alpha mannosidase cleaves the link between d-mannose and the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine. if researchers treated the radiolabeled dg from each autoradiogram with alpha mannosidase, where would the radiolabels be found?
If researchers treated the radiolabeled dg from each autoradiogram with alpha mannosidase, the radiolabels would be found attached to the hydroxyl group of either serine or threonine.
This is because alpha mannosidase cleaves the bond between d-mannose and the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine, releasing the d-mannose and leaving the radiolabeled hydroxyl group attached to the protein. When researchers treat the radiolabeled dg from each autoradiogram with alpha-mannosidase,
the radiolabels would be found on the released D-mannose molecules. This is because alpha-mannosidase cleaves the link between D-mannose and the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine, separating the D-mannose from the protein structure.
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A modern chicken has many structures that are also seen in dinosaur fossils. This is an example of which characteristic of all living things?
A. DNA is the universal genetic code used by living things.
B. Living things are made up of cells.
C. Groups of living things evolve. D. Living things respond to their environment.
This is an illustration of how populations of living organisms develop, or change through time due to genetic variety, natural selection, and environmental adaption.
What kind of living organisms exhibit evolution?Ostriches and emus lost their ability (or need) to fly over many generations as their bodies became larger and their feet became more suited to moving on land. The same is true of penguins, who over thousands of generations switched from their traditional wings to swim-friendly flippers.
What traits of evolution are an example of?These traits include homeostasis, reproduction, inheritance, cellular organisation, growth and development, responsiveness to stimuli, and metabolism.
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Question 39 Marks: 1 Dry cotton ear plugs are just as effective against noise control as expensive fitted ear plugs and earmuffs.Choose one answer. a. True b. False
Answer:
"Dry cotton earplugs are just as effective against noise control as expensive fitted earplugs and earmuffs" is false.
Explanation:
Unlike earmuffs or fitted earplugs specifically created to reduce noise, dry cotton earplugs are often much less effective in reducing noise. This is because earmuffs and fitted earplugs provide a snug fit, which helps to block out noise and reduce its intensity. In contrast, cotton earplugs may not fit tightly or provide sufficient coverage, limiting their effectiveness in attenuating noise.
abnormal leakage of amniotic fluid, which indicates a rupture of the amniotic sac, is called:
Identify the reasons why Peter and Rosemary Grant's study of the medium ground finch on the island of Daphne Major was so remarkable.
The Grants discovered a new species of finch.
The Grants documented the finches' adaptation to the changes in their environment.
The Grants were able to directly show how Darwin's postulates led to evolutionary change.
The Grants disproved a major part of Darwin's theory of evolution.
Why Peter and Rosemary Grant's investigation of the medium ground finch on the island of Daphne Major was so noteworthy:
The Grants recorded how the finches adapted to changes in their surroundings.The Grants were able to demonstrate clearly how Darwin's hypotheses influenced evolutionary development.What has happened to human development over time?Comparative research on how organismal development has changed over time is called evolutionary developmental biology. The genetic underpinnings of phenotypic structures, how they change throughout evolution, and how new structures emerge are all given considerable attention. In order to determine how developmental processes evolved, evolutionary developmental biology compares the developmental processes of various animals. Some hoofed animals' evolution into ocean dwellers, the invasion of land by water plants, and the evolution of wings in small, armoured invertebrates are just a few examples of how developmental alterations as well as new genes may contribute to these explanations. The protracted process of change that separated humans from their apelike forebears is known as human evolution.To learn more about evolutionary development, refer to:
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Question 8 Marks: 1 When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is calledChoose one answer. a. commensalism b. synergism c. magnification d. multiplication
The correct answer is b. synergism. When two pollutants are combined, their effects can be amplified and become greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as synergism.
Synergistic effects can be particularly dangerous to human health and the environment because they can result in unexpected and potentially harmful outcomes. It is important to understand how different pollutants interact with each other in order to develop effective strategies for reducing their negative impacts.
Synergism occurs when the interaction between pollutants results in a more significant impact than if they were acting independently. This can lead to greater harm to the environment or living organisms exposed to these combined pollutants.
To summarize:
- Two pollutants combine
- The combined effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects
- This phenomenon is called synergism
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All threaded conduit shall be made __________ to prevent sparking when fault current flows through the conduit system and to ensure the explosion proof of flameproof integrity of the conduit system where applicable.
500.7 (e)
All threaded conduits shall be made of electrically conductive material to prevent sparking when fault current flows through the conduit system and to ensure the explosion-proof or flameproof integrity of the conduit system where applicable.
The use of electrically conductive materials such as steel or aluminum for the threaded conduit is essential to prevent sparking when electrical faults occur within the conduit system. This is particularly important in hazardous areas where the risk of explosion is high. In such environments, explosion-proof or flameproof conduit systems are required to prevent the spread of fire and protect people and property.
Threaded conduits made of non-conductive materials such as PVC should not be used in hazardous areas as they do not provide the necessary grounding and conductive path required for safe electrical installations.
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Complaints of poor water quality will most likely occur in which type of water main layout?
a) Arterial Loop
b) Tree
c) Grid
d) Nebular
Complaints of poor water quality will most likely occur in d) Nebular type of water main layout
The "Nebular" water main arrangement is a style of water distribution in which water moves radially outward from a central point in a manner like to a wheel's spokes. In this design, a central point supplies water to smaller pipes that branch out in different directions, each of which serves a particular area. Compared to other forms of water main layouts such arterial loop, tree, or grid, this sort of arrangement is less frequent.
Water may travel farther via smaller pipes with a "Nebular" water main architecture, which can result in problems including increased pipe corrosion, silt buildup, and decreased water pressure. As a result, complaints of poor water quality are more likely to arise. These elements, which include difficulties with coloring, taste, and odor, might lead to water that is of low quality.
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The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects ofA) parasympathetic innervation. B) vagus nerve activity.C) reflex control. D) sympathetic stimulation.
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of sympathetic stimulation. So the correct answer is option D.
The adrenal medulla is a small gland located on top of each kidney and is part of the sympathetic nervous system. It secretes hormones called epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which are released in response to stress and other stimuli. These hormones prepare the body for "fight or flight" responses, which include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, as well as dilation of pupils and bronchi. The secretions of the adrenal medulla play a crucial role in the body's response to stress and in maintaining homeostasis in the face of stressors.
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Humans are diploid and have 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in each human gamete?- 12- 23- 36- 45- 92
Each human gamete contains 23 chromosomes. Option B is correct.
Humans are diploid organisms, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. Therefore, a human somatic cell (i.e. a non-gamete cell) contains 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs.
During the process of meiosis, which is the specialized cell division that produces gametes, the chromosome number is halved. In humans, meiosis produces four haploid cells, each containing 23 chromosomes. When a haploid sperm cell from a male fuses with a haploid egg cell from a female during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the normal diploid chromosome number of 46. Option B is correct.
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Question 21
Perhaps the major weakness of using animal studies to determine "safe" level of air pollutants is:
a. The animal rights movement
b. Lack of technology
c. Difficulty in extrapolating the results to humans
d. Lack of funding for the research
Perhaps the major weakness of using animal studies to determine "safe" level of air pollutants is the difficulty in extrapolating the results to humans. So, the correct answer is option c.
The impacts of pollutants on animal models could not fully represent the consequences on humans since animals and humans have different physiologies and metabolisms.
In addition, it's possible that animals will be exposed to toxins at higher quantities and for shorter periods of time than people would in the actual world. As a result, it's possible that human safe air pollution limits cannot be reliably determined by experiments on animals.
Additionally, because animal studies are frequently conducted on tiny samples of animals, they might not be able to fully depict how air pollutants affect the human population.
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Which is larger i can't remember a kingdom or a domain?
Thank you
Kingdom and domain are two types of categories to classify living organisms. Kingdoms are coming under the domains. All living organisms belong to three domains as well as to five kingdoms1. So neither is larger than the other.
Let me know if you have any other questions or if there’s anything else I can help you with!
What fats are best to use when deep frying? Why?
Because they are the most stable at high temperatures, saturated and monounsaturated fat-rich oils are ideal for deep frying.
Due to their high smoke points, vegetable, peanut, and canola oils are ideal for use in deep fryers.
Oils with additional monounsaturated fats, like rapeseed and olive, are likewise less helpless to warm. As a result, the best cooking oils are inexpensive olive oil and rapeseed oil, which are often sold as generic vegetable oils. Fat and calories are added to your diet by all cooking fats.
Due to its neutral flavor and affordability, canola oil is one of the best choices for frying, particularly when preparing large quantities of food. Canola, which is also frequently used in baking and sautéing, costs about $6 per gallon.
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How many countries live within the planet’s available resources
It depends on a variety of variables, including the size, population, and degree of development of the nation as well as the availability and distribution of resources both within and across nations.
Which ten resources are present on our planet?Natural resources found on Earth include the air, water, soil, minerals, fuels, plants, and animals. The act of conserving natural resources ensures that all living beings can use them in the now and into the future.
What resources are present on the earth?Natural resources include things like oil, coal, gas, metals, stone, and sand. Water, soil, sunshine, and air are other natural resources. Natural resources also include fish, plants, birds, and animals. Food, fuel, and raw materials are all produced using natural resources.
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Describe the Vasculature of hypothalamus-hypophysis system
The hypothalamus-hypophysis system referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, is essential in controlling a number of physiological functions in the body reproduction, and stress reactions.
The hypothalamus, which is found near the base of the brain, and the pituitary gland, which is situated immediately below the hypothalamus, are the two primary parts of the system.
The control of hormone release and the upkeep of the body's homeostasis depend on the intricate vasculature of the hypothalamus-hypophysis system. This system's dysfunction can cause a number of endocrine abnormalities in addition to other health issues.
The hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal system is an intricate web of blood arteries that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The primary capillary plexus in the hypothalamus and the secondary capillary plexus in the anterior pituitary gland are the two groups of capillaries.
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Question 52
Bacteria may be carried in the digestive system of the housefly for as long as a. 1 week
b. 3 months
c. 4 weeks
d. 2 days
Bacteria may be carried in the digestive system of the housefly for as long as 4 weeks.
C is the correct answer.
House flies can move different infections from one site to another, putting people at risk of contracting different diseases [3,4]. Some of the bacteria found in or on the surface of these flies' bodies can survive for up to 35 days.
It is well knowledge that house flies can operate as a mechanical carrier, transmit bacteria, and spread bacterial illnesses. It is conceivable that house flies are a significant factor in the spread of germs resistant to antibiotics.
However, because medical attention are frequently unwell and carriers of numerous infections, the flies from hospital environments were more contaminated. Additionally, administrative procedures should be used to regulate the settings in hospitals.
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an animal is given an intramuscular injection of a protein with a molecular weight of 900,000 that has been covalently conjugated with a 20 amino acid peptide sequence. which component of this mixture produces the most specific antibody to the complex?
The 20 amino acid peptide sequence is likely to produce the most specific antibody to the complex, as it is a unique and specific component of the protein.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique structure and function. Therefore, the 20 amino acid peptide sequence is likely to be the most specific target for antibody production.
Additionally, the injection being intramuscular means it was delivered into the muscle, and therefore it is likely to be taken up by muscle cells where it can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against it.
This is because the peptide sequence is unique to the protein, and antibodies generated against this specific sequence will provide a more targeted immune response.
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What is Regulation of blood pH by the lungs (respiratory compensation)
Regulation of blood pH by the lungs is a process called respiratory compensation, which is the body's way of maintaining the balance of acidity in the blood.
The lungs are responsible for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body through breathing. CO2 is a byproduct of metabolism and is acidic in nature. When CO2 levels rise in the blood, it can lower the blood pH, making it more acidic. To compensate for this, the lungs increase the rate and depth of breathing, which leads to the elimination of more CO2. This causes the blood pH to rise back to normal levels, which is slightly alkaline at around 7.35-7.45. Conversely, if CO2 levels are too low, the body will slow down the rate and depth of breathing to retain more CO2 and maintain the acid-base balance.
Overall, respiratory compensation is an important mechanism that helps to regulate the acid-base balance in the body, working in conjunction with other systems such as the kidneys, which also play a key role in maintaining the pH balance.
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pastoral nomads do not typically herd
a. cattle
b. llamas
c. sheep
d. goats
e. camels
b. llamas. Pastoral nomads are people who rely on the practice of nomadic pastoralism, which involves raising and herding domesticated animals for their livelihood.
Pastoral nomads typically move their herds to different grazing areas according to the seasons and availability of resources. While pastoral nomads may raise a variety of domesticated animals depending on their region and cultural traditions, llamas are not typically part of the mix. Llamas are primarily raised in the Andean region of South America by sedentary farmers, not nomadic herders. The animals most commonly raised by pastoral nomads include cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, as these animals are well-suited to the demands of a nomadic lifestyle and provide a variety of valuable resources, such as milk, meat, wool, and hides. In many parts of the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where other forms of agriculture are difficult or impossible. Pastoral nomads rely on their animals not only for food and clothing but also for transportation, trading, and social status. Cattle are among the most important animals for pastoral nomads, as they provide milk, meat, and hides, and are often used for plowing and transport. In Africa, the Maasai people are famous for their skill in raising and herding cattle, which play a central role in their culture and identity. Sheep and goats are also important for pastoral nomads, as they are well adapted to harsh environments and can thrive on sparse vegetation. Sheep provide wool and meat, while goats are valued for their milk, meat, and hides.
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Question 72
The rabies virus may be contracted from the aerosol of an infected animal's urine, entering through the nose or mouth.
a. True
b. False
The rabies virus may be contracted from the aerosol of an infected animal's urine, entering through the nose or mouth is false
Rabies virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, usually via saliva. While it is theoretically possible for the virus to be transmitted through the aerosol of an infected animal's urine, this mode of transmission is extremely rare.
The virus cannot be contracted through the nose or mouth without exposure to infected saliva. It is important to note that rabies is a serious and potentially deadly disease, and anyone who has been bitten by an animal should seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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Animals that live in fresh water must maintain their osmolarity in the face of constant water intake. One way they cope with this is by expelling __________ amounts of ________ urine.A) small; concentratedB) small; diluteC) large; osmoticD) large; diluteE) large; concentrated
Animals that live in freshwater must maintain their osmolarity in the face of constant water intake. One way they cope with this is by expelling large amounts of dilute urine. The right option is D, large; dilute.
This means that they need to regulate the balance of water and salts in their bodies.
One way they cope with this is by expelling large amounts of dilute urine.
This helps to remove excess water from their bodies while retaining essential salts.
By producing dilute urine, freshwater animals are able to regulate their osmolarity and maintain a healthy balance of water and salts.
This is in contrast to animals that live in saltwater, which must conserve water and excrete excess salts.
Overall, the ability to regulate osmolarity is crucial for the survival of freshwater animals, and the production of dilute urine is an important adaptation that allows them to thrive in their freshwater environments. Therefore, the right answer is D, large; dilute.
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what is the Inhibitory signals in G-protein paths
Inhibitory signals in G-protein pathways involve the activation of inhibitory G proteins (Gi), which inhibit adenylyl cyclase and reduce the formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in response to a signaling molecule.
This results in a decrease in downstream signaling through the cAMP pathway. Gi proteins are activated by certain G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and can have a wide range of effects on cellular function, including reducing heart rate, decreasing smooth muscle contraction, and decreasing neurotransmitter release.
Inhibitory signals are important for maintaining proper physiological balance and preventing overstimulation of cells. Overall, inhibitory signals in G-protein pathways serve as a way to downregulate signaling and maintain cellular homeostasis. They can be activated by a variety of signals and have a wide range of effects on cellular function.
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The typical components of a circulatory system are A) blood, arteries, and veins.B) fluid, muscular pump, and fluid conduits.C) fluid and vessels to carry the fluid.D) blood, 4-chambered heart, arteries, and veins.E) blood, heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
The typical components of a circulatory system are C) fluid and vessels to carry the fluid. So, correct option is (C).
The fluid, also known as blood, is pumped by a muscular pump, the heart, and travels through a network of vessels, including arteries and veins, to reach all parts of the body. However, option D is also correct as it includes the additional detail of a 4-chambered heart. Option A is too narrow as it only includes blood, arteries, and veins, while option B is too general and does not specifically mention blood or vessels. Option E is partially correct as it includes the heart, lungs, and blood vessels, but it does not mention blood as a key component of the circulatory system. So, correct option is (C).
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. assuming that the results of the dna analysis are valid, what is the probability that you are actually served red snapper the next time you order it at a restaurant? b. if there are five customers at a restaurant, all who have ordered red snapper, what is the probability that at least one customer is actually served red snapper?
The probability that at least one customer is actually served red snapper is given by the expression 1 - (1 - x)^5.
a. Assuming that the results of the DNA analysis are valid, to determine the probability that you are actually served red snapper the next time you order it at a restaurant, we would need to know the percentage of red snapper being served correctly. Let's assume that percentage is "x."
b. If there are five customers at a restaurant, all of whom have ordered red snapper, the probability that at least one customer is actually served red snapper can be calculated using the complement probability. The complement probability is the probability of an event NOT occurring. So, we'll first find the probability that none of the customers receive red snapper and then subtract it from 1.
1.. Calculate the probability that a single customer does NOT receive red snapper: 1 - x
2. Calculate the probability that none of the five customers receive red snapper: (1 - x)^5
3. Calculate the probability that at least one customer receives red snapper: 1 - (1 - x)^5
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Some individuals in a particular species of butterfly display coloration that mimics that of a different, poisonous butterfly species living in the same habitat. Place the elements in order to model what may happen to the first butterfly species if the poisonous butterfly species is removed from the habitat. a. Predators will eat butterflies with mimicking coloration more often than before. b. The proportion of individuals in the population with mimicking coloration will decrease. c. The pressure on predators to avoid eating poisonous butterflies will decrease. d. The survival advantage for mimicking butterflies will decrease.
What can we study today that Darwin couldn't?
We can study genetics and molecular biology today that Darwin couldn't.
Darwin had no knowledge of genetics, which was not yet a well-established field of study during his time. Today, we have a much better understanding of how genes are passed down from generation to generation and how they influence the traits of organisms.
Additionally, molecular biology, which focuses on the study of biological molecules such as DNA and RNA, was not yet a field during Darwin's time. Advances in technology have allowed us to study the molecular basis of life in ways that were not possible during Darwin's lifetime.
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The primary integrating center of the ANS is the ________ of the diencephalon.
The primary integrating center of the ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) is the hypothalamus of the diencephalon. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that is located just below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland.
The hypothalamus plays a critical role in regulating many of the body's homeostatic functions, including temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms. It is also responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which regulates many involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. The hypothalamus receives input from various sources, including sensory receptors throughout the body, higher brain centers, and circulating hormones, and it processes this information to determine appropriate responses that help maintain the body's internal balance.
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All of the following are symptoms of B vitamin deficiencies, EXCEPT:
a. irritability b. nausea c. pain in muscles d. increase in appetite e. forgetfulness
Symptoms of B vitamin deficiencies include irritability, nausea, muscle pain, and forgetfulness, but not an increase in appetite.
The correct answer is d. Increase in appetite.
B vitamins play a critical role in many bodily functions, including energy production, metabolism, and brain function. Deficiencies in these vitamins can lead to a range of symptoms, including:
a. Irritability
b. Nausea
c. Pain in muscles
e. Forgetfulness
Increase in appetite is not typically associated with B vitamin deficiencies. In fact, some B vitamins, such as niacin, have been shown to reduce appetite.
It's important to note that symptoms of B vitamin deficiencies can vary depending on the specific vitamin that is lacking. For example, a deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause fatigue, weakness, and tingling in the extremities, while a deficiency in vitamin B6 can lead to depression and confusion.
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Which decade had, or is projected to have, the highest annual population increase?
The decade with the highest annual population increase was the 1960s. During this decade, the world's population increased by an average of 2.19% per year, which translates to an increase of approximately 87 million people per year.
This rapid population growth was driven by several factors, including improvements in public health and medical technology, which led to decreased mortality rates, particularly among children. Additionally, many countries were experiencing economic growth and social changes that led to higher birth rates.
Since the 1960s, the global population growth rate has gradually declined, and it is projected to continue to decline in the coming decades, with the annual population increase expected to reach its lowest point in the late 21st century.
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(Electron transport & ATP synthase)
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Cytochrome c and coenzyme Q are both soluble electron carriers that are loosely attached to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
During electron transport protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
All of the protein complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are bound in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The citric acid cycle is linked directly to the mitochondrial respiratory chain at the site of complex II.
Oxygen is reduced to water at complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
The statement that is FALSE is: "Cytochrome c and coenzyme Q are both soluble electron carriers that are loosely attached to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane."
This statement is incorrect because while cytochrome c is a soluble electron carrier that is loosely attached to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane, coenzyme Q (also known as ubiquinone) is actually a lipid-soluble electron carrier that is firmly embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. While cytochrome c and coenzyme Q are both electron carriers involved in the electron transport chain in mitochondria, they are not both soluble or loosely attached to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cytochrome c is a water-soluble protein that is loosely associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, but it is not located on the outside of the membrane.
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