Harmful alleles happen to stay in a population because they get linked to the beneficial alleles.
Alleles are basically the two different copies of the same gene and are found in the population. The allelic frequency of a particular population may or may not change over a period of time. The harmful alleles which are responsible for causing various diseases stay in the population as they sometimes get linked to the beneficial genes.
The natural selection is not able to eliminate diseases. Although, it helps in producing the progenies and also selecting individuals which have desirable traits but this is not equivalent to the absence of diseases from a population.
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this muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. it is responsible for closing the jaw.
Masseter muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. it is responsible for closing the jaw.
What is zygomatic?
A pair of bones in the human skull called the zygomatic bone, commonly referred to as the cheekbone, creates the prominence of the cheek. It is situated above the maxilla (upper jaw), the temporal bone, and the orbit, which lies below (side of the skull).
The zygomatic arch, which connects the temporal bone to the maxilla and creates the lateral border of the temporal fossa, is one of the components of the zygomatic bone (a depression on the side of the skull). The zygomatic bone, which supports the cheeks and aids in defining the contour of the face, is a key component of facial anatomy.
The masseter muscle is the one you're referring to. It is one of the primary chewing muscles and lifts the mandible (lower jaw) to allow the mouth to close. The masseter muscle attaches to the angle and ramus (vertical section) of the mandible after originating from the zygomatic arch (cheekbone).
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what is the genotype of person a in the pedigree (genotype)?
Genotype of person A in the pedigree (genotype) A with phenotype rr (homozygous recessive) is inability to roll the tongue.
The ability to roll one's tongue is a genetic trait governed by a single gene with two alleles, one dominant and one recessive. The dominant allele (R) creates a functional protein that allows tongue rolling, whereas the recessive allele (r) creates a non-functional protein that prevents tongue rolling.
Individuals who are homozygous recessive for this trait (rr) do not produce the protein required for tongue rolling and thus cannot roll their tongue. This is referred to as a recessive trait because it is only manifested when a person inherits two copies of the recessive allele (one from each parent).
Individuals with this trait who are heterozygous (Rr) have one dominant allele and one recessive allele. They produce enough protein to allow tongue rolling, so they can roll their tongue. They do, however, carry a copy of the recessive allele and can pass it on to their children.
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Correct form of question would be:
what is the genotype of person A in the pedigree (genotype)?
Click on image tab for pedigree chart
What is the difference between hawks and eagles?
Answer:
Explanation:
Eagles are much larger than hawks, and have longer wingspans. Hawks have a similar appearance, but if you look carefully, you will notice that the wings of hawks tend to be more rounded, and they have short, broad, rounded tails and a stocky build
Which cell size is the most efficient at exchanging materials with the environment?
Small size is basically the most efficient in exchanging the materials with the environment.
A small size is more efficient in exchanging the materials with its environment as there is an increase in the size of the cell, this efficiency is found to be decreasing.
A cell of small size would be more efficient as once the material from the environment enters the cell, it gets more evenly distributed internally in the cell. In the bigger cells, the concentration of materials is found to be greater near the periphery as compared to near the center and therefore the cell would basically have to even out the concentration gradient in order to allow more amount of material to enter.
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Which level of biodiversity may still be reduced after a species recovers from a threat to its survival?
a. ecosystem diversity
b. genetic diversity
c. population diversity
d. species diversity
A species' genetic diversity still may decline even after it has overcome a threat towards its survival.
Through the mutations that occur over several generations, genetic variety will only gradually be restored. Because of this, a species in danger of extinction may still be at risk even after its population number has increased. An ecosystem's productivity (the quantity of food energy turned into biomass) and the quality of its services both decline when biodiversity declines (which often include maintaining the soil, purifying water that runs through it, and supplying food and shade, etc.). Three levels that diversity are frequently mentioned in scientific discourse: species, genetic, or ecosystem diversity. In actuality, these levels are inseparable. Each has a significant role in the interactions and influences of others.
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lipids are organic nutrient molecules that multiple choice question. provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production. contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. store genetic information used to synthesize proteins. provide a cell with structural support.
The varied class of hydrophobic, nonpolar, and energetically dense chemical compounds known as lipids.
A cell is what?The smallest component of all living things, including human tissue, that is capable of independent existence. The cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm make up a cell's three basic structural components.
What is cellular matter?A cell is a collection of cytoplasm that has a cell membrane surrounding it on the outside. All living things are made up of cells, which are the simplest structural components of living things and are typically microscopic in size. The majority of cells include one or more nuclei as well as other organelles that perform a range of functions.
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what is the central dogma? rna is transcribed into dna, which is translated into protein.
The central dogma is a fundamental principle in molecular biology that describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the genetic information that encodes the instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of all living organisms.
The information in DNA is transcribed into RNA (ribonucleic acid) by a process called transcription. RNA is a single-stranded molecule that is similar in structure to DNA.
The RNA molecule is then translated into a protein by a process called translation. Proteins are the primary functional molecules in cells and perform a wide range of functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions, providing structural support, and facilitating cell communication.
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Five seconds into her run, Selina sees a rabbit and decides to chase it. She accelerates at a rate of 0.1m/s2. What would be her pace at 10s? Show your work.
Answer:
v = u + at
where
v is the final velocity
u is the initial velocity
a is the acceleration
t is the time
v = 0 + (0.1 m/s^2) × 10 s
v = 1 m/s
Therefore, Selina's velocity after 10 seconds of accelerating at 0.1 m/s^2 is 1 m/s.
what is the new synthetic nucleotides have been inserted into e. coli bacteria to increase the number of they can produce, which can help with the development of new drugs and other applications?
To boost the quantity of amino acids that e. coli bacteria can manufacture, new synthetic nucleotides have been added, which may aid in the creation of novel drugs medicines and other uses.
A collection of procedures known as DNA recombinant technology are employed in molecular biology laboratories to create organisms that may express alien exogenous nucleotide sequences, in this instance novel amino acids in bacteria.
This information demonstrates the value of DNA recombinant technology in the creation of novel proteins. With a few additional base pairs in its sleeve, San Diego-based synthetic biology startup Synthorx is entering the drug discovery game. With a larger DNA alphabet and the addition of synthetic nucleotides, it is creating novel biologic medications.
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Correct Question:
Fill in the blank: New synthetic nucleotides have been inserted into e. coli bacteria to increase the number of _____ they can produce, which can help with the development of new drugs and other applications.
Which process is directly responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate molecules?a. digestionb. excretionc. respirationd. circulation
Respiration is the process which is responsible for synthesizing ATP or the adenosine triphosphate.
The correct option is option c.
Cellular respiration or respiration is basically defined as a series of chemical reactions which happen to break down the glucose in order to produce the ATP, which is then used as a source of energy by the cells which are present in our body in order to power a number of reactions reactions throughout the body.
There are three major steps which occur during cellular respiration. These steps are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, as well as the oxidative phosphorylation.
Hence, option c is correct.
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If you wanted to isolate a copy of the gene that codes for protein found in the stomach, could that gene be located in cheek cells?
Yes, every single bodily cell of an organism contains all of its DNA.
Yet, because the stomach protein is distinct and not present in cheek cells, mRNA from those cells is unable to transfer the gene's Gene sequence to the stomach proteins for synthesis. Cheek cells are used to harvest DNA because they include a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other organelles. This DNA, which contains genetic information inherited from the preceding generation, is stored in the nucleus. Purified water is used to harvest cheek cells, which are then added to a saline or soap solution. Alcohol causes the DNA to precipitate out of the solution, making the DNA visible.
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How many chromatids and how many strands of DNA are present in paired homologous chromosomes? A. 4 chromatids and 8 strands of DNA B. 8 chromatids and 8 strands of DNA C. 4 chromatids and 2 strands of DNA D. 12 chromatids and 12 strands of DNA E. 6 chromatids and 12 strands of DNA
Paired homologous chromosomes consist of two chromatids, each of which has a single DNA strand. Paired homologous chromosomes have 4 chromatids and 2 DNA strands. Here option C is the correct answer.
However, since each chromatid contains a single DNA strand, the total number of DNA strands in paired homologous chromosomes is 4 as well.
Option A, which suggests that paired homologous chromosomes contain 8 DNA strands, is incorrect. Similarly, option B, which suggests that paired homologous chromosomes contain 8 chromatids and 8 DNA strands, is also incorrect.
Option D, which suggests that paired homologous chromosomes contain 12 chromatids and 12 DNA strands, is incorrect as well. Option E, which suggests that paired homologous chromosomes contain 6 chromatids and 12 DNA strands, is also incorrect. Therefore, the total number of chromatids in paired homologous chromosomes is 4.
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What pathways would be necessary to carry you to the leaves of these trees. A)All of the above. B)apoplastic C) bulk flow D) symplastic E) transmembrane.
All of the above pathways would be necessary to carry you to the leaves of these trees.
The apoplastic pathway involves the movement of water and solutes through the extracellular space, including cell walls and the intercellular spaces, while the symplastic pathway involves the movement of water and solutes through the interconnected cytoplasm of cells via plasmodesmata. The transmembrane pathway involves the movement of water and solutes across the plasma membranes of cells.
Bulk flow, which is the movement of water and solutes through the xylem and phloem, is also necessary to transport water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves of trees. Therefore, all of these pathways are necessary to transport water, nutrients, and other solutes to the leaves of trees for photosynthesis and other metabolic processes.
Hence, the correct option is 5.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
What pathways would be necessary to carry you to the leaves of these trees.
1. apoplastic 2. bulk flow 3. symplastic 4. transmembrane 5.All of the above
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what is muscles of the face labeled?
Muscles of facial expression include frontalis, orbicularis oris, laris oculi, buccinator, and zygomaticus.
The facial muscles, also known as craniofacial muscles, are a collection of approximately 20 flat skeletal muscles located beneath the skin of the face and scalp. The majority of them begin in the skull's bones or fibrous structures and radiate to the skin.
With the exception of the buccinator muscle, they are not wrapped by a fascia like the other skeletal muscles. Facial muscles surround facial apertures (mouth, eye, nose, and ear) or stretch over the skull and neck.
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The thymus functions strictly in maturation of B cells. T or F.
Answer: true
Explanation: The thymus functions strictly in maturation of B cells
review figure 8-23. How well does the diagram represent the levels of organization of molecular organisms? how could the model be improved?
The model of the levels of organization of multicellular organisms described as Neuron -> Nerve tissue -> Brain -> Nervous system is a simplified representation of the organization of the nervous system. It is generally accurate, but it oversimplifies the complexity of the nervous system and its organization.
What are neurons?Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system, and they form nerve tissue by aggregating together. However, the nervous system includes many different types of nerve tissue, such as sensory nerves, motor nerves, and interneurons, that have different functions and structures. The brain is one part of the nervous system, but it is not the only part. The nervous system also includes the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and other structures.
Therefore, while the model provides a basic understanding of the hierarchical organization of the nervous system, it could be improved by providing more detail and accuracy. For example, the model could be expanded to include additional levels of organization, such as the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, to more accurately represent the organization of the nervous system. Additionally, the model could include more detailed illustrations or descriptions of the different types of nerve tissue and their functions. Overall, the model could be improved by providing a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the levels of organization in the nervous system.
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how many calories in a chocolate covered strawberry
A calorie is a measurement used to find the amount of energy an individual gets from food. About 34 calories are present in a chocolate-covered strawberry.
The measurement used to quantify the amount of energy in food is the calorie. It is a measure of energy that is required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
It is mentioned on some nutrition labels that there are about 170 calories present in about 5 chocolate-covered strawberries. This calorie is broken down into 75% (14.84g) of fat, 23% (10.4g) of carbs, and 2% (0.73g) of protein.
Then, a single chocolate-covered strawberry contains about,
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{5 strawberries}&=\mathrm{170\;calories}\\\text{1 strawberry}&=\frac{\mathrm{170\;calories}}{5}\\&=\mathrm{34\;calories}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The required answer is 34 calories.
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Of the following choices, which can be a product of a catabolic reaction? a. a nucleic acid like RNA b. a lipid like cholesterol c. an amino acid like
An amino acid such as tryptophan, which can be a product of a catabolic reaction.
What is catabolic reaction?A metabolic event known as a catabolic process occurs when larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones. A catabolic process releases ATP as energy, which may be used to fuel future metabolic reactions.
Examples of catabolic processes include the breakdown of proteins into amino acids, the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars, and the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids. Each of these reactions results in the release of energy as ATP, and ATP may be used to fuel more metabolic activities.
An example of an amino acid produced via a catabolic process is the amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is produced as proteins are broken down during a catabolic process.
Catabolic reactions also produce simple sugars such as glucose, fatty acids like oleic acid, and nucleotides like adenine.
Thus, an amino acid such as tryptophan, which can be a product of a catabolic reaction.
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The complete question is as follows:
Of the following choices, which can be a product of a catabolic reaction?
a. a nucleic acid like RNA
b. a lipid like cholesterol
c. an amino acid like tryptophan
d. a complex carbohydrate like cellulose
e. a motor protein like myosin
In the noncyclic pathway, electrons are moved from _____ to _____a. CO2 & waterb. water & NADPH+c. NADPH+ & O2 gasd. O2 gas & water
The noncyclic process involves the transfer of electrons via water to NADP+.
Electrons travel from H2O through PSII to PSI and subsequently to NADP+ in the noncyclic pathway. Light is absorbed by photopigments in Photosystem II's antenna complexes during light-dependent noncyclic photophosphorylation reactions, and excitons from the reaction centre are taken up by the principal acceptor of a Photosystem II electron transportation chain. The granal thylakoid area of chloroplast is where non-cyclic phosphorylation takes occur. The process of non-cyclic kinase involves two photosystems, Photosystem-I and Photosystem-II. Photosystem II accepts the liberated electrons from the oxidation of water. In the quasi transport pathway, electrons are delivered in this manner. Here is how oxygen works.
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An airplane, starting from rest, accelerates at 5.0 ft/s/s down a runway for 30 seconds what will be the distance that the airplane goes during the time
The distance that the airplane goes during the time is found to be 2,736 meters when it has an acceleration of t 5.0 ft/s/s down a runway for 30 seconds.
What is Acceleration?Acceleration may be characterized as the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. It is a type of vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
According to the question,
The speed of an airplane = 5.0 ft/s/s. = 91.2 m/sec
The time taken by an airplane = 30 seconds.
The distance of an airplane is calculated with the help of the following:
Speed = Distance/Time taken.Distance = Speed × Time taken
= 91.2 × 30 = 2,736 meters.
Therefore, the distance that the airplane goes during the time is found to be 2,736 meters.
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According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the A) end-product must not be in excess. B) substrate must bind to the enzyme. C) substrate must bind to the repressor. D) repressor must bind to the operator. E) repressor must not be synthesized.
According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur: D) repressor must bind to the operator.
In an inducible operon, the repressor protein binds to the operator Region, which is located near the promoter of the operon, preventing RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and initiating Transcription. The inducer molecule, which is usually the substrate of the Enzyme encoded by the operon, binds to the repressor, causing a Conformational change that prevents the repressor from binding to the operator.
This allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and initiate Transcription of the genes encoding the enzyme.
Therefore, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the Repressor must first be bound to the operator, and then the inducer must Bind to the repressor, causing it to release from the operator and Allowing transcription to occur.
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I need help coming up with a conclusion please and thanks:
Test against critical values, and state conclusion
In statistical hypothesis testing, one of the final steps is to test the obtained test statistic against critical values and draw a conclusion
This process helps us determine whether the observed result is statistically significant and provides evidence to support or reject the null hypothesis.
If the obtained test statistic falls outside the critical values, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. This means that the observed result is unlikely to have occurred by chance, and we can conclude that there is a significant difference or relationship between the variables being tested.
On the other hand, if the obtained test statistic falls within the critical values, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This suggests that the observed result is likely due to chance, and we cannot conclude that there is a significant difference or relationship between the variables.
It is important to note that statistical hypothesis testing is just one tool in the broader field of statistics, and it should be used in conjunction with other methods to draw meaningful conclusions about data. Additionally, it is crucial to carefully consider the assumptions and limitations of the chosen test and to interpret the results in context to ensure accurate and informative conclusions.
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Muscle cells can produce molecules which can influence gene expression called
A. heat shock proteins.
B. myokines.
C. cytokines.
Answer:
C sorry if I'm wrong
step by step explanation
What are the 22 bones of the skull
The 22 bones of the skull are: Frontal bone, Parietal bones (2), Temporal bones (2), Occipital bone, Sphenoid bone, Ethmoid bone, Nasal bones (2), Lacrimal bones (2), Zygomatic bones (2), Maxillae bones (2), Palatine bones (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), Vomer bone.
These bones are responsible for protecting the brain, supporting the face, and housing the sensory organs. Bones, also known as osteology, it is a field that explores the anatomy, structure, and function of bones in the human body, as well as in other animals.
Osteology encompasses a wide range of topics, including the skeletal system, bone growth and development, bone biomechanics, bone diseases and disorders, and forensic anthropology, among others. It is an interdisciplinary field that draws upon knowledge from biology, anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and other related fields.
One key area of study in osteology is the identification and analysis of skeletal remains, which can provide important information about the health, lifestyle, and demographic characteristics of individuals or populations from the past. For example, the study of bones can reveal information about age, sex, stature, and even certain diseases or injuries.
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which term best describes the water combined with powder to make lemonade?
Solvent is the term that best describes the water combined with powder to make lemonade.
Lemonade is a solution made up by combining two components- water and a solute (powder here). Generally, a solution has two main components made up by solute and solvent. While powder is the solute here, water is the solvent. The component is larger quantity is the solvent, whereas the one with comparatively lesser quantity is a solute. Moreover, a solute is often a solid form, while solvent is generally a liquid.
The solutions are homogenous mixtures of two or more substances. Homogenous mixtures are the ones that have no residual substances settled or set free in it. The individual components of such mixtures cannot be seperated using the physical methods. They can either be seperated chemically. The particles of such solutions cannot be seen physically but can only be considered under a microscope.
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Synaptic communication between two neurons usually occurs via ____.a.direct contactb.molecular transductionc.chemical messengersd.electrical signaling
Option c is Correct. Synaptic communication among the two neurons usually occurs at chemical messengers. Neuromuscular junctions are synaptic connections between muscle cells and neurons.
The electrical "action potentials" and chemical neurotransmitters used by neurons to interact with one another. A chemical neurotransmitter is released by neuron A as a result of an action potential at the connection (synapse) between the two neurons.
Synapses are microscopic openings where communication between neurons takes place. Here, specific sections of the two cells (presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons) are brought close enough to one another to allow for chemical transfer. The synapse, also known as the neuronal junction, is the location where nerve impulses are sent between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector).
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Correct Question:
Synaptic communication between two neurons usually occurs via ____.
a. direct contact
b. molecular transduction
c. chemical messengers
d. electrical signaling.
A process that releases heat, such as freezing or condensing is called A. endothermic B. nonthermic C. low temperature D. exothermic
On the off chance that intensity is eliminated from a substance, for example, in freezing and buildup, then, at that point, the cycle is exothermic. The correct answer is (D).
In this occurrence, heat is diminishing the speed of the particles causing them to move more slowly (models: fluid to strong; gas to fluid). These progressions discharge intensity to the environmental elements. An affidavit is the stage of progress in which gas changes into strong without going through the fluid stage. The statement is a thermodynamic interaction. The opposite of the statement is sublimation and consequently, the time testimony is called desublimation.
In buildup as well as in freezing, heat energy is delivered (temperature diminished) and consequently the dynamic energy of particles diminishes, and gas changes to fluid and strong in this manner.
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Why would tertiary consumers have the highest concentrations of toxins?
Answer: Because the amount of non-biodegradable toxic substances accumulated within an organism's body increases higher up the food chain, or as we go higher up the trophic levels.
Explanation:
Please help with my science work!
How is fitness determined in the biological sense?
What is the mechanism of evolution?
Answer: To an evolutionary biologist, fitness simply means reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment.
Explanation: Biological or Darwinian fitness is defined based on the specimen's ability to reproduce and generate viable offspring.
based on the systems approach employed by the encode project, what percentage of the genome is estimated to be transcribed at some point in at least one cell type?
Current analysis indicates that less than 2% of the human genome codes for proteins. Based on the systems approach employed by the ENCODE project ,about 75% of the genome is estimated to be transcribed at some point in at least one cell type
The interdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive sets of interconnected, interdependent components that can be natural or man-made, is known as systems theory. Every system has causal limits, is influenced by its surroundings, is characterized by its structure, function, and role, and expresses itself through its interactions with other systems. A system becomes "greater than the sum of its parts" when it exhibits synergy or emergent behavior.
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Full Question: Current analysis indicates that less than 2% of the human genome codes for proteins. Based on the systems approach employed by the ENCODE project, what percentage of the genome is estimated to be transcribed at some point in at least one cell type?