which of these attacking reagent is an electrophile 1:HNO3 2:Nh3 3:Br- 4: H+​

Answer:

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance.

Explanation:

pH stands for potential hydrogen. It ranges from 0 to 14, 7 being neutral. The pH of water is 7 i.e. it is neither acidic nor basic. 0 to 7 shows acidic behavior while 7 to 14 shows basic behavior.

Experiment:

Dip the pH paper in the liquid and wait for ten seconds. The pH strip starts to discolor.

For a strong acid the strip will turn red.

For a weak acid the strip will become pale red.

To find the correct pH value we can compare it with the indicator scale present on the pH scale box.

The scale used to measure the basicity of a substance is called the pH scale.

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and is used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.

To differentiate a weak base from a strong one, you can perform the following experiments:

pH Measurement: Measure the pH of the solution containing the base using a pH meter or pH indicator paper. A strong base will have a higher pH value, typically around 12-14, indicating a highly basic solution. A weak base will have a lower pH value, closer to 7, indicating a less basic or slightly basic solution.

Conductivity Test: Dissolve a small amount of the base in water and measure its electrical conductivity using a conductivity meter. Strong bases are good electrolytes and will conduct electricity well, resulting in a high conductivity. Weak bases, on the other hand, are poor electrolytes and will exhibit lower conductivity.

Reaction with Acids: Add a few drops of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), to a solution containing the base. Strong bases will rapidly and completely neutralize the acid, resulting in a significant increase in pH. Weak bases, however, will only partially neutralize the acid, leading to a smaller increase in pH.

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The lowest smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S is 5. Option C

Now we know that a redox reaction is one in which there is a loss and gain of electrons One specie is oxidized (looses electrons) while another specie is reduced (gains electrons). The electrons must be transferred leading to an increase in oxidation number of one specie and a decrease in the oxidation number of another.

Now the reduction half equation is;

MnO4^-(aq) + 8H^+(aq) + 5e^- ----> Mn^2+(aq) + 4H2O (l)

The oxidation  half equation is;

H2S(aq) ----> S^2-(aq) + 2H^+(aq) + 2e^-

Multiplying the reduction half equation by 2 and the  oxidation  half equation is 5

2MnO4^-(aq) + 16H^+(aq) + 10e^- ----> 2Mn^2+(aq) + 8H2O (l)

And;

5H2S(aq) ----> 5S^2-(aq) + 10H^+(aq) + 10e^-

The overall balanced reaction equation is;

2MnO4^-(aq) + 6H^+(aq) + 5H2S(aq) ----> 2Mn^2+(aq) + 8H2O (l) + 5S^2-(aq)

Thus the lowest smallest whole-number coefficient for H₂S is 5.

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An oil separates crude oil into its components by distillation. some components are altered by cracking and Reforming.

The  crude oil  contains many petroleum products like petrol , diesel , Mobil oil coaltar and many more with impurities So, now it is very important to separated it into components to use all product individually in pure form.

The separation process are based on fraction distillation because all petroleum products have different density and boiling points. All products are separated at different temperature.

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Answer:

869 g Cl₂O

Explanation:

To find the theoretical yield of Cl₂O, you need to (1) convert moles SO₂ to moles Cl₂O (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients) and then (2) convert moles Cl₂O to grams Cl₂O (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the sig figs of the given amount (10.0 moles).

1 SO₂ (g) + 2 Cl₂ (g) ----> 1 SOCl₂ (g) + 1 Cl₂O (g)

Molar Mass (Cl₂O): 2(35.453 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol

Molar Mass (Cl₂O): 86.904 g/mol

10.0 moles SO₂         1 mole Cl₂O            86.904 g
------------------------  x  ----------------------  x  ------------------  = 869 g Cl₂O
                                    1 mole SO₂              1 mole

Answer:

[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf 5\ moles\ of\ oxygen}[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]C_3H_8+5O_2 \longrightarrow 4H_2O+3CO_2[/tex]

From the reaction, we can say that,

So, to generate 3 mole of carbon dioxide, 5 moles of oxygen are required. (as shown in the chemical reaction!)

[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]

[tex] \huge \quad\quad \underline{ \tt{{Answer}}}[/tex]

Rusting of iron is the most familiar example of corrosion. It is a process in which an iron reacts with atmospheric oxygen and moisture to form a reddish brown substance iron oxide, which is commonly known as rust.

[tex] \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: [/tex]

[tex]\blue{ \star}:[/tex][tex] \sf4fe+ 3O_2+ XH_2O→ 2Fe_2O_3.XH_2O[/tex]

Answer:

Rust is an iron oxide, formed by iron and oxygen reacting in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture. Rusting is an oxidation reaction. This means it involves oxygen reacting with something (in this case, iron in the presence of moisture).

The chemical formula for rusting:

4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O → 4Fe (OH)3

Hope this helps!

- profparis

Filling out the table below following the outlined order:

An element can be defined as a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances.

An element serves as a building blocks for compounds and mixtures.

In conclusion, each element and its property as requested in the table are given above.

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Answer:

Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g)

Explanation:

The equation Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2 on reduction and oxidation, it results as below;

The equations above are half cell.

On combination of the above half cell reaction equations gives;

Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g).

Therefore, the half reaction equation for Zn + 2 HCI -> H₂ +zncl2 is given by;

Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) => Zn²+(aq) + H2 (g).

The pH of buffered solution is:

The two buffered solutions have 'equal' pH values.

Comparison between two buffer solutions:

To compare the pH of two different buffer solutions with different concentrations, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used.

pH = pKa + log [tex]\frac{Salt}{Acid}[/tex]

pKa of HOAc = 4.76

In solution 1:

Concentration of salt= 5 M

Concentration of acid= 5 M

Putting the values in the equation,

pH = 4.76 + log [tex]\frac{5}{5}[/tex]

pH = 4.76 + log1

pH = 4.76

In solution 2:

Concentration of salt= 0.050 M

Concentration of acid= 0.050 M

Putting the values in the equation,

pH = 4.76 + log[tex]\frac{0.050}{0.050}[/tex]

pH = 4.76 + log1

pH = 4.76

As the ratio  [tex]log\frac{salt}{acid}[/tex] is the same for the different solutions.

Therefore, the pH of the solution remains the same in both the buffer solutions even if the two solutions have different concentrations.

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Answer:

ρHNO₃= 1.51 g/cm3

ρ = m/V

m = ρ x V

m = (1.51 g/cm3)(2 cm3)= 3.02 g de HNO₃

n = m/PM = 3.02 g/63.01 g/mol = 0.0479 mol de HNO₃

Explanation:

2 mL of concentrated nitric acid equals 0.0479 mol

The name of the given ether is ethyl benzyl ether .

Ethers are organic compounds formed when nan oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Ethers usually have relatively high boiling points as a result of the central oxygen atom. An example of an ether, is ethyl propyl ether

The name of the given ether is ethyl benzyl ether as it has a benzyl and ethyl group attached to the oxygen atom.

In conclusion, ethers are characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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The value of a mole is 6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]. The other name of mole is Avogadro's number.

The mole is define as  6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] of the chemical unit like atoms , molecules, ions or others.It is very convenient unit because of huge numbers o f atoms, molecules or others. This is very important unit used by chemist.

One mole = atomic Mass of atoms / molecular mass of molecule

Example: one mole of sodium = 23 g = atomic mass

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The amount in moles of the excess reactant left is 0.5 mole

2ZnS (s) + 3O₂(g) --> 2ZnO (s) + 2SO₂(g)

From the balanced equation,

2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂

From the balanced equation,

2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂

Therefore,

4.2 moles of ZnS will react with =(4.2 × 3) / 2 = 6.3 moles of O₂

From the calculations made above, we can see that only 6.3 moles of O₂ out of 6.8 moles given, is required to react completely with 4.2 moles of ZnS.

Thus, ZnS is the limiting reactant and O₂ is the excess reactant.

The excess reactant is O₂. Thus the mole remaining after the reaction can be obtained as illustrated below:

Mole of O₂ remaining = (Mole of O₂ given) - (Mole of O₂ that reacted)

Mole of O₂ remaining = 6.8 - 6.3

Mole of O₂ remaining = 0.5 mole

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Explanation:

(1) they are heterogenous mixture

(2) the size of particles of colloids is too small to be seen by bare eyes.

(3) they scatter light passing through them making it's path visible.

The elements listed on the bottom of the reactivity list for all of the following except fireworks and is denoted as option C.

This is referred to the extent in which an element is able to take part in a chemical reaction.

The elements founds at the bottom of the reactivity list include gold which can't be used for making fireworks.

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Answer:

positive

Explanation:

Based on the mole ratio, the mass of oxygen reacting is 45.8 g.

The incomplete combustion of propane with oxygen produces carbon (ii) oxide and water.

The mole ratio of propane to oxygen according to the equation of the reaction is 2 : 7.

Molar mass of propane = 44 g/mol

Molar mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol

moles in 18.0 g = 18/44 mole

Mass of oxygen reacting = 18/44 * 7/2 * 32 = 45.8

In conclusion, incomplete combustion of propane produces carbon (ii) oxide.

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In the following redox reaction, the reducing agent is MnO2 (option D). Details about reducing agent can be found below.

A reducing agent in a redox reaction is any substance that reduces, or donates electrons to another, hence, it becomes oxidized.

According to this question, a redox reaction is given as follows: MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) = Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)

As shown in the equation, MnO2 is oxidized into Mn2+, therefore, it is the reducing agent.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

Valency is the combining power of an element

Answer:

when an electron move closer to the nucleus the magnitude of energy of the nucleus increases

The number of molecules and number of moles of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] is 4 moles and 24.088×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.

Calculation,

Atomic mass of carbon is 12 u and H is 1 u

So, molar mass of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] = 12 + 1×4 = 16 u = 16 g/mole

Number of moles = given mass / molar mass = 64 g/ 16 g/mol = 4 moles

1 moles of substance contains 6 .022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.

So, number of molecules in 3 moles of methane = 4×6.022 ×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]  

number of molecules in 3 moles of methane  = 24.088×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.

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Imidazole's cyclic structure is aromatic and the lone pair present at the N₁ atom available for donation. hence, according to question N₁ is the most basic atom in the structure.

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A generic element, Q, has two isotopes, 195Q and 190Q, and an average atomic mass of 191.86 amu. The natural abundances of the two isotopes are 38% 195Q and 62% 190Q. The isotopic mass of 195Q is 194.96 amu.  the isotopic mass of 190Q is 186.80.

Isotopes are two or more atom types that share the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei), location in the periodic table, and chemical element but have distinct nucleon numbers (mass numbers) as a result of having a different number of neutrons in their nuclei. Although the chemical properties of each isotope of a given element are nearly identical, they differ in their atomic weights and physical characteristics.

191.86 =(62% x 194.96 + 38% x  X )

where, X is the mass of other Isotope.

X     = (191.86  - 120.8752)/0 .38

       = 186.80

The initial radioisotope and the isotope that results from radioactive decay may not be the same. The atoms created by the reaction are known as daughter isotopes, whereas the original isotope is known as the parent isotope. It's possible to get different kinds of daughter isotopes.

As an illustration, the uranium atom is the parent isotope and the thorium atom is the daughter isotope when U-238 decays into Th-234.

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3.3 g of hydrogen gas will be produced.

Stoichiometry helps to measure quantitative relationships between the amounts of products and reactants that are given in a reaction.

The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.

Now we have to write the balanced equation

Mg + 2HNO₃  → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂

According to Stoichiometry

[tex]40.9\ \text{g Mg} \times \frac{1\ \text{mol Mg}}{24.31\ \text{g Mg}} \times \frac{1\ \text{mol}\ H_2}{1\ \text{mol Mg}} \times \frac{2.02\ g\ H_2}{1\ \text{mol}\ H_2}[/tex]

= 3.3 g H₂

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 3.3 g of hydrogen gas will be produced.

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Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.

Partial pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by individual gas constituents that makes up a mixture of gases.

According to Dalton's law of partial pressures which states that the total pressure by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each of the constituent gases.

This can be represented mathematically by the following:

P = P1 + P2

Where P = total pressure

P1 = partial pressure of gas 1

P2 = partial pressure of gas 2.

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In a mining community, water pollution kills the fish in local river.

Large amounts of water are frequently used in mining, which has the potential to contaminate local groundwater, rivers, streams, and other water sources. A community's ability to grow its own food may be hampered by mining since it consumes grazing or agricultural land and pollutes the soil and the environment.

Metals that leach from the rock also contaminate nearby water sources when they do so. chemical processing pollution: When minerals are extracted from their ores using cyanide or sulfuric acid and water, the runoff pollutes the rivers in the area.

Through erosion and sedimentation, dewatering of wetlands, diverting and channelizing streams, and poisoning surface water and aquifers with harmful chemicals, surface mining can have an impact on fish and aquatic resources.

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

Based on the calculations, the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is equal to: C. -14.3 kJ.

A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process that involves the continuous transformation (rearrangement) of the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element by breaking down and forming chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound while new bonds are formed.

A chemical equation can be defined as a group of chemical symbols that is typically used in chemistry to represent the chemical reaction between two (2) or more chemical elements.

Mathematically, an expression for enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is given by:

ΔHrxn = (n × ΔH₃) + (-n × ΔH₁) + (n × ΔH₂)

Where:

n represents the number of moles.

Substituting the given points into the formula, we have;

ΔHrxn = (2 × ΔH₃) + (-1 × ΔH₁) + (1 × ΔH₂)

ΔHrxn = (2 × (-92.3)) + (-1 × (-74.6)) + (1 × (-95.7))

ΔHrxn = -184.6 + 74.6 + 95.7

ΔHrxn = -14.3 kJ.

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Answer:

E) 9.0

Explanation:

pH = -log [1×10^-9] = 9

The pressure of the gas if ethylene is supplied by a 51.6 l tank is 51.1355atm

The final pressure of the gas can be calculated by using the formula given by Boyle's law,

      P1V1 = P2V2

What is Boyle's law?

    Boyle's law relates the compression and expansion of gas at a constant temperature. It states that, At constant temperature the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the given mass of gas.

      P1V1 = P2V2

where,

P1 is the initial pressure

V1 is the initial volume

P2 is the final pressure and

V2 is the final volume.

Initial volume V1= 4122.8L

Initial pressure P1= 0.64atm

Final volume V2= 51.6L

Final pressure P2= ?

   0.64*4122.8= P2*51.6

   P2= 2638.592/51.6

   P2= 51.1355atm

Hence the final pressure of the gas is 51.1355atm

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Answer:

66 grams of carbon dioxide

C3H8+5O2=3CO2+4H2O