Solutions, suspensions, and colloids are the three categories into which mixtures can be divided based on particle size.
A mixture is a substance composed of two or more additional chemical compounds or substances that do not chemically combine.
Little particles with a particle size of less than 1 nanometer are present in a solution. Centrifugation or decantation of the mixture cannot be used to separate the components of a solution. Air is one example of this.
A colloid is a mixture in which a component made up of insoluble particles that are scattered at a microscopic scale is suspended within another component. While some definitions limit the concept to liquid-dispersed particles, others broaden it to encompass materials like aerosols and gels.
A heterogeneous mixture of a finely dispersed substance in a liquid is referred to as a suspension. Similar to how salt and water dissolve in one another, the solid is not dissolved in the liquid.
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A manufacturer of helicopter blades heat-treats a part as one of the
steps of the processing procedure. Heat-treating involves heating the metal up to a highly specific temperature and then quenching, or cooling it down quickly. The blades are made from an aluminum alloy and have a mass of 273 kg. Water is normally used for the quenching phase. If the water is at a temperature of 22 Celsius, how much water (in kg) would be needed to cool the blade from 300 Celsius to 50 Celsius?
External Data: The specific heat of water is Cp = 4,180 J/kg Celsius, and the specific heat of aluminum alloy is
Cp= 900 J/kg Celsius. The equation for calculating heat gained or lost by a material is Q = mCpΔT.
Make a scientific explanation that identifies mathematical relationships that can be used to answer the question. Reason how and why energy is transferred between the metal and the water.
The mathematical relationship that can be used to answer the question is the equation for calculating heat gained or lost by a material is Q = m * Cp * ΔT. Q is the amount of heat, m is the mass of the material, Cp is the material's heat capacity, and ΔT is the temperature difference.
The equation as follows:
Q = m * Cp * ΔT
tells us that the amount of heat (Q) gained or lost by a material is equal to the mass of the material (m) multiplied by its specific heat capacity (Cp) and the change in temperature (ΔT).
In this case, we can use this equation to calculate the amount of heat lost by the aluminum alloy blade and the amount of heat gained by the water during the quenching process. Since energy is conserved, the amount of heat lost by the blade must be equal to the amount of heat gained by the water. Therefore, we can set the two equations equal to each other and solve for the mass of water needed to cool the blade:
m * Cp * ΔT (blade) = m * Cp * ΔT (water)
273 * 900 * (300 - 50) = m * 4,180 * (50 - 22)
273 * 900 * 250 = m * 4,180 * 28
m = 524.8 kg
Therefore, 524.8 kg of water would be needed to cool the blade from 300 Celsius to 50 Celsius.
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when balancing a chemical equation, it is usually best to begin with the __________.
b.) When balancing a chemical equation, it is usually best to begin with the most complicated molecule
Making ensuring that each element has the same number of atoms on both sides of the equation is the definition of balancing a chemical equation. This is significant because the number of atoms in each element must remain constant throughout a chemical reaction because the law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be produced or destroyed. A chemical equation must have the same amount of atoms of each element in both the reactants (substances that are combined) and the products (substances that are formed) in order to be balanced. In order to balance the equation, coefficients—numbers placed in front of chemistry formulas—are typically added to the reactants and products.
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Correct Question
When balancing a chemical equation, it is usually best to begin with the _______________.
a. simplest molecule
b. most complicated molecule
c. products
d. reactants
Which substance is most likely
to be corroded by a base?
An iron nail
A zinc statue
A leather saddle
A steel beam
Answer:
an iron nail
Explanation:
iron metal can be corroded in a basic medium,
so iron nail can be corroded by a base
Answer: A leather saddle
Explanation:
what the phase change in which a solid goes directly to the gas state.?
Sublimation is the term used for the phase change in which a solid goes directly to the gas state.
Generally, sublimation is defined as the process in which a solid usually transforms into a gas phase without first melting in order to form a liquid phase.
Sublimation is generally defined as the conversion of a substance from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid. Let's consider an example, is the vaporization of frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature. The phenomenon is the result of vapor pressure and temperature relationships.
Hence, sublimation is the term used for the phase change in which a solid goes directly to the gas state.
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What did Dmitri Mendeleev do that set him apart from all of the other scientist?answer choicesa. Created a list of all known elementsb. Arranged all the known elements together based on their propertiesc. Made accurate predictions about undiscovered elements based on where they would live in the periodic tabled. Accidentally discovered Plutonium
Due to his table-style representation of all known elements, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev gained prominence in 1869. Every substance has a set of fundamental building blocks.
What components are described?
An element is a basic item that really is difficult to break down into smaller pieces. In chemistry and physics, an element is considered a component if non-nuclear reactions cannot destroy it. In computers and mathematics, an element is a discrete part of a larger structure or collection.
What types of elements are there?
Metals, quasi, and metalloid are the three types of elements. On the far left of the periodic chart are metals like salt, calcium, caesium, etc. The quasi, including such charcoal, chloride, and air, are usually referred as the elements on the correct side.
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In the following acid-base reaction,
HPO42- is the
H2PO4- (aq) + NH3(aq) → HPO42- (aq) + NH4+(aq)
А
B
С
acid
conjugate
acid
conjugate
base
According to the Brnsted-Lowry acid-base theory, HPO4 is the conjugate base of H2PO4 and is thus.
A reaction in chemistry is what?When atoms' ionic bonds are generated or ruptured, chemical events take place. The chemicals that initiate a chemical change are known as reaction mixture, while the regard to the structure as a result of the reaction as known as products.
What does a reaction simply mean?An action made in response to anything is called a reaction. Your parents' reaction when you tell them you want to move out will show you how upset they are about it. The nature of a reaction is frequently physical. The behavior of a chemical when mixed with another material is referred to as a chemical reaction.
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The irreversible elementary reaction 2A → B takes place in the gas phase in an isothermal tubular (plug-flow) reactor. Reactant A and a diluent C are fed in equimolar ratio, and conversion of A is 80%. If the molar feed rate of A is cut in half, what is the conversion of A assuming that the feed rate of C is left unchanged? Assume ideal behavior and that the reactor temperature remains unchanged. What was the point of this problem?
The point of this problem was to show how the conversion of a reaction can be affected by changes in the molar feed rate of one of the reactants.
What is reactants?Reactants are the substances that take part in a chemical reaction. They are the substances that enter into the reaction and are changed into the products of the reaction. Reactants are the starting materials that are used to form the products. Reactants can be elements, compounds, or mixtures of substances. Reactants must interact with each other in order for a chemical reaction to occur. Reactants are consumed during the reaction, and the products are what is left over after the reaction has taken place. Reactants are also known as substrates in biochemistry.
The conversion of A would be 40%.
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what solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of ch3coch3 ?
In water, when CH3COCH3 dissolves, there is just one particle present in the solution.
Where does CH3COCH3 come from?Acetone's chemical formula is either CH3COCH3 or C3H6O. With only three molecules of carbon, six hydrogen atoms, but one oxygen atom, it is the most basic ketone. Two methyl groups are joined to the center carbon atom, or the sp2 hybridized carbon atom, in the acetone molecule.
Is the ester CH3COCH3?A carboxylate ester having the formula CH3COOCH3, methyl acetate is sometimes referred to as MeOAc, acetic anhydride methyl ester, or methyl ethanoate. It is a combustible liquid with a distinctively calming aroma resembling various glues & nail polish removers.
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what dangerous gas is produced by the decay of radium-226?
Answer:
Radium-226 decays by alpha particle radiation to an inert gas, radon-222, which also decays by alpha particle radiation.
Explanation:
A single atom of an element has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons. Which element is it?
A. V
B. Na
C. Mg
D. Se
Answer: B. Na
Explanation:
The element with 11 protons is sodium (Na), which has an atomic number of 11, indicating the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of sodium. The atomic number uniquely identifies each element, so any element with 11 protons in its nucleus is sodium.
In addition, the atom in question has 11 electrons, which are equal in number to the protons, as atoms are electrically neutral. Furthermore, the atom has 12 neutrons, which is the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus. The atomic mass of sodium is approximately 23, which means that the most common isotope of sodium has 12 neutrons. Therefore, the atom in question has one more neutron than the most common isotope of sodium.
In summary, the atom described has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons, which are the characteristics of a sodium atom with an atomic mass of approximately 23.
HELP! Out of the following compounds, identify the ones that are
polar covalent.
H2O
NCl3
AuCl3
ClO2
SF4
SO3
ClO[tex]_2[/tex], H[tex]_2[/tex]O are the polar covalent compounds, since all of these chemicals have a dipole moment.
What is polar covalent compound?Polar covalent compounds are electrical conductors. Polar compounds comprise chemical compounds held together through polar covalent bonds.
A polar compound is a chemical species that has two or even more atoms that are linked together by polar covalent bonds that share electrons irregularly. ClO[tex]_2[/tex], H[tex]_2[/tex]O are the polar covalent compounds, since all of these chemicals have a dipole moment.
Therefore, ClO[tex]_2[/tex], H[tex]_2[/tex]O are the polar covalent compounds.
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how is light independent reactions
The Calvin-Benson cycle or the light independent process both take place in the stroma of the chloroplast. Carbohydrates are created from carbon dioxide through a sequence of chemical processes.
Light-Independent ReactionsThe energetic electrons from the light-dependent reactions supply the energy to convert carbon dioxide molecules into carbohydrates in the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle. Because of the cyclical nature of the process, the light-independent reactions are occasionally referred to as the Calvin cycle.
The products of the light-dependent reactions are necessary for the light-independent reactions to work even though they don't involve light as a reactant and can thus occur day or night. The creation of new carbohydrate molecules is fueled by the energy carrier molecules ATP and NADPH, which are light-independent molecules. The energy carrier molecules then go back to the light-dependent processes to get more energised electrons once the energy has been delivered. Moreover, light activates a number of the enzymes involved in the light-independent processes.
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Calculate the wave length of hello light emitted by sodium lamp if the frequency of the radiation is 5x10to the power of 4
6.0×10⁵m is the wavelength of hello light emitted by sodium lamp if the frequency of the radiation is 5x10⁴.
What is wavelength?A periodic wave's wavelength is its spatial period, or the length over which its form repeats. It is a property of the both traveling waves as well as standing waves in addition to different spatial wave patterns. It refers to the distance between two successive corresponding locations of the same phase just on wave, such as two nearby crests, troughs, and zero crossings.
The spatial frequency is the reciprocal of wavelength. The Greek letter lambda is frequently used to represent wavelength. The term wavelength also was occasionally used to refer to modulated waves, their sinusoidal envelopes, or waves created by the interaction of several sinusoids.
ν=c/λ
5x10⁴=3×10⁸/λ
λ =3×10⁸/ 5x10⁴
=6.0×10⁵m
Therefore, 6.0×10⁵m is the wavelength.
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colligative properties depend only on solute concentration; the identity of the solute is not important. True or False?
The given statement is " colligative properties depend only on solute concentration; the identity of the solute is not important" is true as it will depend on the ratio of the number of the particles of the solute and the solvent in the solution,
The Colligative properties of the solutions are the properties that will depend upon the concentration of the solute molecules or the ions, but it will not upon the identity of solute. The Colligative properties are such as the vapor pressure lowering, the boiling point elevation, the freezing point depression, and the osmotic pressure.
The one of the properties of the solution is the colligative property if it will depends only on the ratio of the number of the particles of the solute and the solvent in the solution.
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what part of the curve corresponds to the optimum buffer action for the acetic acid/acetate ion pair?
The acetic anhydride ion pair's ideal buffer action is represented by point V on the curve.
What purpose does a buffer system like acetate acetic acid serve?In order to avoid pH variations that can impair the biochemical action of these molecules, acetate buffers are utilized in biosynthetic pathways of catalysts and other biochemical compounds of cells.
What does the acetate buffer do?The inhibitory effect of the acetate buffer mixture is brought on by sodium and acetic acid's interaction with the protoplasm. Whether the color solution is comprised up of borate and phosphate buffer combination at pH 7.85, the inhibitory impact of acetic acid or acetic buffer mixture is evident.
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Diane wants to maintain a record of grades she scored in the fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. She enters her grades and the total percentage she scored in a spreadsheet. Which tab on the Format Cells dialog box will enable her to display the total percentage symbol in the spreadsheet?
The number tab on the Format Cells dialog box will enable her to display the total percentage symbol in the spreadsheet.
A spreadsheet is what?A spreadsheet is a computer program that can capture, display and manipulate data arranged in rows and columns. One of the most used tools for personal computers is spreadsheets. In general, a spreadsheet is made to store numerical data and short text strings.
What does an Excel-styled cell mean?To change the formatting of cell numbers in Excel without changing the actual number, use the format cells function. We can modify the number, alignment, font style, border style, fill options, and protection with the aid of the format cells.
What purpose does an Excel spreadsheet serve?A spreadsheet is a tool for storing, modifying, and analyzing data. A spreadsheet's rows and columns of data can be searched, sorted, calculated from, and utilized to create a variety of graphs and charts.
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Place these hydrocarbons in order of decreasing boiling point. Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.1. hexadecane, C16H342. paraffin, C25H523. octane, C8H184. 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, C8H185. propane, C2H8
The correct order of decreasing boiling point is: paraffin, C₂₅H₅₂ > hexadecane, C₁₆H₃₄ > 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, C₈H₁₈ ≈ octane, C₈H₁₈ > propane, C₃H₈
The boiling point of a hydrocarbon is primarily determined by its molecular weight and the strength of its intermolecular forces. Generally, hydrocarbons with higher molecular weights and stronger intermolecular forces have higher boiling points.
Therefore, we can rank these hydrocarbons in decreasing boiling point order based on their molecular weight. paraffin, C₂₅H₅₂, hexadecane, C₁₆H₃₄, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, C₈H₁₈, octane C₈H₁₈, propane, C₃H₈.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons have various industrial applications, such as fuel for internal combustion engines, heating, and electricity generation.
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why fuse wire is made of an alloy of lead and tin?
what is periodic table with masses?
The periodic table with masses is very useful as the atomic mass is the average number of protons and neutrons in atoms of a chemical elements, which allows for the natural abundances of the element's isotopes.
Generally, atomic mass of an element is defined as the number of times an atom of that element which is heavier than an atom of carbon taken as 12. Basically, one atomic mass unit is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon 12 isotope.
In the modern periodic table atomic number is present at the upper left, or number of protons. And in the middle the letter is the symbol used for the element (e.g., H). And below is the relative atomic mass, as calculated for the isotopes found naturally on Earth. Finally at the very bottom is the name of the element (e.g., hydrogen).
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Matter is classified as a
A.homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture
B.substance or a mixture of substances
C.substance, only
D.mixture of compounds
Matter is classified as a substance or a mixture of substances.
Pure substances and mixtures are the two subgroups of matter. Elements and compounds are formed through the further division of pure substances.
Physically coupled structures known as mixtures can be disassembled into their component parts. One particular sort of atom or molecule makes up a chemical compound.
Do the fingerprints created by your gel electrophoresis provide conclusive evidence of who stole the vase? Explain.
Answer: Fingerprints are not conclusive evidence on their own.
Explanation:
The thief could have worn gloves and those fingerprints could belong to the owners. If the fingerprints don't match those of the owners', you would still need more evidence to prove that those belong to the killer, such as their whereabouts at the time the vase was stolen, motive, etc. Fingerprints are not conclusive evidence on their own.
Transcribed Image Text:A scientist mixes 0.02 g of a strong monoprotic base in 83 ml of water and obtains a pH of 12. He then realizes that he forgot to label the container and forgot what base he added. What is the most likely the identity of this base? KOH LIGH & LiOH RbOH NaOH
The identity of the base used should be NaOH.
The scientist has likely added 0.02g of NaOH to 83 ml of water and obtained a pH of 12. NaOH is a strong monoprotic base with a pKa of 13.9, meaning it will completely dissociate in water and produce a pH of 12 when 0.02g is added to 83ml of water. NaOH is also the most commonly used base in a lab setting. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the base in question is NaOH. When NaOH is added to water, it will dissociate into its ions i.e into Na+ and OH-. The hydroxide ions produced are responsible for the high pH value. The presence of Na+ ions does not have a significant effect on the pH as it is a weak acid. NaOH is a strong base because it completely dissociates in water, producing enough hydroxide ions to increase the pH to 12.
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a helium nucleus (charge 2q and mass 4m) and a lithium nucleus (charge 3q and mass 7m) are accelerated through the same potential difference, vo. what is the ratio of their resultant kinetic energies, klithium/khelium?
The ratio of the resultant kinetic energies is given as 3 / 2
How to get the ratioA ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities or values, typically expressed in the form of a fraction. It represents how many times one value contains or is contained within another value. For example, if we have two quantities, A and B, the ratio of A to B can be expressed as A/B or as a fraction like A:B.
We have the formula as k-lithium / k-helium
where k-lithium = 3q
k-helium = 2q
such that we would have
3q / 2q
= 3/2
The ratio of their resultant kinetic energies, klithium/khelium is 3 / 2
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what volume in milliliters of 0.512 m naoh is required to react completely with 25.0 ml 0.234 m h2so4
22.85 milliliters of 0.512 M sodium hydroxide will neutralize 25.0 milliliters of 0.234 M sulfuric acid.
What was sodium hydroxide used for?Manufacturers may use sodium hydroxide to produce soaps, rayon, paper, products that explode, dyes, and petroleum products. Other tasks that may use sodium hydroxide include processing cotton fabric, metal cleaning and processing, oxide coating, electroplating, and electrolytic extraction.
Why is sodium hydroxide harmful?Sodium hydroxide is overall considered safe for general use — but only in small amounts, at lower concentrations. At higher concentrations, sodium hydroxide is unsafe. It can cause chemical burns, as noted above, along with hives and holes in your skin. It's also very harmful if you eat it or inhale its fumes.
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The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is:a. decreasingb. increasingc. constantd. being converted to free energye. being converted to matter
The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is constant. This means that the total amount of energy in the universe is always the same, and it cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy can be converted from one form to another and transferred between objects, but the total amount of energy remains the same. For example, if two objects are interacting and one object gains energy, the other object must lose the same amount of energy. This is because energy can be neither created nor destroyed, and so the sum of the energy from both objects must remain the same. Mathematically, this can be expressed as: Energy before interaction = Energy after interaction. This law is often used in calculations to determine the amount of energy that an object has gained or lost in a given situation. The equation for calculating the change in energy (ΔE) is: ΔE = Efinal - Einitial
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The energy produced by a snack in an
experiment is calculated to be 1,254 J/g.
What is the energy of the snack in
Calories/gram?
Can someone tell me why 0.3/ is correct? please
Rounding this to one decimal place gives 299.5 cal/g ≈ 0.3 cal/g, which is likely why 0.3 was given as the answer.
What is Energy?
Energy is a property of objects or systems that can be transferred to other objects or systems, or converted into different forms. It is a scalar physical quantity that can be defined as the ability to do work or produce heat. Energy exists in many forms, such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, and electromagnetic, and can be transformed from one form to another. The SI unit of energy is the joule (J), but other units such as the calorie (cal) or the electronvolt (eV) are also commonly used in different contexts.
To convert the energy from joules per gram to calories per gram, we can use the conversion factor 1 calorie = 4.184 joules.
Thus, to find the energy of the snack in Calories/gram, we can divide the energy in joules/gram by the conversion factor:
1,254 J/g ÷ 4.184 J/cal = 299.5 cal/g
Rounding this to one decimal place gives 299.5 cal/g ≈ 0.3 cal/g, which is likely why 0.3 was given as the answer.
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A student accurately measured the volume of a solution, but spilled some before measuring solution mass. What is the effect on calculated solution density?
The calculated solution density is lower than the actual density
The predicted mass of the solution will fall short of the actual mass of the solution if the student spilled part of the solutions prior to taking the mass measurement.
What is the solution's total mass?After we have the masses of the solute and solvent, we may add them to determine the mass of both the solution. Masses are always additive. Hence, we may determine the solution's density by knowing its mass and volume.
What are the meanings of the terms "solute" and "solution mass"?Mass or moles are used to describe the solute's concentration. A solution's mass percent is computed by dividing the grams of component per grams of solutions by 100 to arrive at the percentage. The mass of each element in a mole of the compound as well as its molar mass are both solved by using the Mass Percent formula.
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What is the boiling point of 100% ethanol?
Answer:
Explanation:
The boiling point of 100% ethanol, or pure ethanol, at standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm or 760 mmHg) is approximately 78.37 degrees Celsius or 173.13 degrees Fahrenheit. This is slightly lower than the boiling point of water, which is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit at standard atmospheric pressure. However, the boiling point of ethanol can vary slightly depending on the pressure and the purity of the sample.
rutherford was the first to propose modifications of mendeleev’s periodic table TRUE OR FALSE
Rutherford was the first to propose modifications of mendeleev’s periodic table - False
Ernest Rutherford is well-known for his pioneering work in nuclear physics and radioactivity, however he made no changes to Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table. Rutherford's contributions to chemistry, on the other hand, were mostly experimental in nature, focusing on the study of atomic structure and the behaviour of electrons in atoms.
Mendeleev, on the other hand, is most known for developing the first widely accepted periodic table of elements, which he published in 1869. Mendeleev's periodic chart was based on element properties and atomic weights, and he used it to anticipate the qualities of unknown elements. Despite the fact that Mendeleev's periodic table has been updated and enlarged throughout time, he is usually credited with its inception and development.
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Explain the octet rule. Why are hydrogen and helium exceptions to the octet rule?
Discuss electron configurations in your answer.
Hydrogen and helium have only one electron shell. The first shell has only one s orbital and no p orbital.Therefore, it has only two electrons. So, these elements are most stable when they have two electrons.
What do you mean by the term octet rule ?The octet rule states that an atom loses or gains an electron in order to achieve a stable electronic configuration. It defines the tendency of an atom to have eight electrons in the outermost shell.
Both helium and hydrogen are stable with two electrons in the valence shell rather than according to the octet rule. They only require the s2 orbital filled since they lack p-orbitals.
Thus, The electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1S¹ and He is 1s².
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