what is the activation energy definition ?

Answers

Answer 1

The minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is known as activation energy. The energy barrier must be crossed for a reaction to progress from reactants to products.

In other words, it is the amount of energy required to break the bonds of the reactant molecules and form new bonds in order to form the product molecules.

On a reaction energy diagram, the activation energy is typically represented as a barrier, with the reactants on the left side, the products on the right side, and the activation energy barrier in between. The reaction rate is determined by the height of the activation energy barrier; the higher the barrier, the slower the reaction rate, and the lower the barrier, the faster the reaction rate.

In general, increasing the temperature, pressure, or concentration of reactants increases the probability that reactant molecules will have enough energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and undergo the reaction. Catalysts can also lower the activation energy barrier, allowing the reaction to happen faster and more efficiently.

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Related Questions

1-bromobutane undergoes dehydrohalogenation by an elimination reaction when heated in the presence of base.

Answers

1-bromobutane will undergoes dehydrohalogenation by an elimination reaction when it heated in the presence of base, the product formed is 1 - butene.

The elimination reaction is the type of the organic reaction in which the two substituents will removed from the molecule in either the one step or the two step mechanism. The one step mechanism is called as the E2 reaction, and the two step mechanism is called as the E1 reaction.

This reaction is the E2 reaction, therefore, the mechanism of reaction is the one step, and when 1-bromobutane undergoes dehydrohalogenation the base will be subtract the hydrogen from the Carbon 2, it eliminates the bromide and forms the double bond, the product formed is  the 1-butene.

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3. Why is it nearly impossible to get rid of the lionfish from their new territory?

Answers

According to NOAA experts, invasive lionfish populations will keep expanding and cannot be controlled by traditional means.

What is lionfish ?

A marine species known as a "lionfish" has stripes that resemble zebra stripes and is typically red, brown, and white. In their non-native area, there are two different but outwardly identical species, however around 97 percent of them are red lionfish.

Regrettably, NOAA scientists have determined that invasive lionfish populations will keep expanding and cannot be controlled by traditional means.

Thus, They are predators that eat tiny crustaceans and juvenile fish, including snapper and grouper, two important commercial fish species.

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Choose the nonmetallic elements from the list. Check all that apply.A.yttriumB.oxygenC.boronD.poloniumE.argonF.galliumG.carbon

Answers

The nonmetallic elements from the list are: Oxygen, Boron, Argon and Carbon. Option B, C, E, and G will be correct.

Nonmetallic elements are elements that generally lack metallic properties such as luster, malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity. They are located on the right side of the periodic table, except for hydrogen, which is located on the top left corner.

Nonmetals have different physical and chemical properties, but some of their common characteristics include: They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

They are typically brittle solids or gases at room temperature, except for bromine, which is a liquid.

They have low melting and boiling points compared to metals.

Nonmetallic elements play important roles in various chemical reactions and are essential to life, such as oxygen and carbon.

Hence, B.C.G.E. Oxygen, Boron, Argon and Carbon are the correct options.

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Which structure increases the reabsorption of na when stimulated by aldosterone? a) loop of henle
b) collecting duct c) bowmanʹs capsule d) proximal tubule e) distal tubules

Answers

e) distal tubules structure increases the reabsorption of Na when stimulated by aldosterone.

The nephron segment immediately upriver of the macula densa is the distal convoluted tubule. Despite its short distance, the distal convoluted tubule is essential for sodium, potassium, and covalently bonded cation homeostasis.

Recent genetic but also physiologic research has significantly enriched our knowledge of how the proximal convoluted tubule controls these methods at the molecular.

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) seems to be the nephron segment immediately downstream of both the macula densa. But even though the DCT is really the quickest segment of both the nephron, measuring only about 5 mm in size in humans.

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a process that releases heat, such as freezing or condensation is called?endothermicnonthermiclow thermic
exothermic

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Exothermic. A process that releases heat, such as freezing or condensation, is called exothermic.

Exothermic refers to a process that gives off heat, like freezing or condensation. In such a process, energy is released to the surroundings in the form of heat. This can occur during phase changes, such as when a gas condenses into a liquid or when a liquid freezes into a solid. Chemical reactions can also be exothermic if the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants. Exothermic reactions are often accompanied by an increase in temperature or the production of light. Examples of exothermic reactions include combustion, neutralization, and some types of oxidation.

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16. the proper type of flame from an oxy-acetylene torch for silver brazing is;

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For silver brazing, a reducing flame from an oxy-acetylene torch is the proper type of flame to use. When brazing silver, the heat needs to be hot enough to melt both the brazing material and the silver pieces being joined, while avoiding excessive heat that could damage the silver.

The main feature of a reducing flame is that both the oxygen and acetylene combine with surrounding air and then mix with one another, creating a sooty flame. The reduced oxygen level decreases the heat of the flame, allowing for more precise and controlled heating of the metal. The higher temperature of the flame and the reduced oxygen level also result in less oxidation of the surface of the metal, which is essential for successful brazing. Furthermore, the sooty flame produces a distinct "hissing" sound, indicating that you have the correct reducing flame.

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the ionic form of which metal atom is not likely to be found in the pocket of a catalytically active dna polymerase?

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The ionic form of the metal atom that is not likely to be found in the pocket of the catalytically active DNA polymerase is sodium that is Na.

The sodium that is Na does not readily to form the  divalent cation, and is essential for the DNA polymerase catalytic. The sodium is the metal and has ability to donate the electron and form the cation. The net charge on the sodium cation is +1. The valence electron of the sodium atoms is one. The  net charge on the sodium atom in the mono positive ion is equal to the valence electrons and sodium does not not readily forms the divalent ion.

Thus, the sodium metal atom is not likely to be found in the pocket of the catalytically active of the DNA  polymerase.

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colligative properties depend only on solute concentration; the identity of the solute is not important. True or False

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The given statement "colligative properties only depend on solute concentration; the identity of the solute is not important" is true. Because colligative properties arise from the effect of solute particles on the physical behavior of the solvent, rather than any specific chemical interactions between the solute and solvent.

Colligative properties such as freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure, and vapor pressure lowering depend only on the concentration of solute particles in a solution, regardless of the identity of the solute.

Colligative properties have many practical applications, such as in determining the molecular weight of a solute, the osmotic pressure in biological systems, and in the antifreeze properties of solutions used in automobiles.

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which kind of energy is store din a chemical bond

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The kind of the energy that is store in the chemical bond is the type of the potential energy.

The kind of the energy that is store in the chemical bond is the type of the potential energy. The Potential energy is the energy that is not be in  used yet, but the energy that is is stored and in awaiting the use. The chemical bond is the example of the potential energy. The bonds formed in between the atoms and the molecules in the substances hold the energy.

Thus, the potential energy is stored in the chemical bond formed in between the atoms or the molecules.

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The instructor reveals that the weak acid is hypochlorous acid, HOCl. The known Ka for HOCl is 4.0×10-8. What is the percent error in the experiment?

Answers

The acid is weak. In this acid, the chlorine atom is in the +3 oxidation state. The pure material decomposes into hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5) and is unstable.

Is HOCl an effective acid?

As chlorine dissolves in water, a weak acid called hypochlorous acid (ClOH, HClO, HOCl, or ClHO) is produced. Hypochlorous acid then partially dissociates to produce hypochlorite, ClO.

Does HOCl hurt skin?

HOCl is extremely gentle on your skin and harmless, handling this demanding work. Its production by your body's immune system naturally results in its softness. It works well for delicate skin, says Dr.

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Add curved arrows to both structures to show the delocalization of electron pairs needed to form the other resonance contributor

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Resonance is defined as the delocalization of the electrons within the molecules. The molecules can be represented by the more than one lewis structure.

The  resonance structure is delocalization of the electrons in the molecule. The difference in lewis structure is in the position that is occupied by the pi bond and the p orbital electrons.

In the left lewis structure of the nitro methane the negative charge that is the extra p orbital electron on the lower oxygen will migrate to form the pi bond to the nitrogen atom and the electron are in the pi bond in between the nitrogen and the upper oxygen will migrates to the extra p orbital electron to the upper oxygen atom. The opposite will occurs in the right lewis structure.

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This question is incomplete, the complete question is :

Add curved arrows to both structures of nitromethane to show the delocalization of electron pairs needed to form the other resonance contributor.

what is n3 lewis structure

Answers

N₃, or nitrogen trioxide, is a chemical compound that contains one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. The Lewis structure of N₃ shows how the valence electrons of each atom are arranged and shared in the molecule.

To draw the Lewis structure of N₃, we need to follow these steps:

Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule.

The total number of valence electrons is the sum of the valence electrons of each atom in the molecule. Nitrogen has five valence electrons, and each oxygen has six valence electrons, so the total number of valence electrons in N₃ is:

5 + (3 x 6) = 23

Determine the central atom.

The central atom is the atom that is bonded to the other atoms in the molecule. In N₃, nitrogen is the central atom, as it is bonded to all three oxygen atoms.

Connect the atoms with single bonds.

In N3, nitrogen is bonded to each oxygen atom with a single bond. This uses up three of the 23 valence electrons.

Arrange the remaining valence electrons to satisfy the octet rule.

After the single bonds are formed, we have 20 valence electrons left. Oxygen has six valence electrons, and nitrogen has five valence electrons. To satisfy the octet rule for each atom, we need to form double bonds between nitrogen and two of the oxygen atoms. This uses up four more valence electrons.

The remaining two valence electrons are placed on the nitrogen atom, which now has an incomplete octet. However, it is acceptable for nitrogen to have an incomplete octet in some cases.

Therefore, the Lewis structure of N3 is:

     O

    ╱ \

O = N = O

    ╲ /

     O

In this structure, each atom has a complete octet, except for nitrogen, which has seven valence electrons. This structure shows that N3 has a linear shape, with the nitrogen atom in the center and the three oxygen atoms bonded to it. The Lewis structure also helps us to understand the chemical behavior and properties of N3.

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from which two sources does most urban no arise

Answers

Vehicles & power plants are the two sources does most urban NO arise.

Nitric oxide, also known as thermal Nitric oxide, is created when atmospheric nitrogen is burned at high temps. Some of the nitrogen and oxygen gases in the air passing through the flame combine to create NO at high flame temperatures.

N2 + O2 in a combustion produces 2 NO.

Two sources are power facilities and vehicles.

NOX, which is spelled "nox," is the collective name for Nitric oxide and NO2 in the air.

Nitric oxide, also known as fuel NO, is created when nitrogen atoms found in fuel molecules undergo decomposition. A fuel's nitrogen is typically transformed to NO at a rate of 30 to 60% during combustion. The majority of fuels don't have much nitrogen in them, so this process only contributes to a tiny portion of NO emissions.

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Complete question is-

What is the chemical reaction by which

thermal NO is produced? From which two sources

does most urban NO arise? What is meant by the

term NOX? What is meant by fuel NO?

420 ml of a gas at 25.0 Celsius is compressed to 210 ml. What is the temperature of the gas after the compression?

Answers

The final temperature is  -124Celsius

What is the Charles law?

Charles's Law is a fundamental gas law that describes the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure. It states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided that the pressure and the number of particles are held constant.

Give that;

V1/T1 = V2/T2

V1 = 420 ml

T1 =  25.0 + 273 = 298 K

V 2 = 210 ml

T2 = ??

Thus;

V1T2 = V2T1

T2 = V2T1/V1

= 210 ml *  298 K/420 ml

= 149 K or -124Celsius

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what is the molality of a solution containing 3.0 moles of nacl and 100.0 moles of water?

Answers

The molality of a solution containing 3.0 moles of NaCl and 100.0 moles of water is given as 1.7 m.

Mathematically,

Molality = Moles of solute / Mass of solvent in kg

We know that,

Solute is NaCl

Moles of NaCl = 3.0 moles

Solvent is water

Moles of water = 100.0 moles

Molar mass of water (H₂O) = 18.01528 g/mol

Mass of H₂O = 18.01528 g/mol × 100 mol = 18.01528 g = 1.801528 kg

Substitute the values,

Molality = 3 moles/1.801528 kg = 1.665 m = 1.7 m

Hence, the molality of a solution containing 3.0 moles of nacl and 100.0 moles of water 1.7 m.

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What is the simple definition of amino acid?

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Answer: An amino acid is a type of organic compound that serves as the building blocks of proteins. It contains an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), both attached to the same carbon atom, along with a side chain group that is specific to each amino acid. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be found in nature, and they are essential for many biological processes, including the synthesis of proteins, enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters.

Explanation:

which medium is the most transparent?

Answers

Transparent medium is defined as a medium which allows most of the light energy to pass through it. Yttria is the most transparent medium.

Generally a medium which allows most of the light energy to pass through it is known as transparent medium. Some of the examples of transparent medium are glass, water, and air.

Yttria is considered as the fully transparent medium which ranges from 3–5 micrometers, but it lacks sufficient strength, hardness, and thermal shock resistance for high-performance aerospace applications. But, a combination of these two materials in the form of the yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) is one of the top performers in this field.

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a mixture of elements that has metallic properties is called___

Answers

Answer:

it is called a alloy ex carbon steel

Explanation:

Turn off the heat and place it into the “Cool” position. 2. Where are the energy symbols going and what does this represent?

Answers

Your system is set to heat or cool to this temperature. To change the target temperature, rotate the thermostat's ring either clockwise or anticlockwise.

What are the units of temperature?

The most popular scales are the Celsius scale, sometimes known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being mostly used for scientific purposes. One of the seven base units in the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI).

What are the properties of temperature?

A thermometric property is one that is affected by temperature. Volume, pressure, electrical resistance, emf, and color are a few examples. A thermometer can be created with one of these characteristics.

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Select all TRUE statements about noncovalent bonding interactions.A.) Noncovalent interactions can be intramolecular - between atoms in the same molecule.B.) In a protein, ionic interactions are the weakest and van der Waals interactions are the strongest.C.) The strength of a noncovalent interaction depends on the magnitude of the charge and whether it is permanent or temporary.D.) All noncovalent bond interactions are inherently electrostatic in nature.

Answers

The true statements about noncovalent bonding interactions are: Noncovalent interactions can be intramolecular, The strength of a noncovalent interaction depends on the magnitude of the charge, and all noncovalent bond interactions are inherently electrostatic in nature. Option A, C, and D is correct.

Noncovalent bonding interactions refer to the various types of chemical interactions between molecules or within a molecule that do not involve the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond. These interactions are generally weaker than covalent bonds, but they are still essential for many biological and chemical processes.

Option B is false because ionic interactions are stronger than van der Waals interactions in proteins. Van der Waals interactions are the weakest noncovalent interactions.

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In the reaction 2H2 + O2 → __H2O, what coefficient should be placed in front of H2O to balance the reaction?

1
2
3
4

Answers

Answer:

Below

Explanation:

2 H2  + O2  ====>      H20      you have 4 H's on L...need 4 on right so:

2H2  + O2 =====>  2 H2 O      Now H's are 'balanced' and a check of the O's  shows they are balanced too (two O's on each side)

______ occurs when aqueous solutions of ammonia and vinegar are mixed

Answers

Formation of ammonium acetate and water occurs when aqueous solutions of ammonia and vinegar are mixed, the

Ammonia, which has the chemical formula NH₃, is a weak base, while vinegar, which is a solution of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) in water, is an acid. When the two solutions are mixed, a neutralization reaction occurs, in which the ammonium ion (NH⁴⁺) from ammonia combines with the acetate ion (C₂H₃O²⁻) from vinegar to form ammonium acetate (NH₄C₂H₃O₂) and water (H₂O).

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is,

NH₃(aq) + CH₃COOH(aq) → NH₄C₂H₃O₂(aq) + H₂O(l)

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What are 10 examples of homogeneous mixtures?

Answers

Answer:

In chemistry, a mixture is a substance made up of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined, but physically combined. This means there are no chemical bonds between the different substances in a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. You can think of a salad as an example of a mixture— lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, and Parmesan cheese are substances, and each substance retains its own chemical composition and identity.

A homogeneous mixture (from the root “homo” meaning same) has a uniform composition throughout. Furthermore, in a homogeneous mixture, all substances exist in one state of matter. Liquids can be homogeneously mixed with liquids, solids with solids, and so on.

Examples :

1)Saltwater

If salt dissolves in water, it disperses evenly throughout the water. Note that seawater can be heterogeneous if pieces of particulate matter are present, as in nature.

2)Coffee, milk

These drinks consist of many chemicals dissolved in water, spread evenly like in saltwater. However, when milk curdles, it becomes a heterogeneous mixture.

3)Cement, glue

These are homogeneous mixtures of chemicals that set (harden) on drying or exposure to other special conditions. They may have other things added which could make them heterogeneous.

4)Bronze, steel

These are alloys, made by mixing copper and tin (for bronze) or iron and carbon (for steel). Because the resulting mixtures do not have distinguishable regions of each component, they are homogeneous.

5)Air

Air is a mixture of gases spread evenly throughout the atmosphere. Because gas molecules are distant from one another, they always mix evenly and do not form heterogeneous mixtures.

Other examples include :

6)Mouthwash

7)Detergent

8)Cologne

9)Jello gelatin

10) Sugar syrup

what form can a toxic substance take

Answers

The Toxic materials can be take the form of the solids, the liquids, the gases, the vapors, the dusts, the fumes.

The Toxic materials can be take the form of the solids, the liquids, the gases, the vapors, the dusts, the fumes, the fibers and the mists. The Toxic substances are the substance that can be defined as the broad group of the chemicals that are capable of the causing harm to the plants and the animals including the humans.

The  toxic substance is the substance that can be harmful or even the poisonous to the health. The People are mostly concerned about the as the chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls.

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What is aluminum nitrate formula?

Answers

the chemical formula for aluminium nitrate as a mordant in the dyeing   One aluminium ion (Al3+) and three nitrate ions (NO3-) make up the chemical compound known as aluminium nitrate. Al(NO3)3 is the written

version of its chemical formula. With a molecular weight of 212.99 g/mol, aluminium nitrate is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Aluminum oxide, aluminium hydroxide, and other aluminium salts are frequently made using it. Moreover, it serves as a mordant in textile dyeing, a catalyst in a number of chemical processes, and an ingredient in certain fertilisers.Nitric acid and aluminium metal can be combined to create aluminium nitrate, or aluminium oxide or hydroxide can be dissolved in the acid to create aluminium nitrate. Given that it is an oxidising agent and that reducing agents or flammable materials might

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When the solvent molecules and the solute molecules mix this process is usually A)separation energy. B)heat of solvation. C)endothermic. D)exothermic. E)heat of solution.

Answers

When the solvent molecules and the solute molecules mix this process is usually heat of solution. Option E is correct answer.

When the solvent molecules and the solute molecules mix, this process is known as heat of solution. It is the energy change that occurs when a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. This process can either be exothermic or endothermic, depending on whether energy is released or absorbed during the process

In an exothermic process, the heat is released to the surroundings, while in an endothermic process, heat is absorbed from the surroundings. Heat of solution is an important concept in chemistry and is used to understand the behavior of solutes in different solvents. The answer is option E.

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Select all TRUE statements about noncovalent bonding interactions.
A.)Noncovalent interactions can be intramolecular - between atoms in the same molecule.
B.) In a protein, ionic interactions are the weakest and van der Waals interactions are the strongest.
C.) The strength of a noncovalent interaction depends on the magnitude of the charge and whether it is permanent or temporary.
D.) All noncovalent bond interactions are inherently electrostatic in nature.

Answers

Noncovalent interactions between elements in the same molecule are known as intramolecular interactions.

Describe element noun.

I made the decision to walk in spite of the awful weather by braving the elements. New component required for the kettle. For the vast majority of home buyers, having a second source of income is crucial. They have all the qualities of a strong squad. Although she exaggerated, there was some truth to what she said.

Which words are equivalent to "element"?

element Units that are a portion of whole or entire substances, organizations, compounds, or combinations are referred to as elements, components, constituents, or ingredients. Element refers to a fundamental, essential component: the building blocks of matter; break the issue down into its component parts.

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The equilibrium constant K for a system at equilibrium expresses a particular ratio of equilibrium _______________ of products and reactants at a particular _____________. The value of K is also equal to the ratio of the rate _____________ for the forward and reverse reactions.

Answers

The equilibrium constant K for a system at equilibrium expresses a particular ratio of equilibrium Concentrations of products and reactants at a particular temperature. The value of K is also equal to the ratio of the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions.

What causes a reverse reaction?

If the reaction proceeds as stated and becomes exothermic, a rise in temperature will therefore cause the opposite reaction, which will lead to a reduction in the amount of the products or an increase in the number of reactants. If the current is lowered, the result will be the opposite.

Are all reverse reactions endothermic?

The endothermic reaction occurs if the energy needed to break bonds is greater than the energy produced when new bonds are formed. For reversible processes, one of the two reactions will be exothermic—either the forward or backward reaction—and the other can be endothermic.

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How does temperature affect reaction rate of enzymes?

Answers

Answer:

Temperature has a significant effect on the reaction rate of enzymes. At low temperatures, the reaction rate is typically slower as the enzymes and substrate molecules move more slowly, reducing the likelihood of successful collisions between them. As the temperature increases, the reaction rate generally increases as well, due to increased enzyme activity and the higher likelihood of successful collisions.

However, at high temperatures, the reaction rate can decrease rapidly as the enzyme's structure becomes denatured or permanently altered, resulting in a loss of enzyme activity. Enzymes have an optimal temperature range, typically between 37°C to 40°C (or 98.6°F to 104°F) for human enzymes, beyond which they become less efficient or inactive.

Therefore, temperature must be carefully controlled when conducting experiments with enzymes. At temperatures close to the optimal range, enzyme activity is highest and the reaction rate is fastest. However, at temperatures outside this range, the reaction rate can slow down or the enzyme can become denatured, leading to a loss of activity.

Lead, with the element symbol Pb, is commonly used in batteries. Pb may appear in batteries as PbO2, Pb, PbO. What is the correct oxidation number of Pb in each of these compounds?

Answers

+4,0,+2  is the correct oxidation number of Pb in each of these compounds.

How do you find oxidation number?

The oxidation potential for monoatomic ions always equals the ion's associated net charge. The oxidation state of the hydrogens (H) is 1. Yet, it displays an oxidation number of -1 when coupled with an element that has a lower electronegativity than it.

What is the oxidation number rule?

Every free element's oxidation number is always zero. In the case of a neutral atom ion, the oxidation number is always the same as the ion's charge. For instance, Na3- has an oxidation number of 3. The hydrogen number is predicted to be + 1.

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