The explanation that is an improved condition for cellular respiration is A: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
Cell breath is the interaction by which cells convert supplements, like glucose, into energy that can be utilized by the cell. A mind-boggling set of biochemical responses happens in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
The course of cell breath includes the breakdown of glucose through a progression of responses, eventually delivering ATP, the energy money of the phone. The responses associated with cell breath can be partitioned into three fundamental stages: glycolysis, the citrus extract cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
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why are plants eukaryotic
Plants, like most multicellular organisms, are eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having a true nucleus, which contains the organism's genetic material, in the form of DNA, enclosed within a membrane.
Additionally, eukaryotic cells are typically larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, which lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Plants, like other eukaryotes, have many different types of organelles within their cells, including mitochondria, ribosomes, and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are unique to plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into organic compounds, such as glucose. Additionally, plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.
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For an enzyme that follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, KM is equal to:
Michaelis-Menten kinetics dictates that KM is equivalent to two times Vmax for an enzyme. Practically speaking, Km is the substrate quantity that enables the enzyme to reach half of Vmax.
Enzyme kinetics graph showing rate of reaction as a function of substrate concentration, with Vmax (maximum velocity) and Km (substrate concentration giving reaction rate of 1/2 Vmax) marked. An enzyme with a high Km has a low affinity for its substrate and needs a higher concentration of substrate to achieve Vmax.
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How many nucleotides in messenger RNA's sequence makes a codon for an amino acid?
Three nucleotides in messenger RNA's sequence makes a codon for an Amino acid.
Each codon in messenger RNA (mRNA) is made up of three nucleotides. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.
There are a total of 64 possible codons, with 61 codons coding for the 20 different amino acids found in proteins, and 3 codons serving as stop signals to indicate the end of the protein sequence.
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Using complete sentences, compare and contrast the terms living and biotic.
Biotic elements and living creatures can both be alive. Biotic things, in contrast to living things, might not currently be alive but may have formerly been alive or descended from a living creature. I gave a flower as an illustration of something that is both biological and living. I used the example of paper, which is biotic but not life.
Are people biotic or abiotic?Humans play a biotic role in ecosystems as well. Human activities frequently have negative effects on other organisms. We compete for resources with some animals, prey on others, and change the habitat of still other organisms.
What are biotic and abiotic terms?An ecosystem's biotic factors include living things like plants, animals, and microbes, while its abiotic elements include things like water and the atmosphere.
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Can you breed two different types of animals?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
you can to give a different spicies of animals
DNA fragments are negatively charged and travel to the positively-charged electrode in capillary electrophoresis. TrueorFalse
True. In capillary electrophoresis, negatively charged DNA fragments move towards the positively charged electrode.
Due to their negative charge, DNA fragments gravitate towards to the positive electrode. Smaller DNA fragments migrate through the gel more quickly than larger ones because they all have the same charge per mass. DNA has a positive charge and is drawn to an agarose gel that has a negative charge. Negatively charged molecules like DNA and RNA will be drawn to the positively charged top of the gel. The negative charged fragments are pushed into the capillaries by a high-voltage charge delivered to the buffered decoding procedure. Because larger pieces move through the matrix more slowly than smaller fragments, the Plasmid dna are sorted based on size.
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new nail growth comes from the _.
Under the cuticle, at the nail root, are where nails begin to grow. New nail cells at the nail's root push out the older nail cells as they expand.
Typically, all of the aged cells stiffen and flatten.
Keratin, a protein produced by these cells, is largely to blame for this. The freshly produced nail then proceeds down the nail bed, which is the flat area beneath your nails. The typical growth rate of your fingernails is 3.47 millimetres (mm) every month, or roughly 0.1 millimetre per day. The length of a short rice grain, for comparison, is approximately 5.5 mm. It could take up to six months for your fingernail to fully regrow if you lose one.
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1
What unique process occurs during Prophase I (of Meiosis I) to ensure new chromosomes aren't exact copies of the original chromosome?
A) a spindle forms and attached to each tetrad
B) crossing-over
C) independent assortment
D) nuclear envelope reforms
The unique process that occurs during Prophase I of Meiosis I to ensure new chromosomes aren't exact copies of the original chromosome is : crossing-over. Option B) is the correct answer.
What is Meiosis?This refers to a special form of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs during formation of egg and sperm cells in mammals.
meiosis also has distinct stages called:
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What are the 2 bones in the leg?
The tibia and fibula are the two long bones in the lower leg. They connect the knee and ankle, but they are separate bones.
The bigger of the two lower leg bones, the tibia is sometimes known as the shinbone. The knee joint is located on top of the tibia, while the ankle joint is located at the bottom. It still needs the fibula's support even though this bone bears the bulk of the body's weight.
The tibia travels alongside the fibula, sometimes known as the calf bone, which is smaller than the tibia. Although it is situated below the knee joint, the top of the fibula is not actually a member of the joint. The exterior of the ankle joint is made up of the lower end of the fibula. Although it doesn't have much weight, the fibula aids in the tibia's stabilization.
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Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is FALSE?
1. Introns are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
2. snRNPs function in RNA splicing.
3. RNA splicing can be catalyzed by RNA polymerase.
4. A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.
The statement that RNA splicing can be catalyzed by RNA polymerase is false, the correct option is 3.
The splicing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA involves the removal of introns and the joining of exons by the spliceosome complex, which is composed of snRNPs and other proteins. This process is crucial for the generation of functional mRNA molecules that can be translated into proteins. During RNA processing, the primary transcript undergoes various modifications such as capping, polyadenylation, and splicing, resulting in the production of a mature mRNA molecule that is shorter and more stable than the primary transcript. This allows for efficient transport of the mRNA out of the nucleus and translation of the genetic information encoded in the mRNA.
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How many chromosomes does a blackberry have?
Blackberry belongs to the subgenus Rubus, is tetraploid (2n=4x=28) and has a haploid number of 14.
A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. The very long, thin DNA fibers in most chromosomes are covered with packing proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the histones are the most significant of these proteins.
Sex chromosomes and autosomes are the two primary types of chromosomes found in many organisms with distinct sexes. All features are inherited under the direction of autosomes, with the exception of those that are sex-related and are governed by the sex chromosomes.
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how are the lysogenic and lytic cycles different apex?
Lytic cycle includes the reproduction of viruses by using a host cell in order to manufacture more viruses and they burst out of the cell. lysogenic cycle includes the fusion of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within.
In general , the major difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles states that, in lysogenic cycles, the viral DNA gets spread through the process of prokaryotic reproduction, on the other hand in lytic cycle the process is immediate and results in many copies of the virus being created very quickly and the cell is destroyed.
Hence , lytic cycle is different from the lysogenic cycle as in lytic cycle the death of the infected cell is a result of lysis, while the lysogenic cycle does not kill the cell. Viruses known as bacteriophages infect bacteria, and others can undergo both types of cycles.
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which part of a membrane protein is found in contact with the interior of the lipid bilayer?
A membrane protein's non-polar region is found in touch with the lipid bilayer's interior.
The lipid bilayer's interior is non-polar, but its heads are made up of polar molecules that form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules. This also means that polar molecules like water and ions won't be able to pass through the lipid bilayer's nonpolar tail region as easily. The lipid bilayer contains integral membrane proteins all at once. Although peripheral membrane proteins are not directly inserted into the lipid bilayer, they are nonetheless indirectly connected to the membrane, typically through interactions with core membrane proteins.
According to the Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane, only one of the answer options—"Proteins are embedded in the fluid bilayer of lipids"—is accurate.
The component is hence known as a non-polar segment.
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What are the role of proteins in an organism (select 4)?
Answer: Four main roles of proteins are
(a) Acting as enzymes
(b) Structural Support
(c) Transport and storage
(d) Defense and protection
Explanation:
Proteins are an essential biomolecules and they help an organism in various ways.
Enzymes: Many proteins act as enzymes, which catalyze or speed up chemical reactions in the body. Enzymes are involved in many processes, including digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication.
Structural support: Many proteins provide structural support to cells and tissues. For example, collagen is a fibrous protein that makes up skin, tendons, and bone structural framework.
Transport and storage: Some proteins serve as carriers that transport molecules such as oxygen, hormones, and nutrients throughout the body. Other proteins act as storage molecules, such as ferritin, which stores iron in the liver and spleen.
Defense and protection: Some proteins are involved in the immune system and act as antibodies or other defense molecules to protect the body from foreign substances, such as bacteria or viruses. Other proteins act as molecular chaperones, helping other proteins fold correctly and preventing the formation of harmful protein aggregates.
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why was the evolution of a coelom a critically important innovation for animals? view available hint(s)for part a why was the evolution of a coelom a critically important innovation for animals? it enables the internal organs to move independently of the outer tubes, or exterior of the animal. the coelom separates vertebrates from invertebrates. the coelom made it possible for animals to colonize land. the coelom gives rise to a complex nervous system.
Evolution of coelom is critical because, A, it enables the internal organs to move independently of the outer tubes, or exterior of the animal.
How did the coelom evolve over time?The evolution of a coelom, or a fluid-filled body cavity surrounded by mesoderm, allowed for the development of a more complex and specialized organ system in animals. The coelom provided a space for the internal organs to move independently of the outer tubes, which allowed for greater efficiency and specialization of organ function.
It also provided protection for the organs, allowing them to be shielded from external pressures and impacts. The evolution of a coelom was a critically important innovation for animals.
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both the tricuspid and mitral valves have string like structures that ancore them and prevent them from inverting. what is the name of these heart strings?
The string-like structures that anchor and prevent the tricuspid and mitral valves from inverting are called chordae tendineae.
As per the question given,
These are strong fibrous cords that connect the valves to the papillary muscles, which are small muscles located in the heart wall. The chordae tendineae act like guide ropes, keeping the valve leaflets from flipping inside out or bulging into the atria when the ventricles contract.
The strength and integrity of these chordae tendineae are crucial for maintaining proper heart function and preventing valve disorders, such as regurgitation, where blood flows back into the atria instead of forward into the rest of the body.
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in erythropoiesis, what is the name of the cell that has ejected its nucleus and other organelles prior to being released into the bloodstream?
The cellular that has expelled its cell nucleus before entering the circulation is known as a reticulocyte.
Reticulocytes are a sign of what?The quantity of young red blood cells (reticulocytes) throughout you extracellular environment is counted during a reticulocyte count. Reticulocyte counts are used by doctors to determine how much red blood cell production is occurring in your bone marrow. This examination is one of several available to identify and track ailments that have an impact on our red blood cells.
Does iron deficient anemia have a high reticulocyte count?The indicators of reticulocyte immaturity are greater when iron shortage is present, showing a lack of the building blocks needed to make hemoglobin. As a result, they may be used as early indicators of vitamin deficiency and anemia.
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the viral structure responsible for recognizing specific host cells isa glycoproteingenetic material.a retrovirus.a bacteriophage.
The viral structure responsible for recognizing specific host cells isa glycoproteingenetic material is retrovirus.
What is virus ?
A segment of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat, either DNA or RNA, makes up a virus, an infectious bacterium. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own; instead, they must infect cells in order to utilise the components of the host cell to make copies of themselves.
What is retrovirus ?
A specific class of virus whose genetic makeup is composed of RNA rather than DNA. It integrates into the DNA of the host cells using the reverse transcriptase enzyme. The virus can multiply many times in the host cells as a result.
Therefore, The viral structure responsible for recognizing specific host cells isa glycoproteingenetic material is retrovirus.
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Which role does the protein cytochrome p450 play in the human body?
O It transports waste products out of cells.
O It regulates blood sugar levels
O It constructs cell membranes.
O It breaks down unfamiliar chemicals.
The role of the protein cytochrome p450 in the human body is It breaks down unfamiliar chemicals.
option D
Which is the role of protein cytochrome p450 ?
The protein cytochrome P450 plays a crucial role in breaking down and eliminating many different types of foreign substances, including drugs, toxins, and environmental pollutants, from the human body. It is primarily involved in the process of drug metabolism and is found in many different tissues and organs, particularly the liver.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes help to convert these foreign substances into more water-soluble forms that can be easily excreted from the body, thus protecting the body from potentially harmful effects.
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Answer: it breaks down unfamiliar chemicals.
Explanation: i took the test !
what is the average shoe size for women?
In the 1960s, a woman's average foot size in the United States was 6.5. In the 1970s, it reached 7.5. The typical female foot in the US was a size 6.5 in the 1960s (equal to a UK size 4) and increased to a size 7.5 in the 1970s (UK 5).
Although there are no official figures available, anecdotal information from shoe sales staff suggests that the typical shoe size for ladies right now is roughly a U.S. 7 to 8.
Some people might be surprised to learn that the average American woman's foot size ranges from an 8.5 to a 9, as opposed to the 7.5 it was on average until quite recently. Yet, it is not simply a British phenomenon.
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In the 1940s, proteins were thought to be the more likely molecules to house genetic information. What was the primary reason that DNA was not originally believed to be the genetic material?
(a) DNA has a high density of negative charges.
(b) Nucleotides were known to be a source of chemical energy for the cell.
(c) Both protein and nucleic acids were found to be components of chromosomes.
(d) DNA was found to contain only four different chemical building blocks.
The primary reason that DNA was not originally believed to be the genetic material is that DNA was found to contain only four different chemical building blocks. The correct option is Option D.
Proteins were earlier thought to be the carriers of genetic material. This was thought because they had a more complex structure, being made up of 20 different amino acids. The analysis of DNA is important in the understanding of both the biological mechanisms of life and diseases that arise when this process goes wrong. Many other different applications have been developed to understand this process. These scientists analyses the molecule through a range of techniques, including DNA sequencing which helps work out its structure, through to PCR, which rapidly amplifies tiny quantities of DNA into billions of copies.
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what conditions prompt hemoglobin to release oxygen?
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body.
The release of oxygen from hemoglobin is regulated by several factors, including the concentration of oxygen in the tissues, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, and the pH of the blood.The main factor that prompts hemoglobin to release oxygen is a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the tissues. This occurs when the tissues are actively using oxygen to produce energy through cellular respiration. As the concentration of oxygen in the tissues decreases, hemoglobin undergoes a conformational change that makes it more likely to release its bound oxygen. This process is known as the Bohr effect. Another factor that can prompt hemoglobin to release oxygen is an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration and can build up in the blood if it is not removed through breathing. When carbon dioxide levels increase, the blood becomes more acidic, which can promote the release of oxygen from hemoglobin. Finally, changes in the pH of the blood can also prompt hemoglobin to release oxygen. Hemoglobin is more likely to release oxygen in an environment with a lower pH (i.e., more acidic), which can occur when tissues are producing high levels of carbon dioxide and lactic acid during periods of high metabolic activity.
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why cactus flowers bloom at night.
It reduces competition for pollinators by other plants, allowing the cactuses to bear more fruit.
Answer:
Most cactus bloom at night because of nocturnal pollinators
Explanation:
severe symptoms of hypoglycemia could be confused with
Severe symptoms of hypoglycemia could be confused with dru-nkeness, blur-red vision, and coma.
Symptoms usually occur when blood sugar levels fall below four millimoles (mmol) per litre. Typical early warning signs are feeling hungry, trembling or shakiness, and sweating. In more severe cases, you may also feel confused and have difficulty concentrating. Hypoglycemia, from any cause, of any severity or length can also additionally mimic ischa-emic stroke neurologically and on CT or MR mind imaging. Severe hypoglycemia can arise in humans with diabetes who're taking insulin and sure diabetes medications, or adjustments in normal health. For example: Eating much less than the same old amount. Skipping a meal.
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Complete question-
Severe symptoms of hypoglycemia could be confused with _____.
Visual acuity is greatest at the fovea of the eye.
true
false
True Visual acuity refers to the sharpness or clarity of vision, and it is greatest at the fovea of the eye.
The fovea is a small, central pit in the retina that contains a high concentration of cone cells, which are responsible for color vision and visual acuity. Because of this concentration of cones, the fovea provides the highest resolution and detail in our visual field.
In contrast, other areas of the retina, such as the periphery, have a lower density of cones and rely more on rod cells, which are more sensitive to low levels of light but are less effective at providing sharp, detailed images. Therefore, visual acuity decreases as we move away from the fovea towards the periphery of the retina.
The fovea is an important part of the visual system and plays a critical role in many visual tasks, such as reading, recognizing faces, and performing fine motor tasks that require precise hand-eye coordination. Understanding the distribution of cones and rods in the retina and the role of the fovea in visual acuity is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of many visual disorders, such as macular degeneration, which affects the fovea and can lead to severe visual impairment.
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The Km of an enzyme is 5.0 mM. Calculate the substrate concentration when this enzyme operates at one-quarter of its maximum rate. substrate concentration: mM Determine the fraction of Vmax that would be obtained when the substrate concentration, [S], is 0.5 Km. Round your answer to two significant figures. Vmax fraction: Enter numeric value Curve 1 An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction X = Y is isolated from two bacterial species. The enzymes have the same Vmax but different Km values for the substrate X. Enzyme A has a Km of 2.0 MM, and enzyme B has a Km of 0.5 uM. Kinetic experiments used the same concentration of each enzyme and 1 uM of substrate X. [Y] Curve 2 The graph plots the concentration of product Y formed over time. Time Based on the graphs and Km values of each enzyme, curve 1 corresponds to and curve 2 corresponds to
This enzyme uses 0.333 times as much substrate concentration as it can at its 25% maximal rate.
The connection between substrate concentration and Km
In actuality, Km is the substrate concentration at which the enzyme may accomplish half of Vmax. Because Km is a constant, raising the substrate concentration has no impact on it. An enzyme with a high Km has a poor affinity for its substrate and needs a larger concentration of substrate to achieve Vmax. The substrate concentration Km is equivalent to the substrate concentration at which the enzyme-catalyzed reaction proceeds at a rate that is half that of the maximum reaction rate.
V₀=Vmax(5)/5+Km
v₀/Vmax=5/5+km
=0.5km/1.50+km
=0.33
A protein-based molecule known as an enzyme speeds up a certain chemical reaction.
The Michaelis-Menten Equation is used to determine the connection between the substrate and reaction rate.
Vmax[S] = Vmax[Km + [S]
where V is the initial velocity, Km is the affinities measure, and S is the concentration of the substrate.
V = 0.25 [5.0] / 1/4 [5.0] .0]
V =1.67
The result of applying one quarter to the given equation is 1.67 mM.
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what does your body use to transduce specific external stimuli into neural activity?
External stimuli are converted into neural activity by a complex interaction of specialised sensory receptors, ion channels, neurotransmitters, and other signalling molecules.
Various sorts of environmental inputs are converted into neuronal activity by the body's sensory receptors. The following are some examples of transduction pathways for typical types of stimuli:
Light: Photoreceptor cells in the retina convert light into neural activity. These cells contain light-sensitive pigments known as rhodopsin and cone opsin, which change form as photons of light are absorbed. This sets off a chain of chemical events that eventually create electrical impulses in photoreceptor cells.
Sound: The inner ear's hair cells convert sound waves into neuronal activity. These cells are found in the cochlea, an inner ear spiral-shaped organ. As sound waves reach the cochlea, they vibrate the hair cells, causing the production of neurotransmitters that excite the auditory nerve fibres.
Touch: The skin has a variety of touch receptors that convert various mechanical impulses into neuronal activity. Meissner's corpuscles, for example, sense mild touch and vibrations, whereas Pacinian corpuscles detect deep pressure and quick vibrations. As mechanical stimuli distort these receptors, they create electrical impulses.
Taste and smell receptors translate chemical impulses into brain activity. In the case of taste, taste receptor cells on the tongue respond to different types of chemicals in food. When these molecules attach to the receptors, they cause neurotransmitters to be released, which excite the sensory nerve fibres. In the case of smell, odorant molecules in the air attach to receptors in the nasal cavity's olfactory epithelium, activating olfactory receptor neurons and sending signals to the brain.
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T or F: Enzymes accelerate a reaction by making the ΔG more favorable.
It is TRUE that Enzymes accelerate a reaction by making the ΔG more favorable.
In living things, proteins called enzymes catalyze biological reactions. They function by improving reaction rate by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to happen. Enzymes reduce the activation energy required for the reactants to reach the transition state, where the reaction can take place.
Enzymes don't influence a reaction's free energy change (ΔG) or equilibrium constant. Instead, by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start, they speed up the reaction's rate. This makes it possible for the reaction to happen more quickly and with a lower energy input, which improves the ΔG.
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blood from the digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas are brought to the liver via the____
Blood from the digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas are brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein
what are some ways that scientists overcome the limitations of dna microarray technology?
Major way by which scientists overcome the limitations of DNA microarray technology is by correctly transcribing the sample and reduce cross contamination.
In general ,the limitations of DNA microarray technology consists of the very high cost for the synthesis of gene-specific primers needed for the amplification of each gene in a genome, and also for the process of spotting and fluorophores that is used to label the reactions.
Also , the high background levels owed to cross-hybridization. And limited dynamic ranges needed for the detection attributed for both background and saturation signals. In order to Compare the expression levels across different experiments it become difficult and it will need a complicated normalization methods.
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