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According to Frederick Thrasher, an interstitial group that originally formed spontaneously and then integrated through conflict is called a gang.

In his 1927 study, The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago, Thrasher analyzed the formation and behavior of street gangs in Chicago. Thrasher noted that gangs were not static entities and instead were constantly changing and evolving, as members came and went and new subgroups formed. He found that gangs often emerged as a response to social disorganization and poverty, offering a sense of belonging, protection, and identity to marginalized youth.In Thrasher's view, gangs were not inherently criminal or deviant, but rather reflected the broader social conditions in which they emerged.

He saw them as a product of social disorganization, resulting from rapid urbanization, migration, and the breakdown of traditional social structures. He argued that to understand gangs, we must look beyond their criminal activities and instead focus on the social, cultural, and economic factors that underpin their formation and behavior.

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In equation format, the Residual Dividend Model can be expressed as:
Dividend = Net Income - Retained Earnings for Optimal Capital Budget

The model that sets the dividend paid equal to net income minus the amount of retained earnings necessary to finance the firm's optimal capital budget is known as the Residual Dividend Model.

This model aligns with the objective of maximizing shareholder value by distributing excess cash to shareholders as dividends when the firm's internal reinvestment opportunities do not offer higher rates of return.

This implies that if the firm's internal investment opportunities do not offer higher returns than what shareholders could earn elsewhere, the excess cash should be distributed to shareholders as dividends.

In equation format, the Residual Dividend Model can be expressed as:

Dividend = Net Income - Retained Earnings for Optimal Capital Budget

By utilizing this model, firms can make informed decisions about cash distribution that align with the goal of maximizing shareholder value.

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Given that AcquirerCo's share price prior to the announcement was $20.00 and TargetCo has 25 million shares outstanding, the equity value in this structure is $125 million.

In a fixed exchange ratio structure, with TargetCo's shareholders receiving one share of AcquirerCo's common stock for every four shares of TargetCo's common stock, the equity value can be calculated by multiplying the number of shares TargetCo's shareholders will receive by AcquirerCo's share price.

In this scenario, TargetCo's shareholders will receive one share of AcquirerCo's common stock for every four shares of TargetCo's common stock. To determine the number of shares TargetCo's shareholders will receive, we divide the number of TargetCo's shares outstanding by four, which results in 6.25 million shares.

The equity value is calculated by multiplying the number of shares TargetCo's shareholders will receive by AcquirerCo's share price. In this case, the number of shares is 6.25 million, and AcquirerCo's share price is $20.00. Therefore, the equity value is obtained as $125 million.

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The object traveled a distance of 80 meters during the first 4 seconds.

To calculate the distance traveled by the object, we can use the formula:

Given that the object is moving at a constant speed of 20 m/s and the time is 4 seconds, we can substitute these values into the formula:

Therefore, the object traveled a distance of 80 meters during the first 4 seconds. This means that for every second, the object covers a distance of 20 meters since it is moving at a constant speed of 20 m/s. In the given time interval of 4 seconds, the object has covered a total distance of 80 meters.

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This is an example of a situational interview question.

The interviewer is presenting a hypothetical scenario to assess the candidate's problem-solving skills and ability to handle difficult situations in the workplace. The question aims to test the candidate's ability to address employee dissatisfaction and find solutions to improve productivity. A good response would involve a thoughtful approach to understanding the root cause of the issue, communication with the colleague and subordinates involved, and implementing strategies to improve morale and performance.

In a situational interview, the interviewer presents a hypothetical scenario and asks the candidate to describe how they would handle it. In this case, the scenario involves addressing subordinates' dissatisfaction with a supervisor and the resulting decrease in productivity. To answer, you would explain your approach to resolving the conflict, improving communication, and restoring productivity, while maintaining a professional and friendly demeanor.

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The Lovett scale is a grading system used to assess muscle strength and is typically based on a scale from 0 to 5.

However, the description provided ("full range of muscle motion against gravity with some resistance") is not sufficient to determine the specific score on the Lovett scale. The Lovett scale takes into account various factors such as the ability to overcome resistance, the range of motion, and the presence of any weakness or paralysis.

To assign a score on the Lovett scale, a comprehensive assessment of the client's muscle strength and function needs to be conducted, considering factors such as the specific muscles being tested, the degree of resistance encountered, and the presence of any weakness or limitations. Without further information, it is not possible to determine the specific score on the Lovett scale for the client. It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional or a trained evaluator who can conduct a proper assessment and assign an accurate score on the Lovett scale based on the client's specific muscle tone and function.

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The use of digital apps and the internet to preserve culture and connect people is an example of digital preservation.

Digital preservation refers to the storage and maintenance of digital materials in a format that ensures that they are accessible to users in the future. It involves the active management of digital resources to guarantee their continued accessibility and usability.

To avoid data loss and protect digital materials, digital preservation efforts include backup, migration, emulation, and other measures that ensure their long-term preservation. Digital preservation is critical because it ensures that data, information, and knowledge remain usable for future generations.

Therefore, the language-learning app Duolingo, which has a course in elementary Hawaiian, which has been at risk of extinction, is an example of digital preservation. Duolingo's use of digital apps and the internet to preserve culture and connect people highlights the importance of digital preservation.

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In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the independent variable and measures its effects on the dependent variable.

The independent variable is the variable that the researcher intentionally manipulates or changes in order to observe its impact on the dependent variable. It is often represented as the cause or predictor variable in the experiment.

On the other hand, the dependent variable is the variable that is observed or measured to assess the potential effects or outcomes resulting from the manipulation of the independent variable. It is often the variable of interest and is influenced by changes in the independent variable.

By manipulating the independent variable and measuring its effects on the dependent variable, researchers can establish causal relationships and draw conclusions about the relationship between these variables.

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Rothbart's theory of temperament proposes three dimensions of temperament: extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control.

Extraversion/surgency refers to the degree to which an individual seeks out stimulation and enjoys social interaction. People high in extraversion/surgency are often outgoing, talkative, and enthusiastic. They are easily excited and tend to be impulsive. On the other hand, people low in extraversion/surgency are more reserved, introverted, and less likely to engage in social interaction.
Negative affectivity refers to the extent to which an individual experiences negative emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness. People high in negative affectivity often experience frequent and intense negative emotions, while people low in negative affectivity tend to be more emotionally stable and less prone to emotional reactivity.

Finally, effortful control refers to the degree to which an individual can regulate their own behavior and emotions. People high in effortful control have good self-control and are able to inhibit their impulses, delay gratification, and focus their attention. In contrast, people low in effortful control tend to be impulsive, distractible and have difficulty with self-control.

Overall, Rothbart's theory of temperament highlights the importance of individual differences in personality, emotion, and behavior, and underscores the role of biology and genetics in shaping these differences.

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Testing is necessary to differentiate between meningitis and Reye syndrome because they have similar manifestations and both are usually preceded by a viral infection.

While meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, Reye syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal disease that affects the brain and liver. The symptoms of meningitis, such as fever, headache, and stiff neck, can also occur in Reye syndrome. However, Reye syndrome is characterized by additional symptoms such as vomiting, fatigue, and confusion, which are not typically present in meningitis.

Testing, such as blood tests and imaging studies, can help to identify the specific cause of the illness and guide appropriate treatment. Therefore, testing is crucial to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of these conditions.  

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Widget's International's new strategy illustrates relationship marketing.

Relationship marketing is a customer-focused approach that prioritizes creating a long-term relationship between a company and its customers. It involves building trust and loyalty by understanding the individual needs and preferences of each customer and providing personalized service throughout their entire experience with the company. By creating a personal dialogue with their customers, Widget's International is able to gather valuable feedback and insights that can be used to improve their products and services. This approach not only increases customer satisfaction and loyalty but also helps to differentiate the company from its competitors. In today's highly competitive marketplace, relationship marketing has become an essential strategy for businesses that want to stay relevant and successful.

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The given statement is True. The origins of Hinduism may be traced back to the intertwining of the cultures of the Indus valley and Indo-Aryan civilizations.

According to scholars and historians, around 1500 B.C., the Indo-Aryan community migrated to the valley of Indus and its tributaries where their language and culture blended with that of the indigenous people living in the region. Thus, the intertwining of cultures laid the foundation for Hinduism.  It was the period when the Vedic literatures were composed and came to be known as the 'Vedic Period' which lasted from about 1500 B.C. to 500 B.C.

Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no one founder but is instead a fusion of various beliefs.

Hinduism is considered to be the world’s oldest religion with roots and customs dating back to more than 4,000 years. Hinduism is the third-largest religion with more than 1 billion followers out of which 94 percent of the world’s Hindus live in India.

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The fate of the textile industry depends on how firms respond to these challenging market conditions.

The recent economic losses and departure of sellers in the textile industry can have a significant impact on the market. Economic theory suggests that these conditions may cause the market supply to decline, leading to an increase in the price of textiles.

As a result, some firms may suffer long-term economic losses, and the remaining firms may try to produce more efficiently. One way they could achieve this is through collusion, working together to reduce costs and increase profits. However, colluding can be illegal and may lead to legal consequences for firms involved.

Alternatively, the remaining firms may choose to invest in new technologies or production methods that help them become more efficient. This could lead to a shift in the demand curve, which would cause prices to rise to the level of production costs. Ultimately, the fate of the textile industry depends on how firms respond to these challenging market conditions.

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The statement is True. American political philosopher John Rawls proposed that decision-makers should make choices based on a principle of justice that is fair and impartial.

A philosopher is an individual who engages in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding fundamental questions about existence, reality, ethics, logic, and the nature of knowledge itself. Philosophers explore these topics through critical thinking, analysis, and logical reasoning. They seek to uncover the principles that underlie human thought and behavior, aiming to provide insights into the nature of truth, morality, consciousness, and the human condition.

Philosophy is a broad and diverse field, encompassing various branches such as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, logic, and aesthetics. Philosophers employ rigorous methodologies to examine concepts, challenge assumptions, and develop coherent systems of thought. They often engage in dialogue and debate with other philosophers to refine their ideas and explore new perspectives.

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This aerodynamic phenomenon is commonly known as a vapour cone or shock collar. It is caused by a phenomenon called shock wave formation. When an aircraft moves at transonic speeds , the airflow over certain areas of the aircraft, such as the wings or fuselage

As the air flows over these surfaces, it encounters regions of high pressure and low pressure, leading to the formation of shock waves. Shock waves are rapid pressure changes that occur when supersonic airflow is abruptly slowed down, resulting in compression and a sudden increase in air density.

This condensed water vapour becomes visible as a cloud-like structure around the aircraft.The formation of the vapour cone is particularly prominent when the aircraft is operating at high angles of attack or during manoeuvres that induce significant changes in airflow patterns.

It is an inherent aerodynamic phenomenon associated with supersonic and transonic flight and is commonly observed during activities such as military fighter jet manoeuvres or supersonic flights.

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The DATA step is incomplete and needs to be modified in order to determine the value of the account after 15 years with a constant interest rate of 10%.

To calculate the value of the account after the first year, the capital of $5,000 needs to be multiplied by the interest rate of 10% (0.10). This can be done by adding the line "capital = capital * 1.10;" after the initial capital assignment line. To calculate the value of the account after each subsequent year, this same calculation needs to be repeated, using the updated value of capital from the previous year. This can be achieved by placing the same calculation within a loop that iterates 15 times. The completed DATA step would look like this:

data work. invest;
  capital = 5000;
  do i = 1 to 15;
     capital = capital * 1.10;
  end;
  put capital=;
run;

This will calculate and print the value of the account after 15 years with a constant interest rate of 10%.

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To determine how much you can spend on housing, we need to calculate 36% of your monthly income and subtract your monthly debt payments.

First, calculate 36% of your monthly income:

36% of $4,300 = 0.36 * $4,300 = $1,548

Next, subtract your monthly debt payments from the result:

$1,548 - $321 = $1,227

Therefore, you can spend up to $1,227 on housing while adhering to the common rule that housing expenses plus other debt payments should not exceed 36% of your monthly income.

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It is presented in a written format and it adds to your understanding of a topic makes a source effective. So the option A and B is correct.

Since it establishes a structure that can be followed, having a textual format for a source can help readers comprehend a topic more fully. It enables readers to follow the story step-by-step, which can aid in helping them better understand concepts and recall information.

A written approach also gives you the chance to offer more in-depth justifications and descriptions, if necessary. By addressing issues like underlying causes, effects, or goals related to the topic, the author might enlarge on it. This can be an effective tool for assisting readers in better understanding the topic at hand. So the option A and B is correct.

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The complete question is:

what makes a source effective?

Select the two correct answers. responses

A. it is presented in a written format

B. it adds to your understanding of a topic

C. it is accurate it is accurate

D. it is interesting to you

E. it leads you to another source

In this nation, with a population of 125, a labor force of 75, and 50 employed workers, the unemployment rate can be calculated by dividing the number of unemployed workers (25) by the size of the labor force (75). Therefore, the unemployment rate for this nation is 33.33%.

To calculate the unemployment rate, we divide the number of unemployed workers by the size of the labor force and then multiply the result by 100 to express it as a percentage.

In this case, the number of unemployed workers is 25, and the size of the labor force is 75.

Unemployment rate = (Number of unemployed workers / Size of the labor force) * 100

Unemployment rate = (25 / 75) * 100

Unemployment rate = 0.3333 * 100

Unemployment rate = 33.33%

Therefore, the unemployment rate for this nation is 33.33%. This indicates that out of the total labor force, approximately 33.33% are currently unemployed. It's important to note that this calculation assumes that all individuals in the labor force are actively seeking employment but are unable to find suitable job unemployment .

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Funahashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the pf cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task. These neurons showed the most intense firing during the delay period of the task.

The delay period refers to the period of time between the presentation of a stimulus and the execution of a response. In the delayed response task, monkeys are typically trained to remember a specific stimulus location or feature during the delay period and then produce the appropriate response once a "go" signal is given.

The study conducted by Funahashi and colleagues focused on the prefrontal (PF) cortex, which is a region of the brain associated with higher cognitive functions, including working memory. The researchers recorded the activity of neurons in the PF cortex while monkeys performed the delayed response task.

Interestingly, the neurons in the PF cortex demonstrated the most intense firing during the delay period. This suggests that these neurons are involved in the maintenance and active representation of information during the delay period, which is crucial for successful completion of the task. The intense firing of these neurons during the delay period indicates their role in the active maintenance of working memory.

The findings of this study provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying working memory and the role of the prefrontal cortex in this cognitive process. By understanding how the brain maintains and manipulates information during a delay period, researchers can gain a better understanding of cognitive processes and potentially develop interventions for disorders involving working memory deficits.

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"The Big E" fair held in Massachusetts, officially known as The Eastern States Exposition, is a unique and significant event in several ways. Here are some notable aspects that make it special:

Scale and Duration: The Big E is one of the largest fairs in the United States and is often referred to as the "New England's Great State Fair." It spans 17 days, making it an extended and immersive experience for attendees.

Regional Representation: The fair brings together all six New England states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont) to showcase their distinct cultures, traditions, products, and cuisines. Each state has its own dedicated building, providing visitors with a comprehensive and diverse representation of the region.

Agricultural and Livestock Showcase: The fair has deep agricultural roots and continues to celebrate New England's farming heritage. It features expansive displays of livestock, including horses, cows, goats, pigs, and more. Attendees can witness various competitions, demonstrations, and educational exhibits related to agriculture and farming.

Entertainment and Attractions: The Big E offers a wide range of entertainment options, including live music concerts, circus performances, parades, fireworks, and a plethora of amusement rides and games. It also hosts unique events such as the Mardi Gras parade and the daily Avenue of States parade.

Culinary Delights: The fair is renowned for its culinary offerings, especially the diverse array of regional and international cuisines available. From classic New England seafood to traditional fair treats and global flavors, visitors can indulge in a gastronomic adventure at the fair.

Vendors and Exhibitors: The fair attracts a large number of vendors and exhibitors, offering a vast marketplace for shopping. Visitors can explore a wide range of products, including crafts, clothing, accessories, home goods, and specialty items from local and regional businesses.

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A change in Raj's circadian rhythm is most likely to have caused his problems.

The circadian rhythm is the internal biological clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and other physiological processes. When Raj was moved to a night shift, it disrupted his natural sleep-wake pattern, as his body was accustomed to being awake during the day and sleeping at night. The shift to working at night can lead to disturbed sleep, as the body struggles to adjust to the new schedule.

This disruption can result in symptoms such as poor concentration, fatigue, and feeling listless. The mismatch between his internal body clock and the demands of the night shift is the probable cause of Raj's issues

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According to Smedley and Smedley (2005), one of the most significant markers for differentiating individuals into groups historically (through the Middle Ages and up until the 17th century) was race or perceived racial characteristics.

During that period, societies often categorized individuals into distinct groups based on physical features, such as skin color, facial features, and other visible traits. These categorizations were used to differentiate people and establish social hierarchies, privileges, and power dynamics.

It is important to note that the understanding and categorization of race have evolved over time, and the concept of race is a social construct rather than a biological reality. However, during the historical period mentioned, race played a significant role in shaping societal structures and relations.

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A balance of activities is crucial for maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle.

Lifetime activities such as hiking or biking can be enjoyable and promote overall physical fitness. Team sports such as basketball or soccer can help build teamwork skills and provide a sense of community. Rhythmic activities such as dance or yoga can improve flexibility and coordination.

Personal fitness activities such as weightlifting or running can help improve individual strength and endurance. Recreational activities such as swimming or kayaking can provide a fun way to stay active. It's important to incorporate a variety of activities into your routine to prevent boredom and ensure that you're targeting different areas of your body.

The complete question is:

A balance of activities from the following categories: lifetime activities, team sports, rhythmic activities, personal fitness, recreational activities and low organized games can be arranged to make.

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The given statement "a free-frame list group of answer choices is a set of all frames that are filled with all zeros." is False because A free-frame list is not a set of all frames that are currently unallocated to any process.

It is a data structure used in operating systems to keep track of available memory frames that can be assigned to processes. The free-frame list contains information about which frames in the system's memory are currently unused and available for allocation.

When a process requires additional memory, the operating system refers to the free-frame list to identify and allocate an appropriate frame.

Therefore, a free-frame list does not necessarily represent frames that are currently unallocated, as some frames may still be in use by other processes. Its purpose is to facilitate efficient memory management by tracking available memory resources.

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The unifying cultural pattern that has influenced many people in nations across Middle and South America brought by colonization is the language.

Colonization is the act of taking control over land or areas that are not governed or occupied by your own nation. The term can refer to the migration of people, animals, or plants to a new area or the settlement of a group of people in a new country. It also refers to the act of controlling another group of people through colonization.

Latin America was colonized by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 16th century. This colonization brought the Spanish and Portuguese languages to the continent. These two languages are still spoken widely across the region today, making them the unifying cultural patterns in Latin America.

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(a) Maximum charge on the capacitor:The maximum voltage across the LC circuit is given as 3.1V.

The maximum charge on the capacitor (Q) is given by the formula,Q = C x VWhere C is the capacitance of the capacitor and V is the voltage across the capacitorSubstituting the given values, we get,Q = 1.3 x 10^-9 x 3.1 = 4.03 x 10^-9 C(b) Maximum current through the circuit:When the LC circuit oscillates, the maximum current through the circuit is given by the formula,I = Vmax / RWhere R is the resistance of the circuit, which is negligible for an ideal LC circuitSubstituting the given values, we get,I = 3.1 / 0 = ∞(c) Maximum energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil:When the LC circuit oscillates, the maximum energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil is given by the formula,U = (1/2) x L x I^2Where L is the inductance of the coil and I is the maximum currentSubstituting the given values, we get,U = (1/2) x 3.2 x 10^-3 x (∞)^2 = ∞Therefore, the maximum energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil is infinite.

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The bureaucratic emphasis on files and record keeping is indicative of "The tendency to reduce relationships with individuals to definable categories of behavior."

The bureaucratic emphasis on files and record keeping is indicative of the tendency to reduce relationships with individuals to definable categories of behavior. Bureaucracies are characterized by standardized procedures, rules, and regulations that aim to ensure efficiency and consistency in decision-making. In order to achieve this, bureaucracies rely heavily on documentation and record keeping.

By documenting and categorizing information about individuals, bureaucracies can create a standardized framework for understanding and interacting with people. This allows them to treat individuals as representatives of specific roles or categories rather than unique individuals with individual needs, preferences, and characteristics. This approach helps bureaucracies to streamline their processes and make decisions based on established guidelines rather than subjective assessments.

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The correct option is C, When obtaining the child's history, the nurse considers a recent episode of pharyngitis.

Pharyngitis is an inflammation or infection of the pharynx, which is the part of the throat located behind the mouth and nasal cavity. It is commonly referred to as a sore throat. Pharyngitis can be caused by various factors, including viral infections (such as the common cold or flu), bacterial infections (such as streptococcus), or irritants like smoke or pollutants.

The most common symptoms of pharyngitis include throat pain, difficulty swallowing, redness and swelling of the throat, and sometimes fever. Viral pharyngitis tends to resolve on its own within a few days, while bacterial pharyngitis, specifically streptococcal pharyngitis (commonly known as strep throat), may require antibiotic treatment to prevent complications.

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Complete Question:

When obtaining the child's history, the nurse considers which information is most important.

A. A fever that started 3 days ago.

B. Lack of Interest in food

C. A recent episode of pharyngitis

D. Vomiting for 2 days

The correct option is C, According to Reiss, delinquency is the result of all but attachment to delinquent peers.

Delinquency refers to a behavior that deviates from societal norms and legal standards, particularly in the context of juvenile delinquency. It encompasses a wide range of offenses committed by individuals who are under the legal age of adulthood. Delinquent acts can include criminal behavior such as theft, vandalism, assault, drug abuse, or even more serious crimes like robbery or murder.

Delinquency is a complex issue influenced by various factors, including individual, familial, and social dynamics. Some common risk factors for delinquency include a history of family conflict, inadequate parental supervision, academic failure, peer pressure, substance abuse, and socio-economic disadvantages.

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Complete Question:

According to Reiss, delinquency is the result of all but which of the following factors?

a. a failure to internalize socially accepted and prescribed norms of behavior

b. a breakdown of internal social controls

c. attachment to delinquent peers

d. a lack of social rules that prescribe behavior in the family, the school, and other important social groups.