Answer:
Paleoproterozoic age
Explanation:
What blood system is often tested to either establish or dispute paternity? A. HLA B. ABO C. Rh D. Duffy
Testing of HLA blood cells is frequently used to confirm or refute paternity. through the use of several red cell epitope systems and the incorporation of more research on various blood types.
What do blood cells do?The major job of the red blood cell is to transport oxygen from our lungs and distribute it all throughout our body. Moreover, red blood cells carry wastes like atmospheric co2 back to the lungs for exhalation.
Why do blood cells form?Your bone marrow, a spongy substance located inside the spaces of a number of your big bones, is where the majority of red blood, particularly red blood cells, is regularly created. Your body requires iron, vitamin B-12, folate, or other minerals from the foods you eat to make hemoglobin and red blood cells.
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What are the similarities and differences between the lactase persistence mutations found in African populations and the ones found in European populations? (Consider, for example, type of mutation, location, function.)
Lactase persistence is a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, the sugar in milk, into adulthood. The mutations that lead to lactase persistence are found in different populations worldwide, including in African and European populations.
The lactase persistence mutations found in African and European populations are similar in that they both involve changes in the regulatory region of the LCT gene, which controls the production of lactase enzymes.
However, the specific type of mutation and location of the mutation differs. The lactase persistence mutation found in African populations is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located 13,910 base pairs upstream of the LCT gene.
In contrast, the mutation found in European populations is a 14,710 base pair insertion located within the same regulatory region. Additionally, the frequency of lactase persistence and the distribution of lactase persistence genotypes differ between African and European populations.
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The main trait that animals have in common with plants and fungi is that they are all multicellular eukaryotes. Which of these traits distinguishes animals from plants and fungi?A. A neck, Interlocking ribs, Flat head with eyes on topAnimals usually ingest their food first, before they digest it.B. New World Monkeys (Western Hemisphere is referred to as the New World).C. Animals usually ingest their food first, before they digest it.D. A much shorter hip bone that is broader from front to back and wraps around the side.
The correct option is C ; Animals usually ingest their food first, before they digest it.
The most striking similarity between fungi, plants, and animals is that they are all living organisms belonging to the domain Eukarya, which means they are all composed of eukaryotic cells.
These are cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and a variety of functional organelles that serve the entire organism. The most striking similarity between fungi, plants, and animals is that they are all living organisms belonging to the domain Eukarya, which means they are all composed of eukaryotic cells. These are cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and a variety of functional organelles that serve the entire organism.
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create a memory device to remember how nitrogenous bases in dna are always paired together:
A memory device to remember how nitrogenous bases in DNA are always paired together could be the phrase "ATCG: Always Together, Complementary and Grand".
The first letter of each word in the phrase corresponds to the four nitrogenous bases in DNA: A for adenine, T for thymine, C for cytosine, and G for guanine. The phrase serves as a reminder that these four bases are always paired together in a complementary and grand way.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all living organisms. It is made up of four nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA.
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NEED ASAP
What enzyme is used to make ADP into ATP? A. Phosphorylase B. ADP synthase C. Ribonuclease D. ATP synthase
Answer:
D. ATP synthase
Answer:
D. ATP Synthase
Explanation:
Most of the ATP in cells is produced by the enzyme ATP synthase, which converts ADP and phosphate to ATP.
what age old concept was darwin able to dispell with his research
Darwin was able to dispel the concept of fixity of species with his research.
This is an age-old concept which was widely accepted by many people, namely that the characteristics of each species of organism were fixed and could not change.
Darwin was able to offer proof that species might evolve through time and that this change was brought about by natural selection.
He proposed that environmental forces might cause genetic alterations in species, which can result in the emergence of new species. Moreover, he was able to demonstrate that the distinctions between species were not necessarily stable but may change throughout time.
These data suggested that species were dynamic and subject to long-term change. Darwin was able to offer proof that the species on Earth have changed over time owing to natural selection and have developed through time.
This ran counter to the traditional idea of a species' fixity, which was generally held at the time.
Complete Question:
What age-old concept was Darwin able to dispel with his research?
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explain why the polypeptide produced when the transformed bacteria
Polypeptides created during bacterial transformation that translate transferred eukaryotic mRNA which are the examples of this.
The fact that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms may employ the same codon scheme and the almost universal genetic code is proof that all living things share a common ancestor. The process of translating an mRNA molecule's nucleotide sequence into the amino acid sequence that makes up a polypeptide or protein is known as translation. The rRNA and tRNA molecules are not translated during translation; only the mRNA molecule is belonged to it.
The genetic code is nearly universal, and the same codon system can be employed for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, therefore the polypeptides created by the translation of eukaryotic mRNAs processed by imported eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells must have the same amino acid sequence.
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Correct Question:
Referring to the figures provided, explain why the polypeptide produced when the transformed bacteria translate the introduced eukaryotic mRNA provides evidence for the common ancestry of all living organisms.
why is the pcr assay a more sensitive and specific test than the coliforms culture test?
PCR assay targets specific DNA sequences, while coliform culture test relies on growth-based detection, making PCR more sensitive and specific.
What is PCR assay?PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay is a laboratory technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences using thermal cycling, allowing for the production of many copies of a target DNA segment. This is achieved by adding specific primers that flank the target sequence and a thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme to a sample containing the target DNA.
The reaction is cycled through three temperatures, allowing for the denaturation, annealing, and extension of the DNA strands, resulting in an exponential amplification of the target sequence that can be detected and analyzed for various applications in research, diagnostics, and forensics.
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describe how the practice you identified in (c)(i) leads to elevated nitrate levels in groundwater
Increased groundwater nitrate levels are caused by the practice you mentioned in the usage of fertilizers raises the levels of nitrate in groundwater because the fertilizers filter into the groundwater, which raises the nitrate levels.
Excessive nitrate concentrations in water can be caused by runoff or leakage from fertilized soil, wastewater, landfills, livestock feedlots, septic systems, or urban drainage. Due to the wide range of potential sources, it can be challenging to identify where the nitrate in drinking water originates.
Nitrate levels in groundwater rise as a result of excessive irrigation because it causes more nitrate to be lost through leaching, which lowers the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization.
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Correct Question:
Describe how the practice you identified in leads to elevated nitrate levels in groundwater.
The Manx cat has a very short or no tail due to a dominant trait T. Cats who inherit one dominant (T) and one recessive (t) allele will be tailless (Manx). Cats who are homozygous recessive will have normal, long tails. However, the homozygous dominant condition (TT) is lethal—the embryo will not develop. If two Manx cats breed, what are the chances of Manx offspring or kittens with long tails?
In the event that two Manx cats breed, the offspring will be tailless (Manx); cats with homozygous recessive alleles will have normal, long tails.
Nevertheless, because the homozygous dominant condition (TT) is fatal, there is no possibility that an embryo will develop and no kittens with long tails or Manx descendants will be born.
Due to a dominant characteristic T, the Manx cat has an extremely short tail or none at all. cats will be short-haired if they receive one dominant (T) and one recessive (t) gene (Manx). Homozygous recessive cats will have typical, long tails. The homozygous dominant condition (TT), however, is fatal since the embryo will not grow.
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what is the role of nadh and fadh2 in cellular respiration
During the process of cellular respiration, NADH and FADH2 serve as electron transporters. High energy electrons from the carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds in glucose are transported by them to the electron.
Transport chain, where they are then moved through a series of redox processes to the terminal electron acceptor of oxygen. NADH and FADH2 serve as electron donors for the electron transport chain. They both contribute electrons to the electron transport chain by giving the oxygen molecule a hydrogen molecule in order to produce water.
For the generation of aerobic ATP, NADH supplies electrons. NADH buildup can be harmful in cells that lack oxygen or have decreased electron transport chain performance. Elevated NADH blocks the traditional NADH-producing pathways, including the oxidation of fat, glutamine, and glucose, to reduce this toxicity.
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the swine flu virus can only infect pigs and humans. why can't it infect other species?
The swine flu virus is an influenza virus that is specific to the species of swine, which are animals such as pigs, hogs, and boars.
It is believed that the virus originally evolved from a combination of avian and human influenza viruses, and this is why it is able to infect both pigs and humans. However, the virus has not been found to be able to infect any other species. This is because the virus has only evolved to be able to attach to specific cell receptors that are found on the surface of pig and human cells. These cell receptors are part of the immune system and act as doorways to the cell, allowing the virus to enter and begin the infection process. Other species, such as cats and dogs, do not have the same cell receptors as humans and pigs, and therefore the virus is unable to enter their cells and cause an infection.
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how does the concept of descent with modification explain both the unity and diversity of life
The concept of descent with modification, also known as evolution by natural selection, explains both the unity and diversity of life.
According to this concept, natural selection has caused all living creatures to alter through time as a result of their shared progenitor.
As all living things have a common progenitor and have developed from the same source, this process explains the oneness of life. Natural selection permits the survival of various features and species in various situations, resulting in increased variation, and it also explains the diversity of life.
There is a greater diversity of species and ecosystems as a result of the creatures that survive throughout time being those that are most adapted to the environment they are in.
Derivation with modification, which is how all species have developed over time, therefore explains both the unity and variety of life.
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what the term that describes a bacteriophage infection in which the host bacteria are lysed and killed by the infection?
To prepare viruses for vaccine production. To investigate the biology of viruses. Choose the term that describes a bacteriophage infection in which the infection lyses and kills the host bacteria. Lytic.
Bacteriophages with small RNA or DNA genomes produce single proteins known as amurins, which cause lysis by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. The phage replicates and lyses the host cell during the lytic cycle. During the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome and passed down to future generations. Environmental stressors like starvation or toxic chemical exposure can cause the prophage to excise and enter the lytic cycle.
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slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area is called___
slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area is called microvilli .
Cells that are involved in absorption or secretion, such as those lining the small intestine and kidney tubules, have microvilli on their surfaces. They expand the plasma membrane's surface area, enabling chemicals to be absorbed or secreted more effectively. Actin filaments make up microvilli, which are sustained by a protein network immediately below the plasma membrane. Compared to cilia and flagella, two other cellular extensions involved in movement and sensory processes, they are generally shorter. The apical surfaces of polarised epithelial cells include microvilli, which increase the surface area of the cell exposed to the lumen to improve absorption and secretion.
Thousands of densely packed microvilli protrude from each tiny intestinal epithelial cell into the gut lumen.
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Which form of energy is Not correctly associated with an example? a) kinetic energy : fat molecules
b) kinetic energy : movement of muscles
c) chemical energy : glucose
d) potential energy : water held behind a dam
e) potential energy : ATP
Answer:
A) Kinetic energy: fat molecules is not correctly associated
Explanation:
A) Kinetic energy: fat molecules is not correctly associated
Fat molecules have chemical potential energy, which can be converted into kinetic energy when the body metabolizes them for fuel. Kinetic energy is associated with movement, so options B (movement of muscles) and E (ATP) are correctly associated. Chemical energy is stored in molecules such as glucose, so option C is correctly associated. Potential energy is associated with energy that is stored in an object or system, so options D (water held behind a dam) and E (ATP) are correctly associated.
Answer:
Option (a) is not correctly associated as fat molecules are a form of potential energy rather than kinetic energy. Fat molecules contain stored chemical energy that can be converted into kinetic energy during metabolism or other processes.
The correct association for option (a) would be "potential energy: fat molecules".
where is the uterus located
The uterus, also known as the womb, is a female reproductive organ that is located in the pelvis, between the bladder and rectum.
It is a hollow, muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear and is about the size of a small fist. The uterus is connected to the vagina through the cervix, which is the lower narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. The uterus is an important organ for reproduction. It is where a fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus during pregnancy. The muscular walls of the uterus also contract during childbirth to help expel the fetus from the body. The uterus is regulated by hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, which control the menstrual cycle and other reproductive processes.
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what method of virus transmission would likely result in the greatest spread of disease?
Airborne transmission may be possible in certain situations and settings where procedures or support treatments that produce aerosols are carried out.
Such as endotracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, open suctioning, administration of nebulized treatment, manual ventilation prior to intubation, turning the patient to the prone position, disconnecting the patient from the ventilator, non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation, tracheostomy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
There is some proof that COVID-19 infection can cause intestinal infection and can be found in faeces. Unfortunately, only one study to far has successfully cultivated the COVID-19 virus from a single stool sample. 9 To date, there have been no reports of the COVID-19 virus being transmitted by faeces and/or oral fluids.
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in addition to naming species, linnaeus also grouped species into a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories. the largest category that would include closely related species is the:_____.
What does the trunk of the classic phylogenetic tree represent?A. homologous traitsB. Old SpeciesC. Evolutionary HistoryD. single common ancestor
The trunk of the classic phylogenetic tree represents the single common ancestor. Phylogenetic trees are graphical representations of the evolutionary relationships among species. (Option D)
The tree structure consists of branches that represent the divergence of lineages from a common ancestor. The trunk, or base, of the tree, represents the earliest point of divergence, where the first split occurred between two groups of organisms that share a single common ancestor. The trunk represents the origin of life on Earth, and as the branches extend outward, they represent the diversification of life over time through speciation events.
The tips of the branches represent modern-day species or groups of species that are related to each other through common ancestry. Therefore, the trunk of the phylogenetic tree is the most fundamental representation of the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
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Of the following choices, which can be a product of a catabolic reaction?a. a nucleic acid like RNAb. a lipid like cholesterolc. an amino acid like tryptophand. a complex carbohydrate like cellulosee. a motor protein like myosin
An amino acid like tryptophan can be a product of a catabolic reaction.
The correct option is C.
What is a catabolic reaction example?The digestion of food, testing phase, and glycolysis are some of the most well-known instances of catabolic processes. Large organic molecules including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are broken down into smaller ones during these processes.
What does a catabolic reaction serve as?The energy and materials required by anabolic processes are produced by catabolic reactions. The precise nature of these catabolic events varies from organism to organism; organisms may be characterized based on their main nutritional groups—their sources of energy and carbon.
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The complete question is -
Of the following choices, which can be a product of a catabolic reaction?
A- a nucleic acid like RNA
B- a lipid like cholesterol
C-an amino acid like tryptophan
D-a complex carbohydrate like cellulose
E- a motor protein like myosin
what kind are snakes in ohio
Queensnake, Kirtland's snake, copper-bellied watersnake, Lake Erie watersnake, red-bellied snake, eastern hog-nosed snake, eastern smooth earthsnake, common wormsnake, eastern foxsnake, eastern black kingsnake, eastern ribbonsnake, northern rough greensnake, etc. are all found in Ohio.
The longest and most prevalent species of snake in Ohio is this lanky one. Although they typically range in length from 4-6 feet, they can reach up to 7 feet long. The Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake, the Timber Rattlesnake, and the Northern Copperhead are the three poisonous snakes found in Ohio. The copperhead, massasauga, and timber rattlesnakes are the only three venomous snake species in Ohio. None of these reptiles are typical. Many snake infestations in basements and the foundations of outbuildings are a problem, as are sporadic encounters with a single snake.
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Cellular respiration project: analyzing cellular respiration. !! In this assignment, you will gather evidence to construct an explanation on how energy and matter move through the environment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. You will then conduct additional guided research to revise your explanation based on the new information you discover. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Cellular respiration is a process that allows organisms to produce energy to maintain life. The process involves a series of chemical reactions that use glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and the high energy molecule, ATP. Organisms, including plants, undergo cellular respiration to create energy that they can use to maintain life processes. Cellular respiration may be aerobic, a type of respiration that requires oxygen, or anaerobic, a type of respiration that can occur in an environment with no or minimal oxygen
Cellular respiration is a crucial process that allows organisms to produce energy to maintain life.
The process involves a series of chemical reactions that use glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and the high-energy molecule, ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration can occur in an environment with no or minimal oxygen.
In aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, with the release of energy in the form of ATP. This process occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and involves three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
In anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into lactic acid or ethanol, with the release of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and involves only one stage: glycolysis.
To analyze cellular respiration, you can gather evidence through experiments and observations. For example, you can measure the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced during aerobic respiration, or the amount of lactic acid or ethanol produced during anaerobic respiration. You can also conduct additional guided research to revise your explanation based on new information you discover.
In conclusion, cellular respiration is a vital process that allows organisms to produce energy to maintain life. It involves a series of chemical reactions that use glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic and anaerobic, each with its own unique processes and products.
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What changes would make Earth cooler?
Answer:
The following are the reasons that would make Earth cooler:-Explanation:
Reduce HVAC systemsObserve every dropPrefer non would productsCalculate carbon printA ______ is a mound of cells on a solid medium that represents the progeny from one original bacterial cell.
A.) Culture
B.) Colony
C.) Streak
D.) Quadrant
A colony is a mound of cells on a solid medium that represents the progeny from one original bacterial cell. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
What is the colony of bacterial cells?The colony of bacterial cells may be defined as a group or collections of bacteria that are derived from an identical mother cell. This means that a single mother cell reproduces in order to construct a group of genetically identical cells.
The process of separating a single bacterial cell from other cells and providing it space on a nutrient surface will allow that cell to grow into a mound of cells. This is known as a colony. If formed from a single cell, the colony contains cells from just that species.
Therefore, a colony is a mound of cells on a solid medium that represents the progeny from one original bacterial cell. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
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A centrifuged sample of blood shows the following volume fractions: 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets? A. 46% B 539 C.1% D.47%
1% of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets. So, option (c) is correct.
What is blood?
A tissue made up of white blood cells, platelets, red blood cells, and other elements suspended in liquid. Blood transports wastes and carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues.
What is leukocytes ?
Your body's defense against infection is provided by white blood cells, also referred to as leukocytes.
Therefore, 1% of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets. So, option (c) is correct.
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On the basis of energy requirement, which does NOT belong to the group? a. The Na/k pump. b. Pure water rushing into celery stalks and bulking them up. GLUTS moving glucose molecules from the bloodstream into cells. c. Spraying lysol in one room and over time smelling it in a room where is wasn't sprayed.
Celery stalks are inflated by pure water flowing through them, similar to how Lysol is sprayed in one area and gradually detected in another.
What is Lysol's mode of action?EDTA acts on Mg++ to disrupt the membrane. The cell wall becomes more permeable as a result. Since bacteria's cell walls are negatively charged, positively charged cations such as quaternary ammonium compounds are "attracted" to them (QAC). QACs diffuse through the cell wall after adhering to the cell surface.
What is the chemical disinfectants' mode of action?The author explains how disinfectants affect cells' energy metabolism, cytoplasmic membrane, and external membrane. These effects include membrane rupture, permeability loss, and cytoplasmic coagulation.
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During the last stages of a viral infection, B cells recognize antigens on the virus and help other immune cells destroy the virus. How will the immune system respond if the same virus invades again?
A. Memory B cells will respond quickly to the same antigens on the virus. B. Memory B cells will respond quickly to a different set of antigens on the virus. C. The immune system will respond to and clear the infection the same way as it did before. D. The immune system will mount a slow, minimal response to the infection, which will be more severe and longer lasting
When the same virus invades again, the memory B cells will respond quickly to the same antigens on the virus
Thus, the correct answer is A.
When а virus invаdes the body, the immune system responds by producing B cells, which аre а type of immune cell thаt recognizes аnd binds to specific аntigens on the virus. Аfter the infection is cleаred, some of these B cells become memory B cells, which remаin in the body аnd cаn quickly respond if the sаme virus invаdes аgаin. This аllows the immune system to mount а fаster аnd more effective response to the virus, preventing or reducing the severity of the infection.
Therefore, if the sаme virus invаdes аgаin, the memory B cells will respond quickly to the sаme аntigens on the virus, leаding to а fаster аnd more effective immune response.
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list the different functions of the skeletal systema
Answer:
- support body
- allow movement
- protect delicate internal organs
- give body shape and structure
4. which of your body structures was the sensory receptor in the reaction time test? what was the stimulus?\
Mechanoreceptors were the sensory receptors in the reaction time test. The stimulus was sound.
Mechanoreceptors are generally a type of somatosensory receptors in which which extracellular stimulus are relayed to intracellular signal transduction through mechanically gated ion channels.
Four major types of mechanoreceptors that are specialized enough to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension. Examples include Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel's disks, and Ruffini's corpuscles.
Stimulus generally means that causes a change in a reaction(biological).Sense organs for example the ear, and sensory receptors, like those in the skin, are generally sensitive to external stimuli such as sound and touch.
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A receptor that monitors stretch of the patellar tendon can be classified as A) mechanoreceptor and interoceptor. B) mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor. C) nociceptor and exteroceptor. D) baroreceptor and proprioceptor.
The correct option is option B. Mechanoreceptor and Propioreceptor.
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