by specialized guard cells waxy substance found on the surface of a plant
A stoma consists of a pore surrounded by specialized guard cells.
The pore allows for gas exchange, while the guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the pore to control water loss and uptake by the plant.
Stomata are found primarily on the leaves of plants, where they play a critical role in photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.
The opening and closing of the stomata is controlled by a variety of internal and external factors, including light, humidity, and CO2 levels.
When the plant needs to conserve water, the guard cells close the stomata, reducing water loss through transpiration. When the plant needs to take in CO2 for photosynthesis, the guard cells open the stomata, allowing for gas exchange.
The regulation of stomata is a complex process that involves a variety of signaling pathways and genetic factors, and understanding these processes is essential for improving crop yields and developing more water-efficient plants.
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What are 4 reasons why energy is lost between trophic levels?
The reasons why energy is lost between trophic levels in an ecosystem are heat loss, inefficient digestion, movement and respiration, and waste and death.
a. Heat loss: As organisms carry out their life processes, they generate heat which is lost to the environment. This heat energy cannot be used by organisms in higher trophic levels and is therefore lost as it moves up the food chain.
2. Inefficient digestion: Organisms at higher trophic levels need to consume larger amounts of food to meet their energy requirements. However, the energy stored in the food is not always efficiently digested and absorbed, leading to energy loss.
3. Movement and respiration: Organisms at higher trophic levels are often larger and more active, which means they need more energy to move and breathe. This energy is not available to organisms in higher trophic levels.
4. Waste and death: As organisms carry out their life processes, they produce waste products which contain energy. When an organism dies, the energy stored in its body is not always transferred to the next trophic level, as some of it is lost to decomposition and scavenging by other organisms.
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Which statement correctly identifies the cell type and explains why?
A. This is a plant cell; the evidence is the cell wall.
B. This is a plant cell; the evidence is the nucleus.
C. This is an animal cell; the evidence is the mitochondria.
D. This is an animal cell; the evidence is the cell membrane.
all of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except
a. dairy b. truck farming c. mixed crop and livestock d. horticulture
e. paddy rice farming
Paddy rice farming, on the other hand, is more extensive and typically requires large areas of land with specific water management practices.
All of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except e. paddy rice farming
Intensive commercial agriculture includes practices that require a high amount of input and management to maximize production. Examples include:
a. Dairy farming: This involves managing and maintaining cows for milk production, often on a large scale.
b. Truck farming: This refers to the cultivation of fruits and vegetables for transport and sale in urban markets.
c. Mixed crop and livestock farming: This system combines the growing of crops and raising of livestock on the same land, promoting resource efficiency.
d. Horticulture: This encompasses the cultivation of high-value crops, such as fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants, requiring specialized care and attention.
Paddy rice farming, on the other hand, is more extensive and typically requires large areas of land with specific water management practices.
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Wild-type proteins that are synthesized on the rough ER cannot exit this compartment until they achieve their completely folded conformation.TrueFalse
The answer is True. Proteins that are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergo a series of modifications and folding steps before they are transported to their final destination.
The rough ER provides an environment that facilitates protein folding and also contains chaperone proteins that assist with the folding process. Misfolded proteins are typically retained within the ER, where they are either refolded or targeted for degradation. Only properly folded proteins are able to exit the ER and proceed to other cellular compartments or be secreted outside the cell. Therefore, wild-type proteins that are synthesized on the rough ER cannot exit this compartment until they achieve their completely folded conformation.
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the following are all true of all of the african apes except for? group of answer choices they all live in bonded social groups of various size and makeup basic anatomy is similar among all three species they are all hominoids they are all highly sexually dimorphic they utilize a variety of food sources
All of the given statements are true for all African apes except for one. That one statement is that they are all highly sexually dimorphic.
While it is true that African apes are generally larger and stronger than their female counterparts, the degree of sexual dimorphism varies among the three species. For example, male gorillas are much larger and stronger than female gorillas, while the difference between male and female chimpanzees and bonobos is less pronounced. Nonetheless, all African apes live in bonded social groups of various sizes and makeups, have similar basic anatomy, are hominoids, and utilize a variety of food sources.
While some African apes, like gorillas, exhibit significant sexual dimorphism (with males being much larger and more robust than females), others like bonobos and some populations of chimpanzees show less pronounced sexual dimorphism. The other statements are true for all African ape species.
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Question 73
The best time to apply a herbicide is in the late spring or early summer when plant growth and development is taking place.
a. True
b. False
True. The best time to apply a herbicide is in the late spring or early summer when plant growth and development is taking place. So, the correct answer is option a.
This is so that the herbicide can take effect quickly because the warm temperatures and additional sunlight stimulate weeds to be actively growing.
Additionally, the plants are at their weakest at this time, increasing the likelihood that the herbicide will work. Additionally, the soil is typically damp, which makes it easier for the herbicide to reach the roots of the weeds and be quickly absorbed.
Herbicides should never be used on plants that are actively growing since it could harm and stress them. In addition, applying herbicides during the height of the day is not advised because the sun may cause them to evaporate and lose some of their effectiveness.
Lastly, never apply the herbicide on a windy day since it could be blown away from the target plants and potentially contaminate other vegetation.
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Show mathematically that two bases as a codon would not be sufficient to code all 20 known amino acids.
It transfers the correct amino acid in the correct sequence to the ribosome to produce the functional protein. I hope this helps :)
Non-Allosteric Enzyme Behavior
1) What happens when the rate of the reaction (Velocity) does not change?
2) This type of reaction is called what?
1) When the rate of the reaction (velocity) does not change, it means that the enzyme activity is not affected by the concentration of substrate or product.
2) This type of reaction is called a zero-order reaction.
1) In a non-allosteric enzyme, the enzyme's active site is always available for substrate binding, and the rate of the reaction is determined by the rate at which the substrate molecules collide with the enzyme's active site. When the enzyme's active site is saturated with substrate, the reaction rate reaches its maximum value, and the velocity remains constant.
2) Zero-order reactions are commonly observed in non-allosteric enzymes, where the enzyme-catalyzed reaction rate is constant at high substrate concentrations, and the reaction rate is independent of the substrate concentration. Examples of enzymes that exhibit zero-order kinetics include alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase.
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a particularly perplexing clinical feature of anorexia nervosa is the